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Lai B, Jiang H, Gao Y, Zhou X. Skeletal ciliopathy: pathogenesis and related signaling pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:811-823. [PMID: 37188988 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are tiny organelles with conserved structures and components in eukaryotic cells. Ciliopathy is a set of diseases resulting from cilium dysfunction classified into first-order and second-order ciliopathy. With the advancement of clinical diagnosis and radiography, numerous skeletal phenotypes, including polydactyly, short limbs, short ribs, scoliosis, a narrow thorax, and numerous anomalies in bone and cartilage, have been discovered in ciliopathies. Mutation in genes encoding cilia core components or other cilia-related molecules have been found in skeletal ciliopathies. Meanwhile, various signaling pathways associated with cilia and skeleton development have been deemed to be significant for the occurrence and progression of diseases. Herein, we review the structure and key components of the cilium and summarize several skeletal ciliopathies with their presumable pathology. We also emphasize the signaling pathways involved in skeletal ciliopathies, which may assist in developing potential therapies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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2
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Sapao P, Roberson EDO, Shi B, Assassi S, Skaug B, Lee F, Naba A, Perez White BE, Córdova-Fletes C, Tsou PS, Sawalha AH, Gudjonsson JE, Ma F, Verma P, Bhattacharyya D, Carns M, Strauss JF, Sicard D, Tschumperlin DJ, Champer MI, Campagnola PJ, Teves ME, Varga J. Reduced SPAG17 Expression in Systemic Sclerosis Triggers Myofibroblast Transition and Drives Fibrosis. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:284-293. [PMID: 36116512 PMCID: PMC10097410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a clinically heterogeneous fibrotic disease with no effective treatment. Myofibroblasts are responsible for unresolving synchronous skin and internal organ fibrosis in SSc, but the drivers of sustained myofibroblast activation remain poorly understood. Using unbiased transcriptome analysis of skin biopsies, we identified the downregulation of SPAG17 in multiple independent cohorts of patients with SSc, and by orthogonal approaches, we observed a significant negative correlation between SPAG17 and fibrotic gene expression. Fibroblasts and endothelial cells explanted from SSc skin biopsies showed reduced chromatin accessibility at the SPAG17 locus. Remarkably, mice lacking Spag17 showed spontaneous skin fibrosis with increased dermal thickness, collagen deposition and stiffness, and altered collagen fiber alignment. Knockdown of SPAG17 in human and mouse fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells was accompanied by spontaneous myofibroblast transformation and markedly heightened sensitivity to profibrotic stimuli. These responses were accompanied by constitutive TGF-β pathway activation. Thus, we discovered impaired expression of SPAG17 in SSc and identified, to our knowledge, a previously unreported cell-intrinsic role for SPAG17 in the negative regulation of fibrotic responses. These findings shed fresh light on the pathogenesis of SSc and may inform the search for innovative therapies for SSc and other fibrotic conditions through SPAG17 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulene Sapao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Elisha D O Roberson
- Division of Rheumatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bo Shi
- Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ilinois, USA
| | - Shervin Assassi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brian Skaug
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fred Lee
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ilinois, USA
| | - Alexandra Naba
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ilinois, USA
| | - Bethany E Perez White
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ilinois, USA
| | - Carlos Córdova-Fletes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Pei-Suen Tsou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; The UPMC Lupus Center of Excellence, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dibyendu Bhattacharyya
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mary Carns
- Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ilinois, USA
| | - Jerome F Strauss
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Delphine Sicard
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minesota, USA
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minesota, USA
| | - Melissa I Champer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wincosin, USA
| | - Paul J Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wincosin, USA
| | - Maria E Teves
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
| | - John Varga
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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3
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Roberson ED, Carns M, Cao L, Aren K, Goldberg IA, Morales-Heil DJ, Korman BD, Atkinson JP, Varga J. Alterations of the Primary Cilia Gene SPAG17 and SOX9 Locus Noncoding RNAs Identified by RNA-Sequencing Analysis in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:108-119. [PMID: 35762854 PMCID: PMC10445493 DOI: 10.1002/art.42281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by immune activation, vasculopathy, and unresolving fibrosis in the skin, lungs, and other organs. We performed RNA-sequencing analysis on skin biopsy samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SSc patients and unaffected controls to better understand the pathogenesis of SSc. METHODS We analyzed these data 1) to test for case/control differences and 2) to identify genes whose expression levels correlate with SSc severity as measured by local skin score, modified Rodnan skin thickness score (MRSS), forced vital capacity (FVC), or diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco). RESULTS We found that PBMCs from SSc patients showed a strong type I interferon signature. This signal was found to be replicated in the skin, with additional signals for increased extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, classical complement pathway activation, and the presence of B cells. Notably, we observed a marked decrease in the expression of SPAG17, a cilia component, in SSc skin. We identified genes that correlated with the MRSS, DLco, and FVC in SSc PBMCs and skin using weighted gene coexpression network analysis. These genes were largely distinct from the case/control differentially expressed genes. In PBMCs, type I interferon signatures negatively correlated with the DLco. In SSc skin, ECM gene expression positively correlated with the MRSS. Network analysis of SSc skin genes that correlated with clinical features identified the noncoding RNAs SOX9-AS1 and ROCR, both near the SOX9 locus, as highly connected, "hub-like" genes in the network. CONCLUSION These results identify noncoding RNAs and SPAG17 as novel factors potentially implicated in the pathogenesis of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisha D.O. Roberson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary Carns
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen Aren
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Isaac A. Goldberg
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David J. Morales-Heil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Korman
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John P. Atkinson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Varga
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Sensenbrenner syndrome: a further challenge in evaluating sagittal synostosis and a need for a multidisciplinary approach. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:1695-1701. [PMID: 33606107 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensenbrenner syndrome, also known as cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED), is a genetically heterogeneous ciliopathy, characterized by dysmorphic features including dolichocephaly (with inconstant sagittal craniosynostosis), chronic kidney disease (CKD), hepatic fibrosis, retinitis pigmentosa, and brain abnormalities, with a partial clinical overlap with other ciliopathies. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective review of four children with Sensenbrenner syndrome treated at the Femme Mère Enfant University Hospital of Lyon from 2005 to 2020 was conducted. RESULTS Variants in WDR35 or WDR19 were found in all children. Two of them underwent surgery for a scaphocephaly in the first months of life. All patients developed CKD leading to end-stage renal disease during the first/second decades. DISCUSSION The diagnosis of scaphocephaly may precede the diagnosis of the underlying Sensenbrenner syndrome, thus highlighting the importance of a systematic multidisciplinary assessment and follow-up for craniosynostoses, in order to identify syndromic forms requiring specific management. In Sensenbrenner syndrome, patients' management should be coordinated by multidisciplinary teams of reference centers for rare diseases, with expertise in the management of craniofacial malformations as well as rare skeletal and renal disorders. Indeed, a prompt etiological diagnosis will result in an early diagnosis of multisystemic complications, notably renal involvement, thus improving global prognosis.
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Walczak-Sztulpa J, Wawrocka A, Stańczyk M, Pesz K, Dudarewicz L, Chrul S, Bukowska-Olech E, Wieczorek-Cichecka N, Arts HH, Oud MM, Śmigiel R, Grenda R, Obersztyn E, Chrzanowska KH, Latos-Bieleńska A. Interfamilial clinical variability in four Polish families with cranioectodermal dysplasia and identical compound heterozygous variants in WDR35. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1195-1203. [PMID: 33421337 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder primarily characterized by craniofacial, skeletal, and ectodermal abnormalities. CED is a chondrodysplasia, which is part of a spectrum of clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases that result from disruptions in cilia. Pathogenic variants in genes encoding components of the ciliary transport machinery are known to cause CED. Intra- and interfamilial clinical variability has been reported in a few CED studies and the findings of this study align with these observations. Here, we report on five CED patients from four Polish families with identical compound heterozygous variants [c.1922T>G p.(Leu641Ter) and c.2522A>T; p.(Asp841Val)] in WDR35. The frequent occurrence of both identified changes in Polish CED families suggests that these variants may be founder mutations. Clinical evaluation of the CED patients revealed interfamilial clinical variability among the patients. This includes differences in skeletal and ectodermal features as well as variability in development, progression, and severity of renal and liver insufficiency. This is the first report showing significant interfamilial clinical variability in a series of CED patients from unrelated families with identical compound heterozygous variants in WDR35. Our findings strongly indicate that other genetic and non-genetic factors may modulate the progression and expression of the patients' phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Wawrocka
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Stańczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Pesz
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lech Dudarewicz
- Department of Genetics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomir Chrul
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | - Heleen H Arts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,IWK Health Centre, Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Machteld M Oud
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Śmigiel
- Division of Pediatrics and Rare Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Grenda
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation and Hypertension, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Obersztyn
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna H Chrzanowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Latos-Bieleńska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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6
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Abdelhamed Z, Lukacs M, Cindric S, Ali S, Omran H, Stottmann RW. A novel hypomorphic allele of Spag17 causes primary ciliary dyskinesia phenotypes in mice. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm045344. [PMID: 32988999 PMCID: PMC7648611 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.045344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a human condition of dysfunctional motile cilia characterized by recurrent lung infection, infertility, organ laterality defects and partially penetrant hydrocephalus. We recovered a mouse mutant from a forward genetic screen that developed many of the hallmark phenotypes of PCD. Whole-exome sequencing identified this primary ciliary dyskinesia only (Pcdo) allele to be a nonsense mutation (c.5236A>T) in the Spag17 coding sequence creating a premature stop codon (K1746*). The Pcdo variant abolished several isoforms of SPAG17 in the Pcdo mutant testis but not in the brain. Our data indicate differential requirements for SPAG17 in different types of motile cilia. SPAG17 is essential for proper development of the sperm flagellum and is required for either development or stability of the C1 microtubule structure within the central pair apparatus of the respiratory motile cilia, but not the brain ependymal cilia. We identified changes in ependymal ciliary beating frequency, but these did not appear to alter lateral ventricle cerebrospinal fluid flow. Aqueductal stenosis resulted in significantly slower and abnormally directed cerebrospinal fluid flow, and we suggest that this is the root cause of the hydrocephalus. The Spag17Pcdo homozygous mutant mice are generally viable to adulthood but have a significantly shortened lifespan, with chronic morbidity. Our data indicate that the c.5236A>T Pcdo variant is a hypomorphic allele of Spag17 that causes phenotypes related to motile, but not primary, cilia. Spag17Pcdo is a useful new model for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying central pair PCD pathogenesis in the mouse.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Abdelhamed
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine (Girl's Section), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Marshall Lukacs
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sandra Cindric
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Saima Ali
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rolf W Stottmann
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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7
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Zhang X, Zhang S, Tang Q, Jiang E, Wang K, Lan X, Pan C. Goat sperm associated antigen 17 protein gene (SPAG17): Small and large fragment genetic variation detection, association analysis, and mRNA expression in gonads. Genomics 2020; 112:5115-5121. [PMID: 32949683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptome sequencing analyses have suggested that sperm associated antigen 17 protein gene (SPAG17) may play important regulating roles in litter size. In this study, the expression profiles and genetic variations of the SPAG17 were studied in Shaanbei White Cashmere (SBWC) goats (n=1567). SPAG17 was highly expressed in testis and ovary of SBWC goats. At different developmental stages, it also continued to be highly expressed in testis. In addition, two variations of SPAG17, one indel locus and one copy number variation locus, were significantly associated with first-born litter size. Joint analysis results suggested that two polymorphic loci of the SPAG17 gene may regulate host gene expression in goat ovary and testis. Overall, the results indicated the important role of SPAG17 in the reproductive process of goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sihuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Enhui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chuanying Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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8
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Walczak-Sztulpa J, Wawrocka A, Leszczynska B, Mikulska B, Arts HH, Bukowska-Olech E, Daniel M, Krawczynski MR, Latos-Bielenska A, Obersztyn E. Prenatal genetic diagnosis of cranioectodermal dysplasia in a Polish family with compound heterozygous variants in WDR35. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2417-2425. [PMID: 32804427 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The ciliary chondrodysplasias represent a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders that affect skeleton development. Cilia are organelles that project from the surface of many cell types and play an important role during prenatal and postnatal human development. Cranioectodermal dysplasia (Sensenbrenner syndrome, CED) is a ciliopathy primarily characterized by craniofacial, skeletal, and ectodermal abnormalities. To date six genes have been associated with CED: IFT122, WDR35, WDR19, IFT140, IFT43, and IFT52. Prenatal diagnosis of CED is challenging, and genetic testing can facilitate making a correct diagnosis. Here, we report on a family with two male siblings affected by CED: a 3.5 year-old patient and his 2 year-old brother. Molecular analysis of the proband at 1 year of age revealed compound heterozygous variants in WDR35: c.3G>A [p.(Met1-Ala30delinsMetfsTer4)] and c.2522A>T [p.(Asp841Val)]. Ultrasound examination during the second pregnancy revealed an increased nuchal translucency of 4.5 mm and a hypoplastic nasal bone at 12 weeks of gestation. Prenatal diagnostic testing was offered because of an increased risk for chromosomal abnormalities and recurrence risk for CED. Prenatal genetic analysis of a chorionic villus sample detected the WDR35 variants previously identified in the elder brother. This is the first report of a prenatal genetic diagnosis in CED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Wawrocka
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Leszczynska
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Boyana Mikulska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Heleen H Arts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,IWK Health Centre, Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Maria Daniel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej R Krawczynski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Latos-Bielenska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Obersztyn
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Ascari G, Peelman F, Farinelli P, Rosseel T, Lambrechts N, Wunderlich KA, Wagner M, Nikopoulos K, Martens P, Balikova I, Derycke L, Holtappels G, Krysko O, Van Laethem T, De Jaegere S, Guillemyn B, De Rycke R, De Bleecker J, Creytens D, Van Dorpe J, Gerris J, Bachert C, Neuhofer C, Walraedt S, Bischoff A, Pedersen LB, Klopstock T, Rivolta C, Leroy BP, De Baere E, Coppieters F. Functional characterization of the first missense variant in CEP78, a founder allele associated with cone-rod dystrophy, hearing loss, and reduced male fertility. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:998-1011. [PMID: 31999394 PMCID: PMC7187288 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inactivating variants in the centrosomal CEP78 gene have been found in cone-rod dystrophy with hearing loss (CRDHL), a particular phenotype distinct from Usher syndrome. Here, we identified and functionally characterized the first CEP78 missense variant c.449T>C, p.(Leu150Ser) in three CRDHL families. The variant was found in a biallelic state in two Belgian families and in a compound heterozygous state-in trans with c.1462-1G>T-in a third German family. Haplotype reconstruction showed a founder effect. Homology modeling revealed a detrimental effect of p.(Leu150Ser) on protein stability, which was corroborated in patients' fibroblasts. Elongated primary cilia without clear ultrastructural abnormalities in sperm or nasal brushes suggest impaired cilia assembly. Two affected males from different families displayed sperm abnormalities causing infertility. One of these is a heterozygous carrier of a complex allele in SPAG17, a ciliary gene previously associated with autosomal recessive male infertility. Taken together, our data indicate that a missense founder allele in CEP78 underlies the same sensorineural CRDHL phenotype previously associated with inactivating variants. Interestingly, the CEP78 phenotype has been possibly expanded with male infertility. Finally, CEP78 loss-of-function variants may have an underestimated role in misdiagnosed Usher syndrome, with or without sperm abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ascari
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Peelman
- Department of Medical Protein Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pietro Farinelli
- Department of Computational Biology, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Toon Rosseel
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nina Lambrechts
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kirsten A Wunderlich
- Department of Computational Biology, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Physiological Genomics, BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg, Germany
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Nikopoulos
- Oncogenomics laboratory, Department of Hematology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pernille Martens
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irina Balikova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lara Derycke
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gabriële Holtappels
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olga Krysko
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thalia Van Laethem
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Jaegere
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brecht Guillemyn
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology and Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research and BioImaging Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan De Bleecker
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Creytens
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Dorpe
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Gerris
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christiane Neuhofer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sophie Walraedt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Almut Bischoff
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lotte B Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Department of Computational Biology, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Clinical Research Center, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Bart P Leroy
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Division of Ophthalmology and Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elfride De Baere
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frauke Coppieters
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Two Insertion/Deletion Variants within SPAG17 Gene Are Associated with Goat Body Measurement Traits. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9060379. [PMID: 31234269 PMCID: PMC6616450 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sperm-associated antigen 17 (SPAG17) is a reproduction and skeletal development related gene. This study aimed to identify crucial insertion-deletion (indel) variations, which influence the body measurement traits of goats. Two intronic indels (14 bp and 17 bp indels) were identified by sequencing. In Shaanbei white cashmere goat (SBWC), the different genotypes of the 14 bp indel were markedly associated with goat body height, chest width, body length, and chest depth. The genotypes of the 17 bp indel were significantly associated with body height and chest width. The different combined genotypes were significantly associated with body height and chest width of SBWC and ten traits of Hainan black goat. These results suggested that the 14 and 17 bp indels within SPAG17 can be used in goat growth related traits marker-assisted selection breeding, especially body height. Abstract Sperm-associated antigen 17 (SPAG17) gene encodes a multifunctional cytoplasmic protein, which influences not only reproduction but also skeletal development related body measurement traits, especially body height. Thus, this study aimed to identify crucial insertion-deletion (indel) variations, which influence the body measurement traits of goats in large goat populations (n = 1725). As a result, two intronic indels (14 bp and 17 bp indel) were identified by sequencing. For the two indel loci, the distributions of genotypes and alleles were significantly different between the Shaanbei white cashmere goat (SBWC) and the Hainan black goat (HNBG). In SBWC goats, the different genotypes of the 14 bp indel were markedly associated with goat body height, chest width, body length and chest depth. The genotypes of the 17 bp indel were significantly related to body height and chest width. At the two loci, for all seven analyzed traits of SBWC goat, the growth data of DD homozygotes were the worst, which means that the 14 bp insertion and the 17 bp deletion were beneficial and detrimental variations, respectively. Moreover, the combined genotypes were significantly related to body height and chest width of SBWC goats and ten traits of HNBG. These results suggested that the 14 and 17 bp indels within SPAG17 can be used in goat growth related traits marker-assisted selection breeding, especially body height.
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11
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SPAG17 Is Required for Male Germ Cell Differentiation and Fertility. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041252. [PMID: 29690537 PMCID: PMC5979577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spag17 encodes a protein present in the axoneme central pair complex of motile cilia and flagella. A mutation in this gene has been reported to be associated with infertility caused by defects in sperm motility. Here, we report that Spag17 knockout mice are infertile because of a severe defect in spermatogenesis. The histological evaluation of testis sections from mutant mice revealed seminiferous tubules with spermatogenesis arrested at the spermatid stage and cell debris in the cauda epididymis. The few sperm collected from the cauda epididymis were immotile and displayed abnormal tail and head morphology. Immunofluorescence analysis of Spag17 knockout germ cells showed spermatids with abnormally long manchette structures and morphological defects in the head. Electron microscopy showed altered manchette microtubules, reduced chromatin condensation, irregular nuclear shape, and detached acrosomes. Additionally, the transport of proteins (Pcdp1 and IFT20) along the manchette microtubules was disrupted in the knockout elongating spermatids. Our results show for the first time that Spag17 is essential for normal manchette structure, protein transport, and formation of the sperm head and flagellum, in addition to its role in sperm motility.
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