1
|
Taqi D, Nematollahi S, Lemin S, Rauch F, Hamdy R, Dahan-Oliel N. Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita: dental and maxillofacial phenotype - A scoping review. Bone 2024; 179:116955. [PMID: 37951521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a heterogeneous group of disorders associated with decreased fetal movement, with a prevalence between 1/3000 and 1/5200 live births. Typical features of AMC include multiple joint contractures present at birth, and can affect all joints of the body, from the jaw, and involving the upper limbs, lower limbs and spine. The jaws may be affected in 25 % of individuals with AMC, with limited jaw movement and mouth opening. Other oral and maxillofacial deformities may be present in AMC, including cleft palate, micrognathia, periodontitis and delayed teething. To our knowledge, oral and maxillofacial abnormalities have not been systematically assessed in individuals with AMC. Therefore, this scoping review was conducted to identify, collect, and describe a comprehensive map of the existing knowledge on dental and maxillofacial involvement in individuals with AMC. METHODOLOGY A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. The PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews were followed and databases were searched for empirical articles in English and French published until October 2022. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and ERIC databases. Two authors independently reviewed the articles and extracted the data. RESULTS Of a total of 997 studies that were identified, 96 met the inclusion criteria and were subsequently included in this scoping review. These 96 studies collectively provided insights into 167 patients who exhibited some form of oral and/or maxillofacial involvement. Notably, 25 % of these patients were within the age range of 0-6 months. It is worth highlighting that only 22 out of the 96 studies (22.9 %), had the primary objective of evaluating dental and/or maxillofacial deformities. Among the patients studied, a prevalent pattern emerged, revealing that severe anomalies such as micrognathia (56 %), high-arched palate (29 %), cleft palate (40 %), limited mouth opening (31 %), and dental anomalies (28 %) were frequently observed. Importantly, many of these patients were found to have more than one of these anomalies. Even though these maxillofacial impairments are known to be associated with dental problems (e.g., cleft palate is associated with oligodontia, hypodontia, and malocclusion), their secondary effects on the dental phenotype were not reported in the studies. CONCLUSION Our findings have uncovered a notable deficiency in existing literature concerning dental and maxillofacial manifestations in AMC. This underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and the undertaking of extensive prospective cohort studies focused on AMC. These studies should assess the oral and maxillofacial abnormalities that can impact daily functioning and overall quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Taqi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Canada.
| | - Shahrzad Nematollahi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Canada
| | - Sarah Lemin
- Northeastern Ohio Medical University, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Canada
| | - Reggie Hamdy
- Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Canada
| | - Noemi Dahan-Oliel
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Franco E, Scanga HL, Jacob S, Chu CT, Nischal KK. Congenital corneal staphyloma in 8q21.11 microdeletion syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:147-151. [PMID: 36341706 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2127152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although 8q21.11 microdeletion syndrome (8q21.11 DS) has been reported in association with congenital corneal opacities, reports of the clinicopathological features and management are scarce. METHODS We reviewed medical records including ophthalmic evaluations, imaging, operative reports, and pathology reports of two unrelated patients referred to the Ophthalmology Clinic of UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh with a cytogenetic diagnosis of 8q21.11 DS. RESULTS Ophthalmological evaluation of both children revealed bilateral enlarged, staphylomatous, and cloudy corneas with neovascularization. These findings were consistent with the diagnosis of congenital corneal staphyloma (CCS). In one patient, anterior segment optical coherence tomography and high-frequency ultrasound revealed materials consistent with lens remnants embedded in the cornea; this was confirmed by histopathology. In the second patient, lens was found to be adherent to the cornea during surgery. One eye underwent enucleation for corneal perforation secondary to elevated intraocular pressure. In the other eyes, treatment consisted of penetrating keratoplasty combined with vitrectomy. Ahmed tube was subsequently placed to control intraocular pressure. CONCLUSION 8q21.11 microdeletion syndrome can be associated with bilateral CCS, likely related to a combination of anterior segment developmental anomalies and elevated intraocular pressure. Tectonic penetrating keratoplasty is necessary to prevent corneal perforation, together with a strict control of the intraocular pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Franco
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus, andAdult Motility, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Internazionale per la Ricerca e Formazione in Oftalmologia (IRFO), Forlì, Italy
| | - Hannah L Scanga
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus, andAdult Motility, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Charleen T Chu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ken K Nischal
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus, andAdult Motility, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yip J, Thompson KS. T-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma in a Patient With Chromosome 8q21.11 Microdeletion. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 44:e756-e759. [PMID: 34486555 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The chromosome 8q21.11 deletion syndrome is an extremely rare genetic condition characterized by facial dysmorphic features, Peters anomaly and impaired intellectual development. We report a case of a 2-year-old female with chromosome 8q21.11-q21.2 microdeletion complicated by T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Whole genome single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray detected an interstitial deletion of 8q21.11 to q.21.2, including 16 genes. Autopsy findings revealed a T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma presenting as an anterior mediastinal mass, encroaching upon the aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left carotid bifurcation and trachea. The genes that may contribute to a neoplastic process are identified (PKIA, IL7, TPD52, PAG1, and FABP5) and discussed in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Yip
- Department of Pathology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i
| | - Karen S Thompson
- Department of Pathology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i
- Clinical Laboratories of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ben Ayed I, Bouzid A, Kammoun F, Souissi A, Jallouli O, Mallouli S, Guidara S, Loukil S, Aloulou H, Jbeli F, Aouichaoui S, Abid D, Abdelhedi F, Triki C, Kamoun H, Masmoudi S. 8q21.11 microdeletion syndrome: Delineation of HEY1 as a candidate gene in neurodevelopmental and cardiac defects. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1811. [PMID: 34549899 PMCID: PMC8606210 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 8q21.11 microdeletion syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder characterized by recurrent dysmorphic features, a variable degree of intellectual disability and ocular, cardiac and hand/feet abnormalities. To date, ZFHX4 is the only candidate gene implicated in the ocular findings. In this study, we evaluated a patient with a de novo 8q21.13-21.3 deletion to define a new small region of overlap (SRO) for this entity. METHODS We conducted a clinical evaluation and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) 4x44K microarrays in a patient with de novo unbalanced translocation t(8;16)(q21; q11.2). RESULTS The case, a 6-year-old boy, presented dysmorphic features including an elongated face, brachycephaly with a high forehead, an underdeveloped ala, thin upper lip, micrognathia, low-set ears, hypotonia, mild intellectual disability, cortical atrophy with thin corpus callosum defect, and an atrial septal defect. No ocular abnormalities were found. Microarray analysis revealed a 9.6 Mb interstitial 8q21.11-21.3 deletion, not including the ZFHX4 gene. This microdeletion was confirmed in our patient through qPCR analysis, and both parents had a normal profile. Alignment analysis of our case defined a new SRO encompassing five genes. Among them, the HEY1 gene is involved in the embryonic development of the heart, central nervous system, and vascular system. Hrt1/Hey1 null mice show perinatal lethality due to congenital malformations of the aortic arch and its branch arteries. HEY1 has also been linked to the maintenance of neural stem cells, inhibition of oligodendrocyte differentiation, and myelin gene expression. CONCLUSION HEY1 is a candidate gene for both neurological and cardiac features of the 8q21.11 microdeletion syndrome and might, therefore, explain specific components of its pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikhlas Ben Ayed
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Medical Genetics Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amal Bouzid
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Kammoun
- Child Neurology Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amal Souissi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Jallouli
- Child Neurology Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Salma Mallouli
- Child Neurology Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Souhir Guidara
- Medical Genetics Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, LR33ES99, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Salma Loukil
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Aloulou
- Pediatric Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fida Jbeli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Aouichaoui
- Medical Genetics Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dorra Abid
- Cardiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Abdelhedi
- Medical Genetics Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, LR33ES99, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chahnez Triki
- Child Neurology Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Kamoun
- Medical Genetics Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, LR33ES99, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Saber Masmoudi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fontana P, Ginevrino M, Bejo K, Cantalupo G, Ciavarella M, Lombardi C, Maioli M, Scarano F, Costabile C, Novelli A, Lonardo F. A ZFHX4 mutation associated with a recognizable neuropsychological and facial phenotype. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104321. [PMID: 34461323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several patients with chromosomal deletions including ZFHX4 gene have been described, whereas point mutations are very rare. This gene encodes for a transcription factor involved in the development of several embryonal processes, including brain differentiation. Patients with 8q21.11 deletions usually show intellectual disability, short stature, peculiar facial features, and severe eye abnormalities. We describe a female patient with mild intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, strabismus, ptosis, low-set and prominent ears, high-arched palate, microretrognathia. Clinical Exome Sequencing revealed the presence of a de novo heterozygous variant in ZFHX4. Therefore, we further investigate the different phenotypes of ZFHX4 mutations and 8q21.11 deletions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fontana
- Medical Genetics Unit - P.O. Gaetano Rummo - A.O.R.N. San Pio, Benevento, BN, Italy.
| | - Monia Ginevrino
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Kristel Bejo
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Cantalupo
- Medical Genetics Unit - P.O. Gaetano Rummo - A.O.R.N. San Pio, Benevento, BN, Italy
| | - Maria Ciavarella
- Medical Genetics Unit - P.O. Gaetano Rummo - A.O.R.N. San Pio, Benevento, BN, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lombardi
- Medical Genetics Unit - P.O. Gaetano Rummo - A.O.R.N. San Pio, Benevento, BN, Italy
| | - Marianna Maioli
- Medical Genetics Unit - P.O. Gaetano Rummo - A.O.R.N. San Pio, Benevento, BN, Italy
| | - Francesca Scarano
- Medical Genetics Unit - P.O. Gaetano Rummo - A.O.R.N. San Pio, Benevento, BN, Italy
| | - Claudia Costabile
- Medical Genetics Unit - P.O. Gaetano Rummo - A.O.R.N. San Pio, Benevento, BN, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fortunato Lonardo
- Medical Genetics Unit - P.O. Gaetano Rummo - A.O.R.N. San Pio, Benevento, BN, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Happ H, Schilter KF, Weh E, Reis LM, Semina EV. 8q21.11 microdeletion in two patients with syndromic peters anomaly. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2471-5. [PMID: 27378168 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peters anomaly is a form of anterior segment dysgenesis characterized by central ocular opacity and corneo-lenticular adhesions. Isolated and syndromic Peters anomaly can be observed and demonstrate significant genetic heterogeneity. We report the identification of overlapping 8q21.11 deletions in two patients with syndromic Peters anomaly via whole exome sequencing and chromosomal microarray analyses. Microdeletions of 8q21.11 were recently reported in 10 patients with highly variable phenotypes involving craniofacial features, ptosis, intellectual disability, abnormalities of the hands/feet and other defects; sclerocornea and/or microphthalmia were reported in three cases. The two additional cases presented in this report expand the phenotypic spectrum of 8q21.11 microdeletions to include Peters anomaly (seen in both patients) and persistent primary dentition (seen in one patient with a larger deletion). The two novel deletions include the ZFHX4 and PEX2 genes, which were also affected in all three previous cases involving ocular anomalies. Screening of the remaining alleles of ZFHX4 and PEX2 did not identify any additional likely pathogenic variants in either patient, suggesting a dominant mechanism (haploinsufficiency) for the identified deletion. This report provides further insight into the phenotypes associated with 8q21.11 deletions and, for the first time, reports Peters anomaly as an additional ocular feature; screening for copy number variations of the 8q21.11 region should be considered in patients with Peters anomaly and related syndromic features. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Happ
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kala F Schilter
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Eric Weh
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Linda M Reis
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Quintela I, Barros F, Castro-Gago M, Carracedo A, Eiris J. Clinical characterization of a male patient with the recently described 8q21.11 microdeletion syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167:1369-73. [PMID: 25898976 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The 8q21.11 microdeletion syndrome (OMIM # 614230) has been recently described and is primarily characterized by intellectual disability and facial dysmorphism. We describe here a male patient of 9 years 9 months of age with moderate intellectual disability and dysmorphic facial features. A high resolution copy number variation analysis, performed with the Affymetrix Cytogenetics Whole-Genome 2.7 M SNP array, allowed the identification of a heterozygous 7.069 Mb microdeletion at chromosome 8q21.11-q21.13. Clinical comparison of our patient with literature shows many similarities. However, the whole facial appearance of our patient, especially the elongated rather than rounded face and the absence of a wide nasal bridge and epicanthal folds, confers him a phenotype similar only to a subset, but not to the majority, of the hitherto described patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Quintela
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro Nacional de Genotipado, Plataforma de Recursos Biomoleculares y Bioinformaticos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CeGen-PRB2-ISCIII), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Barros
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica-USC, CIBERER, Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica-SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Castro-Gago
- Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Unidad de Neurologia Pediatrica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro Nacional de Genotipado, Plataforma de Recursos Biomoleculares y Bioinformaticos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CeGen-PRB2-ISCIII), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Grupo de Medicina Xenomica-USC, CIBERER, Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica-SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesus Eiris
- Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Unidad de Neurologia Pediatrica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li X, Jiang M, Han W, Zhao N, Liu W, Sui Y, Lu Y, Li J. A novel TNNI2 mutation causes Freeman–Sheldon syndrome in a Chinese family with an affected adult with only facial contractures. Gene 2013; 527:630-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
9
|
Li X, Jiang M, Han W. A further heterogeneous locus contained in 8q21 for Freeman–Sheldon syndrome may be suggested by Kristin Hofmann. Eur J Med Genet 2013; 56:278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|