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Yue F, Hao M, Jiang D, Liu R, Zhang H. Prenatal phenotypes and pregnancy outcomes of fetuses with 16p11.2 microdeletion/microduplication. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:494. [PMID: 39039444 PMCID: PMC11265082 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal 16p11.2 deletions and duplications are genomic disorders which are characterized by neurobehavioral abnormalities, obesity, congenital abnormalities. However, the prenatal phenotypes associated with 16p11.2 copy number variations (CNVs) have not been well characterized. This study aimed to provide an elaborate summary of intrauterine phenotypic features for these genomic disorders. METHODS Twenty prenatal amniotic fluid samples diagnosed with 16p11.2 microdeletions/microduplications were obtained from pregnant women who opted for invasive prenatal testing. Karyotypic analysis and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) were performed in parallel. The pregnancy outcomes and health conditions of all cases after birth were followed up. Meanwhile, we made a pooled analysis of the prenatal phenotypes in the published cases carrying 16p11.2 CNVs. RESULTS 20 fetuses (20/20,884, 0.10%) with 16p11.2 CNVs were identified: five had 16p11.2 BP2-BP3 deletions, 10 had 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 deletions and five had 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 duplications. Abnormal ultrasound findings were recorded in ten fetuses with 16p11.2 deletions, with various degrees of intrauterine phenotypic features observed. No ultrasound abnormalities were observed in any of the 16p11.2 duplications cases during the pregnancy period. Eleven cases with 16p11.2 deletions terminated their pregnancies. For 16p11.2 duplications, four cases gave birth to healthy neonates except for one case that was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Diverse prenatal phenotypes, ranging from normal to abnormal, were observed in cases with 16p11.2 CNVs. For 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 deletions, abnormalities of the vertebral column or ribs and thickened nuchal translucency were the most common structural and non-structural abnormalities, respectively. 16p11.2 BP2-BP3 deletions might be closely associated with fetal growth restriction and single umbilical artery. No characteristic ultrasound findings for 16p11.2 duplications have been observed to date. Given the variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance of 16p11.2 CNVs, long-term follow-up after birth should be conducted for these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fagui Yue
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mengzhe Hao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ruizhi Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Comprehensive Genetic Evaluation of Bulgarian Children with Syndromic Craniosynostosis. Balkan J Med Genet 2022; 25:19-24. [PMID: 36880037 PMCID: PMC9985352 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndromic craniosynostosis (SC) is a genetically determined premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures, which may result in severe dysmorphism, increased intracranial pressure along with many other clinical manifestations. The considerable risk of complications along with their significant incidence makes these cranial deformations an important medical problem. Aiming to elucidate the complex genetic etiology of syndromic craniosynostosis, we investigated 39 children, screened systematically with a combination of conventional cytogenetic analysis, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and array-based comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH). Pathological findings were established in 15.3% (6/39) of the cases using aCGH, in 7.7% (3/39) using MLPA and 2.5% (1/39) using conventional karyotyping. About 12.8% (5/39) of the patients with normal karyotype carried submicroscopic chromosomal rearrangements. Duplications were found to be more common than deletions. Conclusion: The systematic genetic evaluation of children with SC revealed a high prevalence of submicrosopic chromosomal rearrangements (most commonly duplications). This suggests the leading role of those defects in the pathogenesis of syndromic craniosynostosis. The genetic complexity of SC was reaffirmed by the dis Bulgaria covery of pathological findings in various chromosomal regions. Certain genes were discussed in conjunction with craniosynostosis.
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Yue F, Xi Q, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Liu R. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of 16p11.2 microdeletions with diverse prenatal phenotypes: Four cases report and literature review. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 61:544-550. [PMID: 35595456 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chromosome 16p11.2 deletions have been recognized as a genetic disorder with well-described postnatal phenotypes. However, the prenatal manifestations are atypical for lacking of enough evidence. CASE REPORT Four pregnant women underwent amniocentesis for cytogenetic analysis and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) because of various indications for prenatal diagnosis: prenatal ultrasound abnormalities (cases 1, 2 and 4) and the childbearing history of cerebral palsy child (case 3). No overlapping phenotypes were observed in cases 1, 2 and 4, which might indicate phenotypic diversities in prenatal phenotypes for 16p11.2 microdeletion. All four fetuses showed normal karyotypic results while CMA identified 0.303-0.916 Mb microdeletions of 16p11.2, encompassing BP2-BP3 and BP4-BP5 regions separately. According to the parental CMA verification, case 1 carried a maternal inherited duplication in the region of Xp22.33 and a de novo deletion in the region of Xp21.1. All parents opted for the termination of pregnancies based upon genetic counselling. CONCLUSION Our findings enriched the intrauterine phenotypic features of 16p11.2 microdeletions, which would be beneficial for genetic counselling in clinic. In addition, preimplantation genetic testing was recognized as a first-tier approach for such carriers if they intended to conceive again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fagui Yue
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qi Xi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ruizhi Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Ji X, Pan Q, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhou J, Liu A, Qiao F, Ma D, Hu P, Xu Z. Prenatal Diagnosis of Recurrent Distal 1q21.1 Duplication in Three Fetuses With Ultrasound Anomalies. Front Genet 2018; 9:275. [PMID: 30177949 PMCID: PMC6109635 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The phenotype of duplication of 1q21.1 region is variable, ranging from macrocephaly, autism spectrum disorder, congenital anomalies, to a normal phenotype. Few cases have been reported in the literature regarding prenatal diagnosis of 1q21.1 duplication syndrome. The current study presents prenatal diagnosis of 1q21.1 duplication syndrome in three fetuses with ultrasound anomalies. Case presentation: Three fetuses from three unrelated families were included in the study. The prenatal routine ultrasound examination showed nasal bone loss in Fetus 1 and Fetus 3, as well as duodenal atresia in Fetus 2. Chromosomal microarray analysis was performed to provide genetic analysis of amniotic fluid and parental blood samples. The CMA results revealed two de novo duplications of 1.34 and 2.69 Mb at distal 1q21.1 region in two fetuses with absent nasal bone, as well as a maternal inherited 1.35-Mb duplication at distal 1q21.1 in one fetus with duodenal atresia. Conclusions: The phenotype of 1q21.1 duplication syndrome in prenatal diagnosis is variable. The fetuses with nasal bone loss or duodenal atresia may be related to 1q21.1 duplication and chromosomal microarray analysis should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiong Pan
- Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huaian, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - An Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengchang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Dingyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Mei C, Fedorenko E, Amor DJ, Boys A, Hoeflin C, Carew P, Burgess T, Fisher SE, Morgan AT. Deep phenotyping of speech and language skills in individuals with 16p11.2 deletion. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:676-686. [PMID: 29445122 PMCID: PMC5945616 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent deletions of a ~600-kb region of 16p11.2 have been associated with a highly penetrant form of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Yet prior findings have been based on a small, potentially biased sample using retrospectively collected data. We examine the prevalence of CAS in a larger cohort of individuals with 16p11.2 deletion using a prospectively designed assessment battery. The broader speech and language phenotype associated with carrying this deletion was also examined. 55 participants with 16p11.2 deletion (47 children, 8 adults) underwent deep phenotyping to test for the presence of CAS and other speech and language diagnoses. Standardized tests of oral motor functioning, speech production, language, and non-verbal IQ were conducted. The majority of children (77%) and half of adults (50%) met criteria for CAS. Other speech outcomes were observed including articulation or phonological errors (i.e., phonetic and cognitive-linguistic errors, respectively), dysarthria (i.e., neuromuscular speech disorder), minimal verbal output, and even typical speech in some. Receptive and expressive language impairment was present in 73% and 70% of children, respectively. Co-occurring neurodevelopmental conditions (e.g., autism) and non-verbal IQ did not correlate with the presence of CAS. Findings indicate that CAS is highly prevalent in children with 16p11.2 deletion with symptoms persisting into adulthood for many. Yet CAS occurs in the context of a broader speech and language profile and other neurobehavioral deficits. Further research will elucidate specific genetic and neural pathways leading to speech and language deficits in individuals with 16p11.2 deletions, resulting in more targeted speech therapies addressing etiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mei
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Evelina Fedorenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Amor
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amber Boys
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caitlyn Hoeflin
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter Carew
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Trent Burgess
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Angela T Morgan
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Lin S, Shi S, Zhou Y, Ji Y, Huang P, Wu J, Chen B, Luo Y. Intrauterine phenotypic features associated with 16p11.2 recurrent microdeletions. Prenat Diagn 2018. [PMID: 29514395 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the detection rate of 16p11.2 recurrent microdeletions in fetuses with abnormal ultrasound findings and determine the common abnormal ultrasound findings in fetuses carrying the deletion. METHODS This study reviewed 2262 consecutive fetuses with abnormal ultrasound findings who underwent prenatal chromosomal microarray analysis between October 2014 and December 2016. Cases carrying the 16p11.2 recurrent microdeletion were further genetically analyzed, and their clinical features were reviewed. RESULTS The 16p11.2 recurrent microdeletion was identified in 12 fetuses, who had skeletal malformations (5/12), cardiovascular malformations (4/12), or isolated ultrasound markers (3/12). Approximately 0.5% (12/2262) of the fetuses with abnormal ultrasound findings harbored the deletion. The 5 fetuses with skeletal malformations displayed vertebral defects, particularly in the hemivertebra and butterfly vertebra. The detection rate of the 16p11.2 recurrent microdeletion was statistically significant (P < .05) among fetuses with skeletal malformations (3.6%, 5/140), fetuses with cardiovascular malformations (1.1%, 4/367), and fetuses with isolated ultrasound markers (0.4%, 3/702). CONCLUSION The most frequent ultrasound findings in fetuses with 16p11.2 recurrent microdeletions are skeletal malformations (particularly vertebral malformations), followed by cardiovascular malformations, and isolated ultrasound markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Lin
- Fetal Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Fetal Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Fetal Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjun Ji
- Fetal Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Peizhi Huang
- Fetal Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhu Wu
- Fetal Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojiang Chen
- Fetal Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Luo
- Fetal Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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