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Fonseca Cabrera GO, Ma X, Lin W, Zhang T, Zhao W, Pan L, Li X, Barnhart TE, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Deng H, Wu X, Rakesh KP, Li Z, Engle JW, Wu Z. Synthesis of 64Cu-, 55Co-, and 68Ga-Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals Targeting Neurotensin Receptor-1 for Theranostics: Adjusting In Vivo Distribution Using Multiamine Macrocycles. J Nucl Med 2024:jnumed.124.267469. [PMID: 38871388 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.124.267469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of theranostic radiotracers relies on their binding to specific molecular markers of a particular disease and the use of corresponding radiopharmaceutical pairs thereafter. This study reports the use of multiamine macrocyclic moieties (MAs), as linkers or chelators, in tracers targeting the neurotensin receptor-1 (NTSR-1). The goal is to achieve elevated tumor uptake, minimal background interference, and prolonged tumor retention in NTSR-1-positive tumors. Methods: We synthesized a series of neurotensin antagonists bearing MA linkers and metal chelators. The MA unit is hypothesized to establish a strong interaction with the cell membrane, and the addition of a second chelator may enhance water solubility, consequently reducing liver uptake. Small-animal PET/CT imaging of [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-SR-3MA, [64Cu]Cu-NT-CB-NOTA, [68Ga]Ga-NT-CB-NOTA, [64Cu]Cu-NT-CB-DOTA, and [64Cu]Cu-NT-Sarcage was acquired at 1, 4, 24, and 48 h after injection using H1299 tumor models. [55Co]Co-NT-CB-NOTA was also tested in HT29 (high NTSR-1 expression) and Caco2 (low NTSR-1 expression) colorectal adenocarcinoma tumor models. Saturation binding assay and internalization of [55Co]Co-NT-CB-NOTA were used to test tracer specificity and internalization in HT29 cells. Results: In vivo PET imaging with [64Cu]Cu-NT-CB-NOTA, [68Ga]Ga-NT-CB-NOTA, and [55Co]Co-NT-CB-NOTA revealed high tumor uptake, high tumor-to-background contrast, and sustained tumor retention (≤48 h after injection) in NTSR-1-positive tumors. Tumor uptake of [64Cu]Cu-NT-CB-NOTA remained at 76.9% at 48 h after injection compared with uptake 1 h after injection in H1299 tumor models, and [55Co]Co-NT-CB-NOTA was retained at 60.2% at 24 h compared with uptake 1 h after injection in HT29 tumor models. [64Cu]Cu-NT-Sarcage also showed high tumor uptake with low background and high tumor retention 48 h after injection Conclusion: Tumor uptake and pharmacokinetic properties of NTSR-1-targeting radiopharmaceuticals were greatly improved when attached with different nitrogen-containing macrocyclic moieties. The study results suggest that NT-CB-NOTA labeled with either 64Cu/67Cu, 55Co/58mCo, or 68Ga (effect of 177Lu in tumor to be determined in future studies) and NT-Sarcage labeled with 64Cu/67Cu or 55Co/58mCo may be excellent diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals targeting NTSR-1-positive cancers. Also, the introduction of MA units to other ligands is warranted in future studies to test the generality of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- German O Fonseca Cabrera
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xinrui Ma
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wilson Lin
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Tao Zhang
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Liqin Pan
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Accunovo Biotechnologies, Inc., Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | | | - Huaifu Deng
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xuedan Wu
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kadalipura P Rakesh
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Zibo Li
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;
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Chemical Probes and Activity-Based Protein Profiling for Cancer Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115936. [PMID: 35682614 PMCID: PMC9180054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical probes can be used to understand the complex biological nature of diseases. Due to the diversity of cancer types and dynamic regulatory pathways involved in the disease, there is a need to identify signaling pathways and associated proteins or enzymes that are traceable or detectable in tests for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Currently, fluorogenic chemical probes are widely used to detect cancer-associated proteins and their binding partners. These probes are also applicable in photodynamic therapy to determine drug efficacy and monitor regulating factors. In this review, we discuss the synthesis of chemical probes for different cancer types from 2016 to the present time and their application in monitoring the activity of transferases, hydrolases, deacetylases, oxidoreductases, and immune cells. Moreover, we elaborate on their potential roles in photodynamic therapy.
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