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Galla MS, Kale NB, Sharma A, Hajare A, Godugu C, Shankaraiah N. Development of chromone-thiazolidine-2,4-dione Knoevenagel conjugates as apoptosis inducing agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 109:129853. [PMID: 38909705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Overexpression of Bcl-2 protein is a predominant hallmark of disturbed apoptotic pathway in most of the cancers. Herein, chromone-linked thiazolidinediones were designed and synthesized to target Bcl-2 for regulating anti-apoptotic proteins. The study on in vitro cancer cell lines revealed the presence of compounds 8a, 8k, 8l, and 8n, which were found to have good to moderate anti-proliferative activity (with an IC50 concentration less than 10 µM). Among them, 8l depicted the highest cytotoxicity on the A549 cell line with an IC50 of 6.1 ± 0.02 µM. Aberrantly, the compounds displayed less toxicity towards human embryonic kidney HEK cells underlining its selectivity. The DCFDA study revealed a gradual increase in the ROS generation of 8l, followed by its quantification by flow analysis. Similarly, the studies including DAPI, AO/EtBr and Annexin-V binding clearly elucidated the DNA damage, membrane integrity prospects, and insights for early and late apoptotic phases. Markedly, the Bcl-2-FITC anti-body study revealed that compound 8l reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins by 79.1 % compared to the control at 9 µM concentration. In addition, the molecular docking study provided the impending scope of these hybrids, showing promising interaction with the Mcl-1 target (member of the Bcl-2 family) with comparable binding affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Sravani Galla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Nandini B Kale
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Aditya Hajare
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India.
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2
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Çevik UA, Kaya B, Celik I, Rudrapal M, Rakshit G, Karayel A, Levent S, Osmaniye D, Sağlık Özkan BN, Baysal M, Atlı Ekliog̈lu Ö, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. New Benzimidazole-Triazole Derivatives as Topoisomerase I Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Anticancer Screening, and Molecular Modeling Studies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13359-13372. [PMID: 38524479 PMCID: PMC10955584 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated a series of 1,2,4-triazole benzimidazoles for their cytotoxic effects against the A549, C6, and NIH3T3 cell lines. Additionally, these compounds were assessed for their inhibitory activity against DNA topoisomerase I, aiming to develop novel anticancer agents. The synthesized final compounds 4a-h were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. Among them, compounds 4b and 4h emerged as the most potent agents against the A549 cell line, exhibiting an IC50 value of 7.34 ± 0.21 μM and 4.56 ± 0.18 μM, respectively. These results were compared to standard drugs, doxorubicin (IC50 = 12.420 ± 0.5 μM) and Hoechst 33342 (IC50 = 0.422 ± 0.02 μM). Notably, all tested compounds displayed higher cytotoxicity toward A549 cells than C6 cells. Compounds 4b and 4h demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against topoisomerase I, highlighting their potential as lead compounds in anticancer therapy. Subsequent in silico molecular docking studies were conducted to elucidate the potential binding interactions of compounds 4b and 4h with the target enzyme topoisomerase I. Molecular dynamics studies also assessed and validated the binding affinity and stability. These studies confirmed the promising binding affinity of these compounds, reinforcing their status as lead candidates. According to DFT, compound 4b having the lower energy gap value (ΔE = 3.598 eV) is more chemically reactive than the others, which is consistent with significant inhibitory activity against topoisomerase I. Furthermore, in silico ADME profiles for compounds 4b and 4h were evaluated using SwissADME, providing insights into their pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulviye Acar Çevik
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eski̧ehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Betül Kaya
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak 67100, Turkey
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Mithun Rudrapal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Vignan’s Foundation for
Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to Be University), Guntur 522213, India
| | - Gourav Rakshit
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Arzu Karayel
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Hitit University, Çorum 19030, Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eski̧ehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Derya Osmaniye
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eski̧ehir 26470, Turkey
| | | | - Merve Baysal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eski̧ehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Özlem Atlı Ekliog̈lu
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eski̧ehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eski̧ehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eski̧ehir 26470, Turkey
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3
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Carullo G, Mazzotta S, Ceramella J, Iacopetta D, Ramunno A, Rosano C, Brizzi A, Campiani G, Aiello F, Sinicropi MS. Development of 1-(2-aminophenyl)pyrrole-based amides acting as human topoisomerase I inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300270. [PMID: 37452410 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Topoisomerases are ubiquitous enzymes in the human body, particularly involved in cancer development and progression. Topoisomerase I (topoI) performs DNA relaxation reactions by "controlled rotation" rather than by "strand passage." The inhibition of topoI has become a useful strategy to control cancer cell proliferation. Nowadays, different compounds have undergone clinical trials, but the search for new molecular entities is necessary and benefits from medicinal chemistry efforts. Pyrrole-based compounds emerged as promising antiproliferative agents, with particular interest in breast cancer therapy and topoI inhibition. Starting from these observations and based on the scaffold-hopping approach, we developed a small library of 1-(2-aminophenyl)pyrrole-based amides (7a-f) as new anticancer agents. Tested on a panel of cancer cell lines, 7a-f displayed the most interesting profile in MDA-MB-231 cells, where the most active compounds, 7d-f, were able to induce death by apoptosis. Direct enzymatic assays and docking simulations on the topoI active site (PDB: 1A35) revealed the inhibitory activity and potential binding site for the newly developed 1-(2-aminophenyl)pyrrole-based amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Carullo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sarah Mazzotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Anna Ramunno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Camillo Rosano
- Unità di Proteomica e Spettrometria di Massa, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonella Brizzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Maria S Sinicropi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
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4
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Rani P, Chahal S, Kumar R, Mayank, Kumar P, Negi A, Singh R, Kumar S, Kataria R, Joshi G, Sindhu J. Electro-organic synthesis of C-5 sulfenylated amino uracils: Optimization and exploring topoisomerase-I based anti-cancer profile. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106660. [PMID: 37320914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is spreading worldwide and is one of the leading causes of death. The use of existing chemotherapeutic agents is frequently limited due to side effects. As a result, it is critical to investigate new agents for cancer treatment. In this context, we developed an electrochemical method for the synthesis of a series of thiol-linked pyrimidine derivatives (3a-3p) and explored their anti-cancer potential. The biological profile of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against breast (MDAMB-231 and MCF-7) and colorectal (HCT-116) cancer cell lines. 3b and 3d emerged to be the most potent agents, with IC50 values ranging between 0.98 to 2.45 µM. Target delineation studies followed by secondary anticancer parameters were evaluated for most potent compounds, 3b and 3d. The analysis revealed compounds possess DNA intercalation potential and selective inhibition towards human topoisomerase (hTopo1). The analysis was further corroborated by DNA binding studies and in silico-based molecular modeling studies that validated the intercalating binding mode between the compounds and the DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Rani
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Sandhya Chahal
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Roshan Kumar
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Mayank
- Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique - 3IT USherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Parvin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Arvind Negi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Rajvir Singh
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India; Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Ramesh Kataria
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar-246174, Dist. Garhwal, (Uttarakhand), India; Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Bell Road, Clement Town Dehradun, Uttarakhand- 248002.
| | - Jayant Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India.
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5
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Soni JP, Chilvery S, Sharma A, Reddy GN, Godugu C, Shankaraiah N. Design, synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of indolo-pyrazoles grafted with thiazolidinone as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:549-562. [PMID: 36970141 PMCID: PMC10033828 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pursuit of potential and effective chemotherapeutic agents, a series of 2-((3-(indol-3-yl)-pyrazol-5-yl)imino)thiazolidin-4-ones was designed and synthesized, conjoining salient pharmacophoric properties for directing prominent cytotoxicity. The in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation revealed potent compounds with IC50 values <10 μM on tested human cancer cell lines. Compound 6c exhibited the highest cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 3.46 μM against melanoma cancer cells (SK-MEL-28) and was highly cytospecific and selective towards cancer cells. The traditional apoptosis assays revealed morphological and nuclear alterations such as apoptotic body formation, condensed/horseshoe-shaped/fragmented/blebbing nuclei, and the generation of ROS. Flow cytometric analysis revealed effective early-stage apoptosis induction and cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. In addition, the enzyme-based effect of 6c on tubulin showed the inhibition of tubulin polymerization (about 60% inhibition, IC50 was <1.73 μM). Moreover, molecular modeling studies affirmed the constant accommodation of compound 6c at the active pocket of tubulin, establishing many electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with the active pocket's residues. The tubulin-6c complex was stable during the MD simulation for 50 ns with the recommended range of RMSD value (2-4 Å) for each pose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Soni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500036 India
| | - Shrilekha Chilvery
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500036 India
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500036 India
| | - G Nikitha Reddy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500036 India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500036 India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500036 India
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6
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Şenol H, Ağgül AG, Atasoy S, Güzeldemirci NU. Synthesis, characterization, molecular docking and in vitro anti-cancer activity studies of new and highly selective 1,2,3-triazole substituted 4-hydroxybenzohyrdazide derivatives. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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7
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Xu G, Li Z, Ding Y, Shen Y. Discovery of 1,2-diphenylethene derivatives as human DNA topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitors and antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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