1
|
Lin L, Honglin X, Yao Z, Xianyou Z, Liang K, Li Y, Guiting Z, Shushu W, Yuling Z, Danling C, Qi C, Xinjun Z, Rong L. Jin-Xin-Kang alleviates heart failure by mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction through the Calcineurin/Dynamin-Related Protein 1 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024:118685. [PMID: 39127116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a severe consequence of cardiovascular disease, marked by cardiac dysfunction. Jin-Xin-Kang (JXK) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula used for the treatment of CHF. This formula consists of seven medicinal herbs, including Ginseng (Ginseng quinquefolium (L.) Alph.Wood), Astragali Radix (Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge), Salvia miltiorrhiza (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen (Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl), Leonuri Herba (Leonurus japonicus Houtt.), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl), and Ilex pubescens (Ilex pubescens Hook. & Arn.). Its clinical efficacy has been validated through prospective randomized controlled studies. However, the specific mechanisms of action for this formula have yet to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the effect of JXK on mitochondrial function and its mechanism in the treatment of CHF. METHODS JXK components were qualitatively analyzed using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS. HF was induced in mice via transverse aortic constriction (TAC). After successful model establishment, lyophilized JXK-L (4.38 g/kg) and JXK-H (13.14 g/kg) were administered for 8 weeks. In vitro, hypertrophic myocardium was induced using angiotensin II (Ang II) for 48 hours, followed by JXK-L and JXK-H treatment. Network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were used to predict the relevant targets of JXK. Cardiac function, serum markers, and histopathological changes were evaluated to assess cardiac function. Immunofluorescence of Tomm20, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ROS were measured to assess mitochondrial dysfunction. Protein expression of calcineurin (CaN) and Drp1 in the myocardium was assessed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS We detected that the active components of JXK include terpenes, glycosides, flavonoids, amino acids, and alkaloids, among others. In mice with CHF, JXK improved cardiac function and reversed ventricular remodeling. Network pharmacology indicated that JXK can inhibit the calcium signaling pathway. The molecular docking results demonstrated that the active components of JXK effectively bind with CaN. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that JXK regulated the CaN/Drp1 pathway and alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSION JXK can inhibit the CaN/Drp1 pathway to improve mitochondrial function, and consequently treat CHF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Lin
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Honglin
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyang Yao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeng Xianyou
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Liang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihua Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Guiting
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Shushu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Yuling
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Danling
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhao Xinjun
- Cardiology Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Li Rong
- Cardiology Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen H, Aisa HA. Alkaloid constituents from Anacyclus pyrethrum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024:114116. [PMID: 38692343 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Twelve undescribed alkaloids, including eight pyrrolo[3,2-g]isoquinoline alkaloids (+)/(-)-anacyquinoline A (1a/1b), (±)-anacyquinoline B (2), (+)/(-)-anacyquinoline C (3a/3b), (±)-anacyquinoline D (4), (±)-anacyquinoline E (5), and (±)-anacyquinoline F (6), together with four pyrrolo[2,3-g]quinoline alkaloids (+)/(-)-anacyquinoline G (7a/7b), (±)-anacyquinoline H (8), and (±)-anacyquinoline I (9), were isolated from the root of Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) DC. Their structures were determined via spectroscopic analyses (UV, IR, NMR), HRESIMS, quantum chemical calculations of ECD and NMR data, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (Cu Kα). In bioassay, (+)/(-)-anacyquinoline G (7a/7b), and (±)-anacyquinoline H (8) showed inhibition on NO production with IC50 values of 41.4, 44.1, and 31.4 μM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Road 40-1, Urumqi, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 10004, P.R. China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Road 40-1, Urumqi, China; College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Milivojac T, Grabež M, Krivokuća A, Maličević U, Gajić Bojić M, Đukanović Đ, Uletilović S, Mandić-Kovačević N, Cvjetković T, Barudžija M, Vojinović N, Šmitran A, Amidžić L, Stojiljković MP, Čolić M, Mikov M, Škrbić R. Ursodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic bile acids attenuate systemic and liver inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04994-2. [PMID: 38578526 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces general inflammation, by activating pathways involving cytokine production, blood coagulation, complement system activation, and acute phase protein release. The key cellular players are leukocytes and endothelial cells, that lead to tissue injury and organ failure. The aim of this study was to explore the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective properties of two bile acids, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in LPS-induced endotoxemia in rats. The experiment involved six distinct groups of Wistar rats, each subjected to different pretreatment conditions: control and LPS groups were pretreated with propylene glycol, as a bile acid solvent, while the other groups were pretreated with UDCA or CDCA for 10 days followed by an LPS injection on day 10. The results showed that both UDCA and CDCA reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines: TNF-α, GM-CSF, IL-2, IFNγ, IL-6, and IL-1β and expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) induced by LPS. In addition, pretreatment with these bile acids showed a positive impact on lipid profiles, a decrease in ICAM levels, an increase in antioxidant activity (SOD, |CAT, GSH), and a decrease in prooxidant markers (H2O2 and O2-). Furthermore, both bile acids alleviated LPS-induced liver injury. While UDCA and CDCA pretreatment attenuated homocysteine levels in LPS-treated rats, only UDCA pretreatment showed reductions in other serum biochemical markers, including creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and high-sensitivity troponin I. It can be concluded that both, UDCA and CDCA, although exerted slightly different effects, can prevent the inflammatory responses induced by LPS, improve oxidative stress status, and attenuate LPS-induced liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Milivojac
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - M Grabež
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - A Krivokuća
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - U Maličević
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - M Gajić Bojić
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Đ Đukanović
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - S Uletilović
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Republic of Srpska, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - N Mandić-Kovačević
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - T Cvjetković
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Republic of Srpska, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - M Barudžija
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, The Republic of Srpska, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - N Vojinović
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - A Šmitran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Republic of Srpska, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lj Amidžić
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - M P Stojiljković
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - M Čolić
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - R Škrbić
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo HY, Li X, Sang XT, Quan ZS, Shen QK. Design and synthesis of forsythin derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents for acute lung injury. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116223. [PMID: 38342013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a clinically high mortality disease, which has not yet been effectively treated. The development of anti-ALI drugs is imminent. ALI can be effectively treated by inhibiting the inflammatory cascade and reducing the inflammatory response in the lung. Forsythia suspense is a common Chinese herbal medicine with significant anti-inflammatory activity. Using forsythin as the parent, 27 Forsythin derivatives were designed and synthesized, and the anti-AIL activity of these compounds was evaluated. Among them, compound B5 has the best activity to inhibit the release of IL-6, and the inhibition rate reaches 91.79% at 25 μM, which was 7.5 times that of the parent forsythin. In addition, most of the compounds have no significant cytotoxicity in vitro. Further studies showed that compound B5 had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on NO, IL-6 and TNF-α. And the IC50 values of compound B5 for NO and IL-6 are 10.88 μM and 4.93 μM, respectively. We also found that B5 could significantly inhibit the expression of some immune-related cytotoxic factors, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In addition, B5 inhibits NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. In vivo experiments showed that B5 could alleviate lung inflammation in LPS-induced ALI mice and inhibit IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2 and iNOS. In summary, B5 has anti-inflammatory effects and alleviates ALI by regulating inflammatory mediators and inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Sang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Qing-Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang X, Liang G, Zhou Y, Ni B, Zhou X. Ameliorative effect and mechanism of ursodeoxycholic acid on hydrogen peroxide-induced hepatocyte injury. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4446. [PMID: 38395998 PMCID: PMC10891090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess the ameliorative effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced hepatocyte injury. In our in vivo experiments, we modelled hyperlipidemia in ApoE-/- mice subjected to a 3-month high-fat diet and found that HE staining of the liver showed severe liver injury and excessive H2O2 was detected in the serum. We modelled oxidative stress injury in L02 cells by H2O2 in vitro and analyzed the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and related genes. UDCA significantly improved the level of oxidative stress in H2O2-injured L02 cells (P < 0.05). In addition, UDCA improved the transcription levels of inflammation and oxidative stress-related genes (P < 0.05), showing anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects. UDCA has a protective effect on H2O2-damaged L02 cells, which lays a theoretical foundation for its application development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Center for Endocrine and Thyroid Diseases, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangxi Liang
- Center for Endocrine and Thyroid Diseases, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Banggao Ni
- Center for Endocrine and Thyroid Diseases, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu C, Li X, Du W, Zhang X, Li Y, Hu C, Mao Z, Zhang Y, Wang R. Exploration of costunolide derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory agents for topical treatment of atopic dermatitis by inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB pathways. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107054. [PMID: 38157670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory disease and it is very difficult to treat. In the present work, a series of costunolide derivatives have been prepared, and in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities have evaluated. The results showed that most derivatives displayed good inhibition of NO generation with low cytotoxicity, and 7d could inhibit the phosphorylation of P38, P65 NF-κB and IκB-α in LPS-induced RAW264.7 model. The in vivo researches showed that 7d could improve skin injury symptoms, decrease Th2-type cytokine levels, inhibit HIS levels, alleviate scratching and repaire the damaged skin barrier through the inhibition of phosphorylation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways on MC903-induced AD model. Therefore, costunolide derivatives may be new potent anti-AD agents for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Wenxia Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yanping Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Zewei Mao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Ruirui Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Muñoz-Vega MC, López-Hernández S, Sierra-Chavarro A, Scotti MT, Scotti L, Coy-Barrera E, Herrera-Acevedo C. Machine-Learning- and Structure-Based Virtual Screening for Selecting Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as Leishmania major DHFR-TS Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 29:179. [PMID: 38202763 PMCID: PMC10779987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The critical enzyme dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase in Leishmania major (LmDHFR-TS) serves a dual-purpose role and is essential for DNA synthesis, a cornerstone of the parasite's reproductive processes. Consequently, the development of inhibitors against LmDHFR-TS is crucial for the creation of novel anti-Leishmania chemotherapies. In this study, we employed an in-house database containing 314 secondary metabolites derived from cinnamic acid that occurred in the Asteraceae family. We conducted a combined ligand/structure-based virtual screening to identify potential inhibitors against LmDHFR-TS. Through consensus analysis of both approaches, we identified three compounds, i.e., lithospermic acid (237), diarctigenin (306), and isolappaol A (308), that exhibited a high probability of being inhibitors according to both approaches and were consequently classified as promising hits. Subsequently, we expanded the binding mode examination of these compounds within the active site of the test enzyme through molecular dynamics simulations, revealing a high degree of structural stability and minimal fluctuations in its tertiary structure. The in silico predictions were then validated through in vitro assays to examine the inhibitory capacity of the top-ranked naturally occurring compounds against LmDHFR-TS recombinant protein. The test compounds effectively inhibited the enzyme with IC50 values ranging from 6.1 to 10.1 μM. In contrast, other common cinnamic acid derivatives (i.e., flavonoid glycosides) from the Asteraceae family, such as hesperidin, isovitexin 4'-O-glucoside, and rutin, exhibited low activity against this target. The selective index (SI) for all tested compounds was determined using HsDHFR with moderate inhibitory effect. Among these hits, lignans 306 and 308 demonstrated the highest selectivity, displaying superior SI values compared to methotrexate, the reference inhibitor of DHFR-TS. Therefore, continued research into the anti-leishmanial potential of these C6C3-hybrid butyrolactone lignans may offer a brighter outlook for combating this neglected tropical disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camila Muñoz-Vega
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad ECCI, Bogotá, Distrito Capital 111311, Colombia; (M.C.M.-V.); (S.L.-H.); (A.S.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones (LIBB), Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de los Procesos Agroalimentarios y Biotecnológicos (GIPAB), Departamento de Química Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia
| | - Sofía López-Hernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad ECCI, Bogotá, Distrito Capital 111311, Colombia; (M.C.M.-V.); (S.L.-H.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Adrián Sierra-Chavarro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad ECCI, Bogotá, Distrito Capital 111311, Colombia; (M.C.M.-V.); (S.L.-H.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (M.T.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (M.T.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia;
| | - Chonny Herrera-Acevedo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad ECCI, Bogotá, Distrito Capital 111311, Colombia; (M.C.M.-V.); (S.L.-H.); (A.S.-C.)
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (M.T.S.); (L.S.)
| |
Collapse
|