1
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Coppola A, Krithika S, Iacomino M, Bobbili D, Balestrini S, Bagnasco I, Bilo L, Buti D, Casellato S, Cuccurullo C, Ferlazzo E, Leu C, Giordano L, Gobbi G, Hernandez-Hernandez L, Lench N, Martins H, Meletti S, Messana T, Nigro V, Pinelli M, Pippucci T, Bellampalli R, Salis B, Sofia V, Striano P, Striano S, Tassi L, Vignoli A, Vaudano AE, Viri M, Scheffer IE, May P, Zara F, Sisodiya SM. Dissecting genetics of spectrum of epilepsies with eyelid myoclonia by exome sequencing. Epilepsia 2024; 65:779-791. [PMID: 38088023 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia (EEM) spectrum is a generalized form of epilepsy characterized by eyelid myoclonia with or without absences, eye closure-induced seizures with electroencephalographic paroxysms, and photosensitivity. Based on the specific clinical features, age at onset, and familial occurrence, a genetic cause has been postulated. Pathogenic variants in CHD2, SYNGAP1, NEXMIF, RORB, and GABRA1 have been reported in individuals with photosensitivity and eyelid myoclonia, but whether other genes are also involved, or a single gene is uniquely linked with EEM, or its subtypes, is not yet known. We aimed to dissect the genetic etiology of EEM. METHODS We studied a cohort of 105 individuals by using whole exome sequencing. Individuals were divided into two groups: EEM- (isolated EEM) and EEM+ (EEM accompanied by intellectual disability [ID] or any other neurodevelopmental/psychiatric disorder). RESULTS We identified nine variants classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic in the entire cohort (8.57%); among these, eight (five in CHD2, one in NEXMIF, one in SYNGAP1, and one in TRIM8) were found in the EEM+ subcohort (28.57%). Only one variant (IFIH1) was found in the EEM- subcohort (1.29%); however, because the phenotype of the proband did not fit with published data, additional evidence is needed before considering IFIH1 variants and EEM- an established association. Burden analysis did not identify any single burdened gene or gene set. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that for EEM, as for many other epilepsies, the identification of a genetic cause is more likely with comorbid ID and/or other neurodevelopmental disorders. Pathogenic variants were mostly found in CHD2, and the association of CHD2 with EEM+ can now be considered a reasonable gene-disease association. We provide further evidence to strengthen the association of EEM+ with NEXMIF and SYNGAP1. Possible new associations between EEM+ and TRIM8, and EEM- and IFIH1, are also reported. Although we provide robust evidence for gene variants associated with EEM+, the core genetic etiology of EEM- remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Coppola
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - S Krithika
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dheeraj Bobbili
- Bioinformatics Core, Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Simona Balestrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, UK
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital-University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Bagnasco
- Division of Child Neuropsychiatry, Martini Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Leonilda Bilo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Buti
- Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital-University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Susanna Casellato
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudia Cuccurullo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Ferlazzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Regional Epilepsy Center, Great Metropolitan Hospital, Bianchi-Melacrino Morelli, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Costin Leu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Stanley Center of Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lucio Giordano
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gobbi
- Child Neurology Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Hernandez-Hernandez
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, UK
| | - Nick Lench
- MRC Nucleic Acid Therapy Accelerator, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, UK
| | - Helena Martins
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, UK
| | - Stefano Meletti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Tullio Messana
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Pippucci
- Computational Genomics Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ravishankara Bellampalli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, UK
| | - Barbara Salis
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Vito Sofia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia," Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Striano
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Tassi
- "Claudio Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Aglaia Vignoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Elisabetta Vaudano
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Viri
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, AOU Maggiore della Carità Novara, Novara, Italy
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Epilepsy Research Center, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick May
- Bioinformatics Core, Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Federico Zara
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, UK
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2
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Feng W, Fang F, Wang X, Chen C, Lu J, Deng J. Clinical analysis of
CHD2
gene mutations in pediatric patients with epilepsy. Pediatr Investig 2022; 6:93-99. [PMID: 35774528 PMCID: PMC9218986 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Feng
- Department of Neurology Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Neurology Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Chunhong Chen
- Department of Neurology Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Junlan Lu
- Department of Neurology Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Neurology Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health Beijing China
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3
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Juriaans AF, Kerkhof GF, Hokken-Koelega ACS. The Spectrum of the Prader-Willi-like Pheno- and Genotype: A Review of the Literature. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:1-18. [PMID: 34460908 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic syndrome, caused by the loss of expression of the paternal chromosome 15q11-q13 region. Over the past years, many cases of patients with characteristics similar to PWS, but without a typical genetic aberration of the 15q11-q13 region, have been described. These patients are often labelled as Prader-Willi-like (PWL). PWL is an as-yet poorly defined syndrome, potentially affecting a significant number of children and adults. In the current clinical practice, patients labelled as PWL are mostly left without treatment options. Considering the similarities with PWS, children with PWL might benefit from the same care and treatment as children with PWS. This review gives more insight into the pheno- and genotype of PWL and includes 86 papers, containing 368 cases of patients with a PWL phenotype. We describe mutations and aberrations for consideration when suspicion of PWS remains after negative testing. The most common genetic diagnoses were Temple syndrome (formerly known as maternal uniparental disomy 14), Schaaf-Yang syndrome (truncating mutation in the MAGEL2 gene), 1p36 deletion, 2p deletion, 6q deletion, 6q duplication, 15q deletion, 15q duplication, 19p deletion, fragile X syndrome, and Xq duplication. We found that the most prevalent symptoms in the entire group were developmental delay/intellectual disability (76%), speech problems (64%), overweight/obesity (57%), hypotonia (56%), and psychobehavioral problems (53%). In addition, we propose a diagnostic approach to patients with a PWL phenotype for (pediatric) endocrinologists. PWL comprises a complex and diverse group of patients, which calls for multidisciplinary care with an individualized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia F Juriaans
- National Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Prader-Willi-like, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Dutch Growth Research Foundation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerthe F Kerkhof
- National Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Prader-Willi-like, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Anita C S Hokken-Koelega
- National Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Prader-Willi-like, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Dutch Growth Research Foundation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Lv X, Xu J, Jiang J, Wu P, Tan R, Wang B. Genetic animal models of scoliosis: A systematical review. Bone 2021; 152:116075. [PMID: 34174503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Scoliosis is a complex disease with undetermined pathogenesis and has a strong relationship with genetics. Models of scoliosis in animals have been established for better comprehending its pathogenesis and treatment. In this review, we searched all the genetic animal models with body curvature in databases, and reviewed the related genes and scoliosis types. Meanwhile, we also summarized the pathogenesis of scoliosis reported so far. Summarizing the positive phenotypic animal models contributes to a better understanding on the pathogenesis of scoliosis and facilitates the selection of experimental models when a possible pathogenic factor is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiajiong Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Renchun Tan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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De Maria B, Balestrini S, Mei D, Melani F, Pellacani S, Pisano T, Rosati A, Scaturro GM, Giordano L, Cantalupo G, Fontana E, Zammarchi C, Said E, Leuzzi V, Mastrangelo M, Galosi S, Parrini E, Guerrini R. Expanding the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of CHD2-related disease: From early neurodevelopmental disorders to adult-onset epilepsy. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:522-533. [PMID: 34713950 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CHD2 encodes the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 2, an ATP-dependent enzyme that acts as a chromatin remodeler. CHD2 pathogenic variants have been associated with various early onset phenotypes including developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, self-limiting or pharmacoresponsive epilepsies and neurodevelopmental disorders without epilepsy. We reviewed 84 previously reported patients carrying 76 different CHD2 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants and describe 18 unreported patients carrying 12 novel pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, two recurrent likely pathogenic variants (in two patients each), three previously reported pathogenic variants, one gross deletion. We also describe a novel phenotype of adult-onset pharmacoresistant epilepsy, associated with a novel CHD2 missense likely pathogenic variant, located in an interdomain region. A combined review of previously published and our own observations indicates that although most patients (72.5%) carry truncating CHD2 pathogenic variants, CHD2-related phenotypes encompass a wide spectrum of conditions with developmental delay/intellectual disability (ID), including prominent language impairment, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder. Epilepsy is present in 92% of patients with a median age at seizure onset of 2 years and 6 months. Generalized epilepsy types are prevalent and account for 75.5% of all epilepsies, with photosensitivity being a common feature and adult-onset nonsyndromic epilepsy a rare presentation. No clear genotype-phenotype correlation has emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice De Maria
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Balestrini
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Gerrard Cross, UK
| | - Davide Mei
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Melani
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Pellacani
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pisano
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Rosati
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giusi M Scaturro
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucio Giordano
- Paediatric Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Spedali Civili Children's Hospital, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cantalupo
- Child Neuropsychiatry Section, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, UOC Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy.,Center for Research on Epilepsies in Pediatric age (CREP), Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Fontana
- Child Neuropsychiatry Section, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, UOC Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Zammarchi
- Paediatric Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Infermi Hospital, Rimini, Italy
| | - Edith Said
- Section of Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Mastrangelo
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Galosi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Parrini
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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6
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Benbouchta Y, De Leeuw N, Amasdl S, Sbiti A, Smeets D, Sadki K, Sefiani A. 15q26 deletion in a patient with congenital heart defect, growth restriction and intellectual disability: case report and literature review. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:188. [PMID: 34530895 PMCID: PMC8447573 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 15q26 deletion is a relatively rare chromosomal disorder, and it is described only in few cases. Patients with this aberration show many signs and symptoms, particularly pre- and postnatal growth restriction, developmental delay, microcephaly, intellectual disability and various congenital malformations. Case presentation We report on a girl, 4 years old, of consanguineous parents, with a 15q26 deletion. Clinical manifestations included failure to thrive, developmental delay, microcephaly, dysmorphic facies with broad forehead, hypertelorism, narrowed eyelid slits and protruding columella. The patient also showed skeletal abnormalities, especially clinodactyly of the 5th finger, varus equine right foot and left club foot. Additionally, she had teething delay and divergent strabismus. Heart ultrasound displayed two atrial septal defects with left-to-right shunt, enlarging the right cavities. Routine cytogenetic analysis revealed a shortened 15q chromosome. Subsequent array analysis disclosed a terminal 9.15 Mb deletion at subband 15q26.1-q26.3. Four candidate genes associated with 15q26 deletion phenotype were within the deleted region, i.e. IGF1R, NR2F2, CHD2 and MEF2A. Conclusion We report on an additional case of 15q26 monosomy, characterized by array-CGH. Molecular cytogenetic analysis allowed us to identify the exact size of the deletion, and four candidate genes for genotype-phenotype correlation. 15q26 monosomy should be considered when growth retardation is associated with hearing anomalies and congenital heart defect, especially atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs) and/or aortic arch anomaly (AAA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Benbouchta
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Health, Rabat, Morocco. .,Laboratory of Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Nicole De Leeuw
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Saadia Amasdl
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Aziza Sbiti
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Dominique Smeets
- Research Team in Genomics and Molecular Epidemiology of Genetic Diseases, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Medical School and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Sadki
- Laboratory of Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Sefiani
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Health, Rabat, Morocco.,Research Team in Genomics and Molecular Epidemiology of Genetic Diseases, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Medical School and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
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7
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Wilson MM, Henshall DC, Byrne SM, Brennan GP. CHD2-Related CNS Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E588. [PMID: 33435571 PMCID: PMC7827033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epileptic encephalopathies (EE) are severe epilepsy syndromes characterized by multiple seizure types, developmental delay and even regression. This class of disorders are increasingly being identified as resulting from de novo genetic mutations including many identified mutations in the family of chromodomain helicase DNA binding (CHD) proteins. In particular, several de novo pathogenic mutations have been identified in the gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 2 (CHD2), a member of the sucrose nonfermenting (SNF-2) protein family of epigenetic regulators. These mutations in the CHD2 gene are causative of early onset epileptic encephalopathy, abnormal brain function, and intellectual disability. Our understanding of the mechanisms by which modification or loss of CHD2 cause this condition remains poorly understood. Here, we review what is known and still to be elucidated as regards the structure and function of CHD2 and how its dysregulation leads to a highly variable range of phenotypic presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Michel Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 02, Ireland; (M.-M.W.); (D.C.H.)
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, RCSI, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland;
| | - David C. Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 02, Ireland; (M.-M.W.); (D.C.H.)
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, RCSI, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland;
| | - Susan M. Byrne
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, RCSI, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland;
- Department of Paediatrics, RCSI, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 02, Ireland
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Our Ladies Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Gary P. Brennan
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, RCSI, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland;
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 04, Ireland
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8
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Chen J, Zhang J, Liu A, Zhang L, Li H, Zeng Q, Yang Z, Yang X, Wu X, Zhang Y. CHD2-related epilepsy: novel mutations and new phenotypes. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:647-653. [PMID: 31677157 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this report was to refine the genotypes and phenotypes of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 2 (CHD2)-related epilepsy. Seventeen patients with CHD2 mutations were enrolled. CHD2 mutations were identified by application of next-generation sequencing of epilepsy or whole exome sequencing. Sixteen mutations were identified, among which 15 have not yet been reported. Thirteen mutations were de novo. Age at seizure onset ranged from 3 months to 10 years 5 months. Seizures observed were generalized tonic-clonic, myoclonic, atonic, atypical absence, focal, and myoclonic-atonic. Epileptic spasms occurred in two patients. Developmental disability was present in 14 patients. Autism features were observed in seven patients. Video electroencephalogram was abnormal in 15 patients. Five patients were diagnosed with non-specific epileptic encephalopathy, two with epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures, two with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, two with febrile seizures plus, and one with West syndrome. Seizures were controlled in nine patients. Q1392TfsX17 may be a hot-spot mutation of CHD2. West syndrome was observed as a new phenotype of CHD2 mutation. The severity of the phenotypes of CHD2 mutations ranged from mild febrile seizures to severe epileptic encephalopathy. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Q1392TfsX17 maybe the hot-spot mutation of CHD2. West syndrome could be a new phenotype of CHD2 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aijie Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixian Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiru Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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9
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G-quadruplexes in the BAP1 promoter positively regulate its expression. Exp Cell Res 2018; 369:147-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Lamar KMJ, Carvill GL. Chromatin Remodeling Proteins in Epilepsy: Lessons From CHD2-Associated Epilepsy. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:208. [PMID: 29962935 PMCID: PMC6013553 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) family of proteins are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that contribute to the reorganization of chromatin structure and deposition of histone variants necessary to regulate gene expression. CHD proteins play an important role in neurodevelopment, as pathogenic variants in CHD1, CHD2, CHD4, CHD7 and CHD8 have been associated with a range of neurological phenotypes, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID) and epilepsy. Pathogenic variants in CHD2 are associated with developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) in humans, however little is known about how these variants contribute to this disorder. Of the nine CHD family members, CHD2 is the only one that leads to a brain-restricted phenotype when disrupted in humans. This suggests that despite being expressed ubiquitously, CHD2 has a unique role in human brain development and function. In this review, we will discuss the phenotypic spectrum of patients with pathogenic variants in CHD2, current animal models of CHD2 deficiency, and the role of CHD2 in proliferation, neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, chromatin remodeling and DNA-repair. We also consider how CHD2 depletion can affect each of these biological mechanisms and how these defects may underpin neurodevelopmental disorders including epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay-Marie J Lamar
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gemma L Carvill
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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11
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Thygesen JH, Wolfe K, McQuillin A, Viñas-Jornet M, Baena N, Brison N, D'Haenens G, Esteba-Castillo S, Gabau E, Ribas-Vidal N, Ruiz A, Vermeesch J, Weyts E, Novell R, Buggenhout GV, Strydom A, Bass N, Guitart M, Vogels A. Neurodevelopmental risk copy number variants in adults with intellectual disabilities and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Br J Psychiatry 2018; 212:287-294. [PMID: 29693535 PMCID: PMC7083594 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2017.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy number variants (CNVs) are established risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders. To date the study of CNVs in psychiatric illness has focused on single disorder populations. The role of CNVs in individuals with intellectual disabilities and psychiatric comorbidities are less well characterised.AimsTo determine the type and frequency of CNVs in adults with intellectual disabilities and comorbid psychiatric disorders. METHOD A chromosomal microarray analysis of 599 adults recruited from intellectual disabilities psychiatry services at three European sites. RESULTS The yield of pathogenic CNVs was high - 13%. Focusing on established neurodevelopmental disorder risk loci we find a significantly higher frequency in individuals with intellectual disabilities and comorbid psychiatric disorder (10%) compared with healthy controls (1.2%, P<0.0001), schizophrenia (3.1%, P<0.0001) and intellectual disability/autism spectrum disorder (6.5%, P < 0.00084) populations. CONCLUSIONS In the largest sample of adults with intellectual disabilities and comorbid psychiatric disorders to date, we find a high rate of pathogenic CNVs. This has clinical implications for the use of genetic investigations in intellectual disability psychiatry.Declaration of interestNone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Wolfe
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Marina Viñas-Jornet
- Genetics Laboratory, UDIAT-Centre Diagnostic, Hospital de Sabadell, Parc Taulí, Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Neus Baena
- Genetics Laboratory, UDIAT-Centre Diagnostic, Hospital de Sabadell, Parc Taulí, Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Nathalie Brison
- Department of Human Genetics, Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Susanna Esteba-Castillo
- Mental Health and Intellectual Disability Specialized Service, Institut Assistència Sanitària (IAS), Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Gabau
- Genetics Laboratory, UDIAT-Centre Diagnostic, Hospital de Sabadell, Parc Taulí, Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Núria Ribas-Vidal
- Mental Health and Intellectual Disability Specialized Service, Institut Assistència Sanitària (IAS), Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz
- Genetics Laboratory, UDIAT-Centre Diagnostic, Hospital de Sabadell, Parc Taulí, Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Joris Vermeesch
- Department of Human Genetics, Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eddy Weyts
- St Camillus Psychiatric Hospital, Bierbeek, Belgium
| | - Ramon Novell
- Mental Health and Intellectual Disability Specialized Service, Institut Assistència Sanitària (IAS), Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona, Spain
| | - Griet Van Buggenhout
- Department of Human Genetics, Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - André Strydom
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London and Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Nick Bass
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Miriam Guitart
- Genetics Laboratory, UDIAT-Centre Diagnostic, Hospital de Sabadell, Parc Taulí, Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Annick Vogels
- Department of Human Genetics, Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Correspondence: Annick Vogels, Department of Human Genetics, Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, O&N I Herestraat 49 - Box 602, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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D’Angelo CS, Varela MC, de Castro CIE, Otto PA, Perez ABA, Lourenço CM, Kim CA, Bertola DR, Kok F, Garcia-Alonso L, Koiffmann CP. Chromosomal microarray analysis in the genetic evaluation of 279 patients with syndromic obesity. Mol Cytogenet 2018; 11:14. [PMID: 29441128 PMCID: PMC5800070 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-018-0363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syndromic obesity is an umbrella term used to describe cases where obesity occurs with additional phenotypes. It often arises as part of a distinct genetic syndrome with Prader-Willi syndrome being a classical example. These rare forms of obesity provide a unique source for identifying obesity-related genetic changes. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) has allowed the characterization of new genetic forms of syndromic obesity, which are due to copy number variants (CNVs); however, CMA in large cohorts requires more study. The aim of this study was to characterize the CNVs detected by CMA in 279 patients with a syndromic obesity phenotype. RESULTS Pathogenic CNVs were detected in 61 patients (22%) and, among them, 35 had overlapping/recurrent CNVs. Genomic imbalance disorders known to cause syndromic obesity were found in 8.2% of cases, most commonly deletions of 1p36, 2q37 and 17p11.2 (5.4%), and we also detected deletions at 1p21.3, 2p25.3, 6q16, 9q34, 16p11.2 distal and proximal, as well as an unbalanced translocation resulting in duplication of the GNB3 gene responsible for a syndromic for of childhood obesity. Deletions of 9p terminal and 22q11.2 proximal/distal were found in 1% and 3% of cases, respectively. They thus emerge as being new putative obesity-susceptibility loci. We found additional CNVs in our study that overlapped with CNVs previously reported in cases of syndromic obesity, including a new case of 13q34 deletion (CHAMP1), bringing to 7 the number of patients in whom such defects have been described in association with obesity. Our findings implicate many genes previously associated with obesity (e.g. PTBP2, TMEM18, MYT1L, POU3F2, SIM1, SH2B1), and also identified other potentially relevant candidates including TAS1R3, ALOX5AP, and GAS6. CONCLUSION Understanding the genetics of obesity has proven difficult, and considerable insight has been obtained from the study of genomic disorders with obesity associated as part of the phenotype. In our study, CNVs known to be causal for syndromic obesity were detected in 8.2% of patients, but we provide evidence for a genetic basis of obesity in as many as 14% of cases. Overall, our results underscore the genetic heterogeneity in syndromic forms of obesity, which imposes a substantial challenge for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sustek D’Angelo
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CELL), Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao no 277, Cidade Universitaria-Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090 Brazil
| | - Monica Castro Varela
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CELL), Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao no 277, Cidade Universitaria-Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090 Brazil
| | - Claudia Irene Emílio de Castro
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CELL), Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao no 277, Cidade Universitaria-Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090 Brazil
| | - Paulo Alberto Otto
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CELL), Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao no 277, Cidade Universitaria-Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090 Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Alvarez Perez
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Charles Marques Lourenço
- Neurogenetics Unit, Clinics Hospital of Ribeirao Preto, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, FMRP-USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Chong Ae Kim
- Genetic Unit, Children’s Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Debora Romeo Bertola
- Genetic Unit, Children’s Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Fernando Kok
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Luis Garcia-Alonso
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Celia Priszkulnik Koiffmann
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CELL), Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao no 277, Cidade Universitaria-Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090 Brazil
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13
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Kaur Y, de Souza RJ, Gibson WT, Meyre D. A systematic review of genetic syndromes with obesity. Obes Rev 2017; 18:603-634. [PMID: 28346723 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Syndromic monogenic obesity typically follows Mendelian patterns of inheritance and involves the co-presentation of other characteristics, such as mental retardation, dysmorphic features and organ-specific abnormalities. Previous reviews on obesity have reported 20 to 30 syndromes but no systematic review has yet been conducted on syndromic obesity. We searched seven databases using terms such as 'obesity', 'syndrome' and 'gene' to conduct a systematic review of literature on syndromic obesity. Our literature search identified 13,719 references. After abstract and full-text review, 119 relevant papers were eligible, and 42 papers were identified through additional searches. Our analysis of these 161 papers found that 79 obesity syndromes have been reported in literature. Of the 79 syndromes, 19 have been fully genetically elucidated, 11 have been partially elucidated, 27 have been mapped to a chromosomal region and for the remaining 22, neither the gene(s) nor the chromosomal location(s) have yet been identified. Interestingly, 54.4% of the syndromes have not been assigned a name, whereas 13.9% have more than one name. We report on organizational inconsistencies (e.g. naming discrepancies and syndrome classification) and provide suggestions for improvements. Overall, this review illustrates the need for increased clinical and genetic research on syndromes with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kaur
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - R J de Souza
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - W T Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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14
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Verhoeven WM, Egger JI, Knegt AC, Zuydam J, Kleefstra T. Absence epilepsy and the CHD2 gene: an adolescent male with moderate intellectual disability, short-lasting psychoses, and an interstitial deletion in 15q26.1-q26.2. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:1135-9. [PMID: 27274247 PMCID: PMC4869798 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s102272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions of the 15q26 region encompassing the chromodomain helicase DNA binding domain 2 (CHD2) gene have been associated with intellectual disability, behavioral problems, and several types of epilepsy. Including the cases mentioned in ECARUCA (European cytogeneticists association register of unbalanced chromosome aberrations) and DECIPHER (database of genomic variation and phenotype in humans using ensembl resources), so far, a total of 13 intellectually disabled patients with a genetically proven deletion of the CHD2 gene are described, of whom eleven had a history of severe forms of epilepsy starting from a young age. In this article, a moderately intellectually disabled 15-year-old male with a 15q26.1-q26.2 interstitial deletion is reported, who was referred for analysis of two recent short-lasting psychotic episodes that were nonresponsive to antipsychotic treatment and recurrent disinhibited behaviors since early infancy. Careful interdisciplinary assessment revealed that the psychotic phenomena originated from a previously unrecognized absence epilepsy. Treatment with valproic acid was started which resulted in full remission of psychotic symptoms, and consequently, substantial improvement of behavior. It was concluded that in case of (rare) developmental disorders with genetically proven etiology, a detailed inventory of anamnestic data and description of symptomatology over time may elucidate epilepsy-related psychopathology for which a specific treatment regimen is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Ma Verhoeven
- Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Im Egger
- Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alida C Knegt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José Zuydam
- Reigersdaal Institute for Intellectual Disabilities, Heerhugowaard, the Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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15
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Trivisano M, Striano P, Sartorelli J, Giordano L, Traverso M, Accorsi P, Cappelletti S, Claps DJ, Vigevano F, Zara F, Specchio N. CHD2 mutations are a rare cause of generalized epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 51:53-6. [PMID: 26262932 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 2 (CHD2) gene mutations have been reported in patients with myoclonic-atonic epilepsy (MAE), as well as in patients with Lennox-Gastaut, Dravet, and Jeavons syndromes and other epileptic encephalopathies featuring generalized epilepsy and intellectual disability. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of CHD2 mutations in a series of patients with MAE. Twenty patients affected by MAE were included in the study. We analyzed antecedents, age at onset, seizure semiology and frequency, EEG, treatment, and neuropsychological outcome. We sequenced the CHD2 gene with Sanger technology. We identified a CHD2 frameshift mutation in one patient (c.4256del19). He was a 17-year-old boy with no familial history for epilepsy and normal development before epilepsy onset. Epilepsy onset was at 3years and 5months: he presented with myoclonic-atonic seizures, head drops, myoclonic jerks, and absences. Interictal EEGs revealed slow background activity associated with generalized epileptiform abnormalities and photoparoxysmal response. His seizures were highly responsive to valproic acid, and an attempt to withdraw it led to seizure recurrence. Neuropsychological evaluation revealed moderate intellectual disability. Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 2 is not the major gene associated with MAE. Conversely, CHD2 could be responsible for a proper phenotype characterized by infantile-onset generalized epilepsy, intellectual disability, and photosensitivity, which might overlap with MAE, Lennox-Gastaut, Dravet, and Jeavons syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Trivisano
- Neurology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Jacopo Sartorelli
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucio Giordano
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Monica Traverso
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Accorsi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Federico Vigevano
- Neurology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Neurology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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16
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Liu JC, Ferreira CG, Yusufzai T. Human CHD2 is a chromatin assembly ATPase regulated by its chromo- and DNA-binding domains. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:25-34. [PMID: 25384982 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.609156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 2 (CHD2) is an ATPase and a member of the SNF2-like family of helicase-related enzymes. Although deletions of CHD2 have been linked to developmental defects in mice and epileptic disorders in humans, little is known about its biochemical and cellular activities. In this study, we investigate the ATP-dependent activity of CHD2 and show that CHD2 catalyzes the assembly of chromatin into periodic arrays. We also show that the N-terminal region of CHD2, which contains tandem chromodomains, serves an auto-inhibitory role in both the DNA-binding and ATPase activities of CHD2. While loss of the N-terminal region leads to enhanced chromatin-stimulated ATPase activity, the N-terminal region is required for ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling by CHD2. In contrast, the C-terminal region, which contains a putative DNA-binding domain, selectively senses double-stranded DNA of at least 40 base pairs in length and enhances the ATPase and chromatin remodeling activities of CHD2. Our study shows that the accessory domains of CHD2 play central roles in both regulating the ATPase domain and conferring selectivity to chromatin substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Liu
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 and Graduate Program: Molecules, Cells, and Organisms, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Catarina G Ferreira
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 and
| | - Timur Yusufzai
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 and
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