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Siwek A, Marcinkowska M, Głuch-Lutwin M, Mordyl B, Wolak M, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Wilczyńska-Zawal N, Wyska E, Szafrańska K, Karcz T, Ostrowska O, Bucki A, Kołaczkowski M. Dual 5-HT 6/SERT ligands for mitigating neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia exerting neuroprotection against amyloid-β toxicity, memory preservation, and antidepressant-like properties. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116601. [PMID: 38901106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
In light of the biological targets alterations in dementia patients suffering from neuropsychiatric symptoms, particularly in the 5-HT6 receptor and SERT transporters, this study aimed to develop dual-acting molecules targeting both these targets. By combining a 5-substituted indole with piperazine scaffolds, we synthesized molecules with nanomolar affinities for these sites, avoiding interaction with off-targets detrimental to dementia patients. Preliminary pharmacodynamic and ADMET assays let the identification of compound 15 as a lead molecule. In vitro studies showed that 15 provided neuroprotection against Aβ toxicity and reduced the levels of proapoptotic enzymes: caspase 3 and 7. In vivo, 15 reversed MK-801-induced memory deficits and exhibited antidepressant-like effects. Further studies showed that acute administration of compound 15 at a dose of 5 mg/kg increased BDNF levels, which are crucial for supporting neuronal survival and potentially slowing cognitive decline in dementia. These findings suggest 15's potential as a therapeutic for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Siwek
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Monika Marcinkowska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Mordyl
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wolak
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Wilczyńska-Zawal
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szafrańska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Olga Ostrowska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Bucki
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Kołaczkowski
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland; Adamed Pharma S.A., Pienkow, 6A Mariana Adamkiewicza St., 05-152, Czosnów, Poland
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2
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Huang YY, Gan YH, Yang L, Cheng W, Yu JT. Depression in Alzheimer's Disease: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Treatment. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:992-1005. [PMID: 37866486 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are substantial public health concerns. In the past decades, a link between the 2 disease entities has received extensive acknowledgment, yet the complex nature of this relationship demands further clarification. Some evidence indicates that midlife depression may be an AD risk factor, while a chronic course of depression in late life may be a precursor to or symptom of dementia. Recently, multiple pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed to underlie the bidirectional relationship between depression and AD, including genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, accumulation of AD-related biomarkers (e.g., amyloid-β and tau), and alterations in brain structure. Accordingly, numerous therapeutic approaches, such as pharmacology treatments, psychotherapy, and lifestyle interventions, have been suggested as potential means of interfering with these pathways. However, the current literature on this topic remains fragmented and lacks a comprehensive review characterizing the association between depression and AD. In this review, we aim to address these gaps by providing an overview of the co-occurrence and temporal relationship between depression and AD, as well as exploring their underlying mechanisms. We also examine the current therapeutic regimens for depression and their implications for AD management and outline key challenges facing the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yuan Huang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Han Gan
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Lian W, Wang Z, Zhou F, Yuan X, Xia C, Wang W, Yan Y, Cheng Y, Yang H, Xu J, He J, Zhang W. Cornuside ameliorates cognitive impairments via RAGE/TXNIP/NF-κB signaling in Aβ 1-42 induced Alzheimer's disease mice. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:24. [PMID: 38780885 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cornuside has been discovered to improve learning and memory in AD mice, however, its underlying mechanism was not fully understood. In the present study, we established an AD mice model by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1-42, which were treated with cornuside (3, 10, 30 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. Cornuside significantly ameliorated cognitive function of AD mice in series of behavioral tests, including Morris water maze test, nest building test, novel object recognition test and step-down test. Additionally, cornuside could attenuate neuronal injury, and promote cholinergic synaptic transmission by restoring the level of acetylcholine (ACh) via inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), as well as facilitating choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Furthermore, cornuside inhibited oxidative stress levels amplified as decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), by inhibiting TXNIP expression, improving total anti-oxidative capacity (TAOC), raising activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Cornuside also reduced the activation of microglia and astrocytes, decreased the level of proinflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS and COX2 via interfering RAGE-mediated IKK-IκB-NF-κB phosphorylation. Similar anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects were also found in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells via hampering RAGE-mediated TXNIP activation and NF-κB nuclear translocation. Virtual docking revealed that cornuside could interact with the active pocket of RAGE V domain directly. In conclusion, cornuside could bind to the RAGE directly impeding the interaction of Aβ and RAGE, and cut down the expression of TXNIP inhibiting ROS production and oxidative stress, as well as hamper NF-κB p65 mediated the inflammation.
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Grants
- ZRJY2023-QM10, ZRJY2021-BJ06, ZRJY2021-TD06, ZRJY2021-QM16, ZRJY2023-QM28 Elite Medical Professionals Project of China-Japan Friendship Hospital
- ZRJY2023-QM10, ZRJY2021-BJ06, ZRJY2021-TD06, ZRJY2021-QM16, ZRJY2023-QM28 Elite Medical Professionals Project of China-Japan Friendship Hospital
- ZRJY2023-QM10, ZRJY2021-BJ06, ZRJY2021-TD06, ZRJY2021-QM16, ZRJY2023-QM28 Elite Medical Professionals Project of China-Japan Friendship Hospital
- ZRJY2023-QM10, ZRJY2021-BJ06, ZRJY2021-TD06, ZRJY2021-QM16, ZRJY2023-QM28 Elite Medical Professionals Project of China-Japan Friendship Hospital
- ZRJY2023-QM10, ZRJY2021-BJ06, ZRJY2021-TD06, ZRJY2021-QM16, ZRJY2023-QM28 Elite Medical Professionals Project of China-Japan Friendship Hospital
- ZRJY2023-QM10, ZRJY2021-BJ06, ZRJY2021-TD06, ZRJY2021-QM16, ZRJY2023-QM28 Elite Medical Professionals Project of China-Japan Friendship Hospital
- 3332023096 Central Universities Fundamental for Basic Scientific Research of Peking Union Medical College
- 2022SLZDCY-001 Yan'an Science and Technology Plan Project
- 2022JZ-49 Key Project Funding for Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Rearch Program
- 82273809, 82273815, 82073731 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82273809, 82273815, 82073731 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2023-NHLHCRF-CXYW-01, 2022-NHLHCRF-YNZY-01 National High Level hospital Clinical Research Funding
- 2023-NHLHCRF-CXYW-01, 2022-NHLHCRF-YNZY-01 National High Level hospital Clinical Research Funding
- 2022-JKCS-16 Nonprofit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Science
- CPA-B04-ZC-2021-005 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association-Yiling Biomedical Innovation Fund Project
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Lian
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zexing Wang
- School of Life Science, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotang Yuan
- School of Life Science, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Congyuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenping Wang
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, New Haven, USA
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiekun Xu
- School of Life Science, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiku Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Kothandan D, Singh DS, Yerrakula G, D B, N P, Santhana Sophia B V, A R, Ramya Vg S, S K, M J. Advanced Glycation End Products-Induced Alzheimer's Disease and Its Novel Therapeutic Approaches: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e61373. [PMID: 38947632 PMCID: PMC11214645 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in the brain, leading to neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The pathophysiology of AD is influenced by receptors for AGEs and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Protein glycation results in irreversible AGEs through a complicated series of reactions involving the formation of Schiff's base, the Amadori reaction, followed by the Maillard reaction, which causes abnormal brain glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, malfunctioning mitochondria, plaque deposition, and neuronal death. Amyloid plaque and other stimuli activate macrophages, which are crucial immune cells in AD development, triggering the production of inflammatory molecules and contributing to the disease's pathogenesis. The risk of AD is doubled by risk factors for atherosclerosis, dementia, advanced age, and type 2 diabetic mellitus (DM). As individuals age, the prevalence of neurological illnesses such as AD increases due to a decrease in glyoxalase levels and an increase in AGE accumulation. Insulin's role in proteostasis influences hallmarks of AD-like tau phosphorylation and amyloid β peptide clearance, affecting lipid metabolism, inflammation, vasoreactivity, and vascular function. The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, a key initiator and activator of a neuroinflammatory response, has been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. The TLR4 inhibitor was found to improve memory and learning impairment and decrease Aβ build-up. Therapeutic research into anti-glycation agents, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) inhibitors, and AGE breakers offers hope for intervention strategies. Dietary and lifestyle modifications can also slow AD progression. Newer therapeutic approaches targeting AGE-related pathways are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya Kothandan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai, IND
| | - Daniel S Singh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai, IND
| | - Goutham Yerrakula
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Vacoas, MUS
| | - Backkiyashree D
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai, IND
| | - Pratibha N
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Ramya A
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai, IND
| | - Sapthami Ramya Vg
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai, IND
| | - Keshavini S
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai, IND
| | - Jagadheeshwari M
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai, IND
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5
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Dascalu AE, Furman C, Landrieu I, Cantrelle FX, Mortelecque J, Grolaux G, Gillery P, Tessier F, Lipka E, Billamboz M, Boulanger E, Ghinet A. Development of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) ligands through target directed dynamic combinatorial chemistry: a novel class of possible antagonists. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303255. [PMID: 38317623 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
RAGE is a transmembrane receptor of immunoglobulin family that can bind various endogenous and exogenous ligands, initiating the inflammatory downstream signaling pathways, including inflammaging. Therefore, RAGE represents an attractive drug target for age-related diseases. For the development of small-molecule RAGE antagonists, we employed protein-templated dynamic combinatorial chemistry (ptDCC) using RAGE's VC1 domain as a template, the first application of this approach in the context of RAGE. The affinities of DCC hits were validated using microscale thermophoresis. Subsequent screening against AGE2 (glyceraldehyde-modified AGE)-sRAGE (solubleRAGE) (AGE2-BSA/sRAGE) interaction using ELISA tests led to the identification of antagonists with micromolar potency. Our findings not only demonstrate the successful application of ptDCC on RAGE but also highlight its potential to address the pressing need for alternative strategies for the development of small-molecule RAGE antagonists, an area of research that has experienced a slowdown in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Elena Dascalu
- Junia, Health and Environment, Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health, F-59000, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000, Lille, France
- 'Alexandru Ioan Cuza' University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemistry, Bd. Carol I, Nr. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| | - Christophe Furman
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, UFR Pharmacie, BP 83, F-59006, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000, Lille, France
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - François-Xavier Cantrelle
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000, Lille, France
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Justine Mortelecque
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000, Lille, France
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Gaëlle Grolaux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Gillery
- Univ. Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology CNRS/URCA UMR 7369 MEDyC, Faculty of Medicine, F-51095, Reims, France
| | - Frédéric Tessier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, UFR Pharmacie, BP 83, F-59006, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Lipka
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, UFR Pharmacie, BP 83, F-59006, Lille, France
| | - Muriel Billamboz
- Junia, Health and Environment, Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health, F-59000, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Eric Boulanger
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Alina Ghinet
- Junia, Health and Environment, Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health, F-59000, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000, Lille, France
- 'Alexandru Ioan Cuza' University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemistry, Bd. Carol I, Nr. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania
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6
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Waugh ML, Wolf LM, Turner JP, Phillips LN, Servoss SL, Moss MA. Modulating the RAGE-Induced Inflammatory Response: Peptoids as RAGE Antagonists. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300503. [PMID: 37679300 PMCID: PMC10711691 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
While the primary pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is defined by brain deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, chronic inflammation has emerged as an important factor in AD etiology. Upregulated cell surface expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), a key receptor of innate immune response, is reported in AD. In parallel, RAGE ligands, including Aβ aggregates, HMGB1, and S100B, are elevated in AD brain. Activation of RAGE by these ligands triggers release of inflammatory cytokines and upregulates cell surface RAGE. Despite such observation, there are currently no therapeutics that target RAGE for treatment of AD-associated neuroinflammation. Peptoids, a novel class of potential AD therapeutics, display low toxicity, facile blood-brain barrier permeability, and resistance to proteolytic degradation. In the current study, peptoids were designed to mimic Aβ, a ligand that binds the V-domain of RAGE, and curtail RAGE inflammatory activation. We reveal the nanomolar binding capability of peptoids JPT1 and JPT1a to RAGE and demonstrate their ability to attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production as well as upregulation of RAGE cell surface expression. These results support RAGE antagonist peptoid-based mimics as a prospective therapeutic strategy to counter neuroinflammation in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyun Lim Waugh
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, 3A46 Swearingen Engineering Center, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Lauren M Wolf
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, 3A46 Swearingen Engineering Center, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - James P Turner
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Lauren N Phillips
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, 3A46 Swearingen Engineering Center, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Shannon L Servoss
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Melissa A Moss
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, 3A46 Swearingen Engineering Center, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 2C02 Swearingen Engineering Center, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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7
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Jellinger KA. The heterogeneity of late-life depression and its pathobiology: a brain network dysfunction disorder. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023:10.1007/s00702-023-02648-z. [PMID: 37145167 PMCID: PMC10162005 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression is frequent in older individuals and is often associated with cognitive impairment and increasing risk of subsequent dementia. Late-life depression (LLD) has a negative impact on quality of life, yet the underlying pathobiology is still poorly understood. It is characterized by considerable heterogeneity in clinical manifestation, genetics, brain morphology, and function. Although its diagnosis is based on standard criteria, due to overlap with other age-related pathologies, the relationship between depression and dementia and the relevant structural and functional cerebral lesions are still controversial. LLD has been related to a variety of pathogenic mechanisms associated with the underlying age-related neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular processes. In addition to biochemical abnormalities, involving serotonergic and GABAergic systems, widespread disturbances of cortico-limbic, cortico-subcortical, and other essential brain networks, with disruption in the topological organization of mood- and cognition-related or other global connections are involved. Most recent lesion mapping has identified an altered network architecture with "depressive circuits" and "resilience tracts", thus confirming that depression is a brain network dysfunction disorder. Further pathogenic mechanisms including neuroinflammation, neuroimmune dysregulation, oxidative stress, neurotrophic and other pathogenic factors, such as β-amyloid (and tau) deposition are in discussion. Antidepressant therapies induce various changes in brain structure and function. Better insights into the complex pathobiology of LLD and new biomarkers will allow earlier and better diagnosis of this frequent and disabling psychopathological disorder, and further elucidation of its complex pathobiological basis is warranted in order to provide better prevention and treatment of depression in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Alberichgasse 5/13, 1150, Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Yang SJ, Wang JJ, Cheng P, Chen LX, Hu JM, Zhu GQ. Ginsenoside Rg1 in neurological diseases: From bench to bedside. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:913-930. [PMID: 36380226 PMCID: PMC10104881 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has been used in China as a superior medicinal material for thousands of years that can nourish the five internal organs, calm the mind and benefit wisdom. Due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities, one of the active components of ginseng, ginsenoside Rg1, has been extensively investigated in the remedy of brain disorders, especially dementia and depression. In this review, we summarized the research progress on the action mechanisms of Rg1 ameliorating depression-like behaviors, including inhibition of hyperfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, regulation of synaptic plasticity and gut flora. Rg1 may alleviate Alzheimer's disease in the early phase, as well as in the middle-late phases through repairing dendrite, axon and microglia- and astrocyte-related inflammations. We also proposed that Rg1 could regulate memory state (the imbalance of working and aversive memory) caused by distinct stimuli. These laboratory studies would further the clinical trials on Rg1. From the prospective of drug development, we discussed the limitations of the present investigations and proposed our ideas to increase permeability and bioavailability of Rg1. Taken together, Rg1 has the potential to treat neuropsychiatric disorders, but a future in-depth investigation of the mechanisms is still required. In addition, drug development will benefit from the clinical trials in one specific neuropsychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Jing-Ji Wang
- The Second Affiliation Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230061, China.
| | - Ping Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Jia-Min Hu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Guo-Qi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
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Rodríguez-Giraldo M, González-Reyes RE, Ramírez-Guerrero S, Bonilla-Trilleras CE, Guardo-Maya S, Nava-Mesa MO. Astrocytes as a Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer's Disease-Comprehensive Review and Recent Developments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13630. [PMID: 36362415 PMCID: PMC9654484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a frequent and disabling neurodegenerative disorder, in which astrocytes participate in several pathophysiological processes including neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism (along with a critical role in apolipoprotein E function). Current evidence shows that astrocytes have both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects depending on the disease stage and microenvironmental factors. Furthermore, astrocytes appear to be affected by the presence of amyloid-beta (Aβ), with alterations in calcium levels, gliotransmission and proinflammatory activity via RAGE-NF-κB pathway. In addition, astrocytes play an important role in the metabolism of tau and clearance of Aβ through the glymphatic system. In this review, we will discuss novel pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments focused on astrocytes as therapeutic targets for AD. These interventions include effects on anti-inflammatory/antioxidant systems, glutamate activity, lipid metabolism, neurovascular coupling and glymphatic system, calcium dysregulation, and in the release of peptides which affects glial and neuronal function. According to the AD stage, these therapies may be of benefit in either preventing or delaying the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mauricio O. Nava-Mesa
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Centro de Neurociencias Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
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