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Paprocka J, Coppola A, Cuccurullo C, Stawicka E, Striano P. Epilepsy, EEG and chromosomal rearrangements. Epilepsia Open 2024; 9:1192-1232. [PMID: 38837855 PMCID: PMC11296106 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal abnormalities are associated with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, one of the more commonly observed of which is epilepsy. The frequency, severity, and type of epileptic seizures vary according to the macro- and microrearrangements present. Even within a single chromosomal anomaly, we most often deal with a phenotypic spectrum. The aim of the study was to look for chromosomal rearrangements with a characteristic electroencephalographic pattern. Only a few disorders have peculiar electroclinical abnormalities: 1p36, 4p16, 6q terminal or trisomy 12p, Angelman syndrome, inv dup 15, 15q13.3 deletions, ring 20, Down syndrome, or Xp11.22-11.23 duplication. We also reviewed studies on epileptic seizures and typical electroencephalographic patterns described in certain chromosomal rearrangements, focusing on the quest for potential electroclinical biomarkers. The comprehensive review concludes with clinical presentations of the most common micro and macro chromosomal rearrangements, such as 17q21.31 microdeletion, 6q terminal deletion, 15q inv dup syndrome, 2q24.4 deletion, Xp11.22-11.23 duplication, 15q13.3 microdeletion, 1p36 terminal deletion, 5q14.3 microdeletion, and Xq28 duplication. The papers reviewed did not identify any specific interictal electroencephalographic patterns that were unique and significant biomarkers for a given chromosomal microrearrangement. The types of seizures described varied, with both generalized and focal seizures of various morphologies being reported. Patients with chromosomal anomalies may also meet the criteria for specific epileptic syndromes such as Infantile Epilepsy Spasms Syndrome (IESS, West syndrome): 16p13.11, 15q13.3 and 17q21.31 microdeletions, 5q inv dup. syndrome; Dravet syndrome (2q24.4 deletion), Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (15q11 duplication. 1q13.3, 5q inv dup.); or Self-Limited Epilepsy with Autonomic Features (SeLEAS, Panayiotopoulos syndrome: terminal deletion of 6q.n), Self-Limited Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (SeLECT): fragile X syndrome. It is essential to better characterize groups of patients to more accurately define patterns of epilepsy and EEG abnormalities. This could lead to new treatment strategies. Future research is required to better understand epileptic syndromes and chromosomal rearrangements. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: This paper presents EEG recording abnormalities in patients with various gene abnormalities that can cause epilepsy. The authors summarize these EEG variations based on a literature review to see if they occur frequently enough in other chromosomal abnormalities (in addition to those already known) to be a clue for further diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Paprocka
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Faculty of Medical SciencesMedical University of SilesiaKatowicePoland
| | - Antonietta Coppola
- Epilepsy Centre, Neurology Department of Neurology, Reproductive and OdontostomatologyFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Claudia Cuccurullo
- Epilepsy Centre, Neurology Department of Neurology, Reproductive and OdontostomatologyFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Elżbieta Stawicka
- Clinic of Paediatric NeurologyInstitute of Mother and ChildWarsawPoland
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child HealthIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenoaItaly
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child HealthUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
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2
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Liu Z, Huang YF. Deep multiple-instance learning accurately predicts gene haploinsufficiency and deletion pathogenicity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.29.555384. [PMID: 37693607 PMCID: PMC10491176 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.29.555384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Copy number losses (deletions) are a major contributor to the etiology of severe genetic disorders. Although haploinsufficient genes play a critical role in deletion pathogenicity, current methods for deletion pathogenicity prediction fail to integrate multiple lines of evidence for haploinsufficiency at the gene level, limiting their power to pinpoint deleterious deletions associated with genetic disorders. Here we introduce DosaCNV, a deep multiple-instance learning framework that, for the first time, models deletion pathogenicity jointly with gene haploinsufficiency. By integrating over 30 gene-level features potentially predictive of haploinsufficiency, DosaCNV shows unmatched performance in prioritizing pathogenic deletions associated with a broad spectrum of genetic disorders. Furthermore, DosaCNV outperforms existing methods in predicting gene haploinsufficiency even though it is not trained on known haploinsufficient genes. Finally, DosaCNV leverages a state-of-the-art technique to quantify the contributions of individual gene-level features to haploinsufficiency, allowing for human-understandable explanations of model predictions. Altogether, DosaCNV is a powerful computational tool for both fundamental and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Liu
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yi-Fei Huang
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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3
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García-Santiago FA, Martínez-Payo C, Mansilla E, Santos-Simarro F, Ruiz de Azua Ballesteros M, Mori MÁ, Antolín Alvarado E, Nieto Y, Vallcorba I, Tenorio J, Nevado J, Lapunzina P. Prenatal ultrasound findings in Koolen-de Vries foetuses: Central nervous system anomalies are frequent markers of this syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1649. [PMID: 33733630 PMCID: PMC8172212 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Prenatal diagnoses of microdeletion syndromes without ultrasound findings in the first and second trimester are always difficult. The objective of this study is to report the prenatal ultrasound findings in four foetuses diagnosed with 17q21.31 microdeletions (Koolen‐de Vries syndrome) using chromosomal microarrays (CMA). Patients and Methods We present four foetuses with 17q21.31 microdeletion. All showed CNS anomalies in the third trimester, three had ventriculomegaly, and one hypogenesis of corpus callosum at 31 weeks of pregnancy. Results Array‐SNPs and CGH‐array were performed on uncultured amniocytes and peripheral blood revealing a 17q21.31 microdeletion. Conclusions Prenatal CNS anomalies (mainly ventriculomegaly) at third trimester, in spite of isolate, should be considered a prenatal ultrasound marker of this syndrome. This kind of malformations raise the possibility of an underlying genetic conditions including 17q21.31 microdeletion; thus, CMA should be taken into consideration when offering prenatal genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fe Amalia García-Santiago
- INGEMM, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Unidad 753, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,The European Reference Network on Intellectual Disability, TeleHealth and Congenital Anomalies (ERN ITHACA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cristina Martínez-Payo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Mansilla
- INGEMM, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Unidad 753, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,The European Reference Network on Intellectual Disability, TeleHealth and Congenital Anomalies (ERN ITHACA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fernando Santos-Simarro
- INGEMM, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Unidad 753, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,The European Reference Network on Intellectual Disability, TeleHealth and Congenital Anomalies (ERN ITHACA), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - María Ángeles Mori
- INGEMM, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Unidad 753, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugenia Antolín Alvarado
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Nieto
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Vallcorba
- INGEMM, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jair Tenorio
- INGEMM, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Unidad 753, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,The European Reference Network on Intellectual Disability, TeleHealth and Congenital Anomalies (ERN ITHACA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julián Nevado
- INGEMM, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Unidad 753, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,The European Reference Network on Intellectual Disability, TeleHealth and Congenital Anomalies (ERN ITHACA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- INGEMM, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Unidad 753, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,The European Reference Network on Intellectual Disability, TeleHealth and Congenital Anomalies (ERN ITHACA), Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Velíšek L, Velíšková J. Modeling epileptic spasms during infancy: Are we heading for the treatment yet? Pharmacol Ther 2020; 212:107578. [PMID: 32417271 PMCID: PMC7299814 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infantile spasms (IS or epileptic spasms during infancy) were first described by Dr. William James West (aka West syndrome) in his own son in 1841. While rare by definition (occurring in 1 per 3200-3400 live births), IS represent a major social and treatment burden. The etiology of IS varies - there are many (>200) different known pathologies resulting in IS and still in about one third of cases there is no obvious reason. With the advancement of genetic analysis, role of certain genes (such as ARX or CDKL5 and others) in IS appears to be important. Current treatment strategies with incomplete efficacy and serious potential adverse effects include adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), corticosteroids (prednisone, prednisolone) and vigabatrin, more recently also a combination of hormones and vigabatrin. Second line treatments include pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and ketogenic diet. Additional treatment approaches use rapamycin, cannabidiol, valproic acid and other anti-seizure medications. Efficacy of these second line medications is variable but usually inferior to hormonal treatments and vigabatrin. Thus, new and effective models of this devastating condition are required for the search of additional treatment options as well as for better understanding the mechanisms of IS. Currently, eight models of IS are reviewed along with the ideas and mechanisms behind these models, drugs tested using the models and their efficacy and usefulness. Etiological variety of IS is somewhat reflected in the variety of the models. However, it seems that for finding precise personalized approaches, this variety is necessary as there is no "one-size-fits-all" approach possible for both IS in particular and epilepsy in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Velíšek
- Departments of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA; Departments of Neurology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
| | - Jana Velíšková
- Departments of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA; Departments of Neurology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA; Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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5
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Myers KA, Mandelstam SA, Ramantani G, Rushing EJ, de Vries BB, Koolen DA, Scheffer IE. The epileptology of Koolen-de Vries syndrome: Electro-clinico-radiologic findings in 31 patients. Epilepsia 2017; 58:1085-1094. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A. Myers
- Department of Medicine; Epilepsy Research Centre; The University of Melbourne, Austin Health; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
- Section of Neurology; Department of Pediatrics; Alberta Children's Hospital; Cumming School of Medicine; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Simone A. Mandelstam
- Department of Paediatrics; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
- Department of Radiology; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Georgia Ramantani
- Division of Child Neurology; University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
- Swiss Epilepsy Center; Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Bert B. de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - David A. Koolen
- Department of Human Genetics; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid E. Scheffer
- Department of Medicine; Epilepsy Research Centre; The University of Melbourne, Austin Health; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
- Department of Neurology; Royal Children's Hospital; Parkville Victoria Australia
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6
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Nascimento GR, Pinto IP, de Melo AV, da Cruz DM, Ribeiro CL, da Silva CC, da Cruz AD, Minasi LB. Molecular Characterization of Koolen De Vries Syndrome in Two Girls with Idiopathic Intellectual Disability from Central Brazil. Mol Syndromol 2017; 8:155-160. [PMID: 28588437 DOI: 10.1159/000456910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Koolen de Vries syndrome (KDVS; MIM 610443) is a genomic disorder caused by a recurrent microdeletion derived from nonallelic homologous recombination mediated by flanking segmental duplications. Clinical manifestations of this syndrome are characterized by intellectual disability, hypotonia, a friendly behavior, distinctive facial features, and epilepsy. Herein, we report a case of 2 girls who revealed global developmental delay, mild facial dysmorphisms, friendly behavior, and epileptic seizure with a de novo 17q21.31 microdeletion detected by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Conventional cytogenetics analysis by GTG-banding showed a female karyotype 46,XX for both girls. CMA revealed a microdeletion spanning approximately 500 kb in 17q21.31 in both girls, encompassing the following genes: CRHR1, MGC57346, CRHR1-IT1, MAPT-AS1, SPPL2C, MAPT, MAPT-IT1, STH, and KANSL1. Haploinsufficiency of one or more of these genes within the deleted region is the most probable cause of the probands' phenotype and is responsible for the phenotype seen in KDVS. CMA is a powerful diagnostic tool and an effective method to identify the de novo 17q21.31 microdeletion associated with KDVS in our probands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo R Nascimento
- Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Goiânia, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Irene P Pinto
- Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Goiânia, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Aldaires V de Melo
- Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Goiânia, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Damiana M da Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Cristiano L Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Goiânia, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Claudio C da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Goiânia, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Aparecido D da Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Goiânia, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Lysa B Minasi
- Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Goiânia, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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7
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17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome: Description of a case further contributing to the delineation of Koolen-de Vries syndrome. Brain Dev 2016; 38:663-8. [PMID: 26897099 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) technology has enabled the identification of several syndromes associated with copy number variants (CNVs) including the 17q21.31 microdeletion. The 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome, also known as Koolen-de Vries syndrome, was first described in 2006 in individuals with intellectual disabilities and organ abnormalities. We report the clinical, instrumental, cytogenetic and molecular investigations of a boy admitted for epilepsy and intellectual disabilities. We carried out detailed analysis of the clinical phenotype of this patient and investigated the genetic basis by using aCGH. We identified a de novo microdeletion on chromosome 17q21.31, compatible with Koolen-de Vries syndrome. Our case shares some of the typical characteristics of the syndrome already described by other authors: delayed psychomotor development, primarily affecting the expressive language, dysmorphic facial features, and epilepsy. However the clinical outcome was not severe as the intellectual disabilities were moderate with good adaptive and functional behaviour. Epilepsy was easily controlled by a single drug, and he never needed surgery for organ abnormalities.
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8
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Koolen DA, Pfundt R, Linda K, Beunders G, Veenstra-Knol HE, Conta JH, Fortuna AM, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Dugan S, Halbach S, Abdul-Rahman OA, Winesett HM, Chung WK, Dalton M, Dimova PS, Mattina T, Prescott K, Zhang HZ, Saal HM, Hehir-Kwa JY, Willemsen MH, Ockeloen CW, Jongmans MC, Van der Aa N, Failla P, Barone C, Avola E, Brooks AS, Kant SG, Gerkes EH, Firth HV, Õunap K, Bird LM, Masser-Frye D, Friedman JR, Sokunbi MA, Dixit A, Splitt M, Kukolich MK, McGaughran J, Coe BP, Flórez J, Nadif Kasri N, Brunner HG, Thompson EM, Gecz J, Romano C, Eichler EE, de Vries BBA. The Koolen-de Vries syndrome: a phenotypic comparison of patients with a 17q21.31 microdeletion versus a KANSL1 sequence variant. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:652-9. [PMID: 26306646 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Koolen-de Vries syndrome (KdVS; OMIM #610443), also known as the 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome, is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterised by (neonatal) hypotonia, developmental delay, moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic facial dysmorphism. Expressive language development is particularly impaired compared with receptive language or motor skills. Other frequently reported features include social and friendly behaviour, epilepsy, musculoskeletal anomalies, congenital heart defects, urogenital malformations, and ectodermal anomalies. The syndrome is caused by a truncating variant in the KAT8 regulatory NSL complex unit 1 (KANSL1) gene or by a 17q21.31 microdeletion encompassing KANSL1. Herein we describe a novel cohort of 45 individuals with KdVS of whom 33 have a 17q21.31 microdeletion and 12 a single-nucleotide variant (SNV) in KANSL1 (19 males, 26 females; age range 7 months to 50 years). We provide guidance about the potential pitfalls in the laboratory testing and emphasise the challenges of KANSL1 variant calling and DNA copy number analysis in the complex 17q21.31 region. Moreover, we present detailed phenotypic information, including neuropsychological features, that contribute to the broad phenotypic spectrum of the syndrome. Comparison of the phenotype of both the microdeletion and SNV patients does not show differences of clinical importance, stressing that haploinsufficiency of KANSL1 is sufficient to cause the full KdVS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Koolen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin Linda
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gea Beunders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hermine E Veenstra-Knol
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jessie H Conta
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ana Maria Fortuna
- Unidade de Genética Médica, Centro de Genética Médica Dr Jacinto Magalhães, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Sarah Dugan
- Genetics Department, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sara Halbach
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Omar A Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Petia S Dimova
- Epilepsy Center, St Ivan Rilski University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Teresa Mattina
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Genetics University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Katrina Prescott
- Clinical Genetics, Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, UK
| | - Hui Z Zhang
- Department of genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Howard M Saal
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jayne Y Hehir-Kwa
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein H Willemsen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte W Ockeloen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn C Jongmans
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pinella Failla
- Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima, Troina, Italy
| | - Concetta Barone
- Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima, Troina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Avola
- Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima, Troina, Italy
| | - Alice S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarina G Kant
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erica H Gerkes
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Helen V Firth
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge University Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lynne M Bird
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, and Divisions of Neurology and Genetics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Diane Masser-Frye
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, and Divisions of Neurology and Genetics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Friedman
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, and Divisions of Neurology and Genetics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Abhijit Dixit
- Clinical Genetics, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Miranda Splitt
- Northern Genetic Service, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Mary K Kukolich
- Clinical Genetics, Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Julie McGaughran
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bradley P Coe
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jesús Flórez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth M Thompson
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, Women's and Children's Hospital; and Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jozef Gecz
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide at the Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Corrado Romano
- Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima, Troina, Italy
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bert B A de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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9
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Moreno-Igoa M, Hernández-Charro B, Bengoa-Alonso A, Pérez-Juana-del-Casal A, Romero-Ibarra C, Nieva-Echebarria B, Ramos-Arroyo MA. KANSL1 gene disruption associated with the full clinical spectrum of 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 16:68. [PMID: 26293599 PMCID: PMC4593202 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome is a multisystem genomic disorder caused by a recurrent 600-kb-long deletion, or haploinsufficiency of the chromatin modifier gene KANSL1, which maps to that region. Patients with KANSL1 intragenic mutations have been reported to display the major clinical features of 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome. However, they did not exhibit the full clinical spectrum of this disorder, which might indicate that an additional gene or genes, located in the 17q21.31 locus, might also be involved in the syndrome's phenotype. METHODS Conventional and molecular karyotypes were performed on a female patient with intellectual disability, agenesis of the corpus callosum, heart defects, hydronephrosis, hypotonia, pigmentary skin anomalies and facial dysmorphic features. FISH analysis was conducted for chromosomal breakpoint localization. qRT-PCR was applied for the comparative gene expression of KANSL1 gene in the patient and a control group. RESULTS Herein, we present the first report of disruption and haploinsufficiency of the KANSL1 gene, secondary to a t(1;17)(q12;q21)dn chromosomal translocation in a girl that also carried a de novo ~289-kb deletion on 16p11.2. KANSL1 gene expression studies and comparative clinical analysis of patients with 17q21.31 deletions and intragenic KANSL1 gene defects indicate that KANSL1 dysfunction is associated with the full spectrum of the 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome, which includes characteristic facial features, hypotonia, intellectual disability, and structural defects of the brain, heart and genitourinary system, as well as, musculoskeletal and neuroectodermal anomalies. Moreover, we provide further evidence for the overlapping clinical phenotype of this condition with the cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome. CONCLUSIONS KANSL1 gene haploinsufficiency is necessary and sufficient to cause the full spectrum of the 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome. We hypothesize that the KANSL1 gene might have an effect on the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activity, which is known to be deregulated in the CFC syndrome. This pathway has a crucial role in the development of the heart and craniofacial morphology, as well as the skin, eye, brain and musculoskeletal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Moreno-Igoa
- Medical Genetics Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 4, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Blanca Hernández-Charro
- Medical Genetics Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 4, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Amaya Bengoa-Alonso
- Medical Genetics Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 4, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Aranzazu Pérez-Juana-del-Casal
- Medical Genetics Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 4, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Carlos Romero-Ibarra
- Paediatric-cardiology Unit, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 4, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Nieva-Echebarria
- Cellular Genetics Unit, Policlínica Gipuzkoa, Paseo Miramón 174, Donostia, 20014, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - María Antonia Ramos-Arroyo
- Medical Genetics Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 4, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
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10
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Egloff M, Encha-Razavi F, Garel C, Bonnière-Darcy M, Millischer AE, Lapierre JM, Fontaine S, de Blois MC, Vekemans M, Turleau C, Ville Y, Malan V. 17q21.31 Microdeletion: Brain Anomalies Leading to Prenatal Diagnosis. Cytogenet Genome Res 2014; 144:178-82. [DOI: 10.1159/000369117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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