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Tawfik HO, Saleh MM, Ammara A, Khaleel EF, Badi R, Khater YTT, Rasheed RA, Attia AA, Hefny SM, Elkaeed EB, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Eldehna WM, Shaldam MA. Discovery of Novel Pyridazine-Tethered Sulfonamides as Carbonic Anhydrase II Inhibitors for the Management of Glaucoma. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1611-1623. [PMID: 38207099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
As a progressive neuropathic condition, glaucoma can cause lifelong blindness if left untreated. Novel phenylpyridazine-tethered sulfonamides were designed as selective inhibitors for carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoform II to find effective therapeutic agents for glaucoma. Subsequently, the target inhibitors were synthesized and assessed for their inhibitory action against cytosolic CA I and II. Interestingly, the synthesized molecules poorly inhibited CA I while exhibiting low subnanomolar potency against CA II. Compound 7c disclosed the most potent activity (IC50 = 0.63 nM) with high selectivity against CA II (605-fold than acetazolamide selectivity). Moreover, compound 7c also showed significant in vivo IOP-reducing properties in the in vivo model of glaucoma. Furthermore, the binding of compound 7c to CA II was assessed at the molecular level, exploiting the molecular docking approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haytham O Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Andrea Ammara
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Firenze, Italy
| | - Eman F Khaleel
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Badi
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yomna T T Khater
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Rabab A Rasheed
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai 46511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Attia
- Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Salma M Hefny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Firenze, Italy
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33516, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Moataz A Shaldam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33516, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Wang H, Ba J, Kang Y, Gong Z, Liang T, Zhang Y, Qi J, Wang J. Recent Progress in CDK4/6 Inhibitors and PROTACs. Molecules 2023; 28:8060. [PMID: 38138549 PMCID: PMC10745860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell division in eukaryotes is a highly regulated process that is critical to the life of a cell. Dysregulated cell proliferation, often driven by anomalies in cell Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activation, is a key pathological mechanism in cancer. Recently, selective CDK4/6 inhibitors have shown clinical success, particularly in treating advanced-stage estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the action mechanism and recent advancements in CDK4/6 inhibitors, categorizing them based on their structural characteristics and origins. Furthermore, it explores proteolysis targeting chimers (PROTACs) targeting CDK4/6. We hope that this review could be of benefit for further research on CDK4/6 inhibitors and PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianguo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University Jinming Campus, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University Jinming Campus, Kaifeng 475004, China
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