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Thompson MD. Innovations in Phenotyping and Diagnostics Create Opportunities for Improved Treatment and Genetic Counseling for Rare Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:715. [PMID: 38927651 PMCID: PMC11203049 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic counseling and treatment options for rare developmental disabilities (DDs) have been revolutionized by the opportunities made possible by using massively parallel sequencing for diagnostic purposes [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Thompson
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
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2
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Thompson MD, Knaus A. Rare Genetic Developmental Disabilities: Mabry Syndrome (MIM 239300) Index Cases and Glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:619. [PMID: 38790248 PMCID: PMC11121671 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The case report by Mabry et al. (1970) of a family with four children with elevated tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase, seizures and profound developmental disability, became the basis for phenotyping children with the features that became known as Mabry syndrome. Aside from improvements in the services available to patients and families, however, the diagnosis and treatment of this, and many other developmental disabilities, did not change significantly until the advent of massively parallel sequencing. As more patients with features of the Mabry syndrome were identified, exome and genome sequencing were used to identify the glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis disorders (GPIBDs) as a group of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Biallelic variants of the phosphatidylinositol glycan (PIG) biosynthesis, type V (PIGV) gene identified in Mabry syndrome became evidence of the first in a phenotypic series that is numbered HPMRS1-6 in the order of discovery. HPMRS1 [MIM: 239300] is the phenotype resulting from inheritance of biallelic PIGV variants. Similarly, HPMRS2 (MIM 614749), HPMRS5 (MIM 616025) and HPMRS6 (MIM 616809) result from disruption of the PIGO, PIGW and PIGY genes expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum. By contrast, HPMRS3 (MIM 614207) and HPMRS4 (MIM 615716) result from disruption of post attachment to proteins PGAP2 (HPMRS3) and PGAP3 (HPMRS4). The GPI biosynthesis disorders (GPIBDs) are currently numbered GPIBD1-21. Working with Dr. Mabry, in 2020, we were able to use improved laboratory diagnostics to complete the molecular diagnosis of patients he had originally described in 1970. We identified biallelic variants of the PGAP2 gene in the first reported HPMRS patients. We discuss the longevity of the Mabry syndrome index patients in the context of the utility of pyridoxine treatment of seizures and evidence for putative glycolipid storage in patients with HPMRS3. From the perspective of the laboratory innovations made that enabled the identification of the HPMRS phenotype in Dr. Mabry's patients, the need for treatment innovations that will benefit patients and families affected by developmental disabilities is clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D. Thompson
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Alexej Knaus
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
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Saracino A, Totaro M, Politano D, DE Giorgis V, Gana S, Papalia G, Pichiecchio A, Plumari M, Rognone E, Varesio C, Orcesi S. PGAP2-Related Hyperphosphatasia-Mental Retardation Syndrome: Report of a Novel Patient, Toward a Broadening of Phenotypic Spectrum and Therapeutic Perspectives. Neuropediatrics 2024; 55:129-134. [PMID: 38365198 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
PGAP2 gene has been known to be the cause of "hyperphosphatasia, mental retardation syndrome-3" (HPMRS3). To date, 14 pathogenic variants in PGAP2 have been identified as the cause of this syndrome in 24 patients described in single-case reports or small clinical series with pan-ethnic distribution. We aim to present a pediatric PGAP2-mutated case, intending to further expand the clinical phenotype of the syndrome and to report our experience on a therapeutic approach to drug-resistant epilepsy.We present the clinical, neuroradiological, and genetic characterization of a Caucasian pediatric subject with biallelic pathogenic variants in the PGAP2 gene revealed by next generation sequencing analysis.We identified a subject who presented with global developmental delay and visual impairment. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed mild hypoplasia of the inferior cerebellar vermis and corpus callosum and mild white matter reduction. Laboratory investigations detected an increase in alkaline phosphatase. At the age of 13 months, he began to present epileptic focal seizures with impaired awareness, which did not respond to various antiseizure medications. Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed progressive background activity disorganization and multifocal epileptic abnormalities. Treatment with high-dose pyridoxine showed partial benefit, but the persistence of seizures and the lack of EEG amelioration prompted us to introduce ketogenic diet treatment.Our case provides a further phenotypical expansion of HPMRS3 to include developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Due to the limited number of patients reported so far, the full delineation of the clinical spectrum of HPMRS3 and indications for precision medicine would benefit from the description of new cases and their follow-up evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Saracino
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Member of ERN-Epicare, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina Totaro
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Member of ERN-Epicare, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Politano
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Member of ERN-Epicare, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina DE Giorgis
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Member of ERN-Epicare, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Gana
- Neurogenetics Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Grazia Papalia
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Member of ERN-Epicare, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Pichiecchio
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Neuroradiology Department, Advanced Imaging and Radiomics Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Plumari
- Neurogenetics Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Rognone
- Neuroradiology Department, Advanced Imaging and Radiomics Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Costanza Varesio
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Member of ERN-Epicare, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Orcesi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Member of ERN-Epicare, Pavia, Italy
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Li D. Structure and Function of the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Transamidase, a Transmembrane Complex Catalyzing GPI Anchoring of Proteins. Subcell Biochem 2024; 104:425-458. [PMID: 38963495 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58843-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells. GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) play critical roles in enzymatic, signaling, regulatory, and adhesion processes. Over 20 enzymes are involved in GPI synthesis, attachment to client proteins, and remodeling after attachment. The GPI transamidase (GPI-T), a large complex located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, catalyzes the attachment step by replacing a C-terminal signal peptide of proproteins with GPI. In the last three decades, extensive research has been conducted on the mechanism of the transamidation reaction, the components of the GPI-T complex, the role of each subunit, and the substrate specificity. Two recent studies have reported the three-dimensional architecture of GPI-T, which represent the first structures of the pathway. The structures provide detailed mechanisms for assembly that rationalizes previous biochemical results and subunit-dependent stability data. While the structural data confirm the catalytic role of PIGK, which likely uses a caspase-like mechanism to cleave the proproteins, they suggest that unlike previously proposed, GPAA1 is not a catalytic subunit. The structures also reveal a shared cavity for GPI binding. Somewhat unexpectedly, PIGT, a single-pass membrane protein, plays a crucial role in GPI recognition. Consistent with the assembly mechanisms and the active site architecture, most of the disease mutations occur near the active site or the subunit interfaces. Finally, the catalytic dyad is located ~22 Å away from the membrane interface of the GPI-binding site, and this architecture may confer substrate specificity through topological matching between the substrates and the elongated active site. The research conducted thus far sheds light on the intricate processes involved in GPI anchoring and paves the way for further mechanistic studies of GPI-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianfan Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.
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Thompson MD, Li X, Spencer-Manzon M, Andrade DM, Murakami Y, Kinoshita T, Carpenter TO. Excluding Digenic Inheritance of PGAP2 and PGAP3 Variants in Mabry Syndrome (OMIM 239300) Patient: Phenotypic Spectrum Associated with PGAP2 Gene Variants in Hyperphosphatasia with Mental Retardation Syndrome-3 (HPMRS3). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020359. [PMID: 36833286 PMCID: PMC9957281 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a case report of a child with features of hyperphosphatasia with neurologic deficit (HPMRS) or Mabry syndrome (MIM 239300) with variants of unknown significance in two post-GPI attachments to proteins genes, PGAP2 and PGAP3, that underlie HPMRS 3 and 4. BACKGROUND In addition to HPMRS 3 and 4, disruption of four phosphatidylinositol glycan (PIG) biosynthesis genes, PIGV, PIGO, PIGW and PIGY, result in HPMRS 1, 2, 5 and 6, respectively. METHODS Targeted exome panel sequencing identified homozygous variants of unknown significance (VUS) in PGAP2 c:284A>G and PGAP3 c:259G>A. To assay the pathogenicity of these variants, we conducted a rescue assay in PGAP2 and PGAP3 deficient CHO cell lines. RESULTS Using a strong (pME) promoter, the PGAP2 variant did not rescue activity in CHO cells and the protein was not detected. Flow cytometric analysis showed that CD59 and CD55 expression on the PGAP2 deficient cell line was not restored by variant PGAP2. By contrast, activity of the PGAP3 variant was similar to wild-type. CONCLUSIONS For this patient with Mabry syndrome, the phenotype is likely to be predominantly HPMRS3: resulting from autosomal recessive inheritance of NM_001256240.2 PGAP2 c:284A>G, p.Tyr95Cys. We discuss strategies for establishing evidence for putative digenic inheritance in GPI deficiency disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D. Thompson
- Adult Genetic Epilepsy (AGE) Program, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, ON M5T, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.D.T.); (T.O.C.)
| | - Xueying Li
- Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-Oka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Danielle M. Andrade
- Adult Genetic Epilepsy (AGE) Program, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, ON M5T, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada
| | | | | | - Thomas O. Carpenter
- Yale Pediatrics (Endocrinology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06521, USA
- Correspondence: (M.D.T.); (T.O.C.)
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6
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Messina M, Manea E, Cullup T, Tuschl K, Batzios S. Hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome 3: Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities and correction with pyridoxine and Folinic acid. JIMD Rep 2023; 64:42-52. [PMID: 36636587 PMCID: PMC9830023 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins (GPI-APs) represent a class of molecules attached to the external leaflet of the plasma membrane by the GPI anchor where they play important roles in numerous cellular processes including neurogenesis, cell adhesion, immune response and signalling. Within the group of GPI anchor defects, six present with the clinical phenotype of Hyperphosphatasia with Mental Retardation Syndrome (HPMRS, Mabry Syndrome) characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, hypotonia, seizures and persistent hyperphosphatasia. We report the case of a 5-year-old female with global developmental delay associated with precocious puberty and persistently raised plasma alkaline phosphatase. Targeted next generation sequencing analysis of the HPMRS genes identified novel compound heterozygous variants in the PGAP2 gene (c.103del p.(Leu35Serfs*90)and c.134A > Gp.(His45Arg)) consistent with the diagnosis of HPMRS type 3. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurotransmitter analysis showed low levels of pyridoxal phosphate and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and raised homovanillic acid. Supplementation with pyridoxine and folinic acid led to normalization of biochemical abnormalities. The patient continues to make developmental progress with significant improvement in speech and fine motor skills. Our reported case expands the clinical spectrum of HPMRS3 in which multisystem involvement is being increasingly recognized. Furthermore, it shows that miss-targeting GPI-APs and the effect on normal cellular function could provide a physiopathologic explanation for the CSF biochemical abnormalities with management implications for a group of disorders that currently has no treatment that can lead possibly to improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Messina
- Metabolic Medicine DepartmentGreat Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUK
| | - Emanuela Manea
- Metabolic Medicine DepartmentGreat Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUK
| | - Thomas Cullup
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory HubGreat Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUK
| | - Karin Tuschl
- Metabolic Medicine DepartmentGreat Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUK
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for ChildrenLondonUK
| | - Spyros Batzios
- Metabolic Medicine DepartmentGreat Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUK
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Chandra PK, Cikic S, Baddoo MC, Rutkai I, Guidry JJ, Flemington EK, Katakam PV, Busija DW. Transcriptome analysis reveals sexual disparities in gene expression in rat brain microvessels. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2311-2328. [PMID: 33715494 PMCID: PMC8392780 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x21999553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sex is an important determinant of brain microvessels (MVs) function and susceptibility to cerebrovascular and neurological diseases, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. Using high throughput RNA sequencing analysis, we examined differentially expressed (DE) genes in brain MVs from young, male, and female rats. Bioinformatics analysis of the 23,786 identified genes indicates that 298 (1.2%) genes were DE using False Discovery Rate criteria (FDR; p < 0.05), of which 119 (40%) and 179 (60%) genes were abundantly expressed in male and female MVs, respectively. Nucleic acid binding, enzyme modulator, and transcription factor were the top three DE genes, which were more highly expressed in male than female MVs. Synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), biosynthesis of GPI-anchored proteins, steroid and cholesterol synthesis, were the top three significantly enriched canonical pathways in male MVs. In contrast, respiratory chain, ribosome, and 3 ́-UTR-mediated translational regulation were the top three enriched canonical pathways in female MVs. Different gene functions of MVs were validated by proteomic analysis and western blotting. Our novel findings reveal major sex disparities in gene expression and canonical pathways of MVs and these differences provide a foundation to study the underlying mechanisms and consequences of sex-dependent differences in cerebrovascular and other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha K Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sinisa Cikic
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Melody C Baddoo
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ibolya Rutkai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jessie J Guidry
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Erik K Flemington
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Prasad Vg Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David W Busija
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Jezela-Stanek A, Szczepanik E, Mierzewska H, Rydzanicz M, Rutkowska K, Knaus A, Śmigiel R, Stępniak I, Markiewicz MG, Boniel S, Krawitz P, Płoski R. Evidence of the milder phenotypic spectrum of c.1582G>A PIGT variant: Delineation based on seven novel Polish patients. Clin Genet 2021; 98:468-476. [PMID: 32725661 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PIGT is one of over 29 glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect genes. Mutations cause genetically determined disorders characterized mainly by epilepsy with fever-sensitivity, central hypotonia, psychomotor delay and congenital malformations. The disease is known as multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 3 (MCAHS3) or glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect-7. Twenty-eight cases have been reported until today. We present seven novel Polish patients, all harboring 1582G>A variant in a homozygous or compound heterozygous state which seems to cause a milder phenotype of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Szczepanik
- Clinic of Pediatric Neurology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Mierzewska
- Clinic of Pediatric Neurology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Rutkowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexej Knaus
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Śmigiel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division Pediatric Propedeutics and Rare Disorders, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Stępniak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał G Markiewicz
- First Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Snir Boniel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter Krawitz
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Okuda T, Yonekawa T, Murakami Y, Kinoshita T, Ito T, Matsushita K, Koike Y, Inoue M, Uchida K, Yodoya N, Ohashi H, Sawada H, Iwamoto S, Mitani Y, Hirayama M.
PIGO
variants in a boy with features of Mabry syndrome who also exhibits Fryns syndrome with peripheral neuropathy. Am J Med Genet A 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Okuda
- Department of Pediatrics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Takahiro Yonekawa
- Department of Pediatrics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center Osaka University Osaka Japan
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center Osaka University Osaka Japan
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Department of Pediatrics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Kohei Matsushita
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Yuhki Koike
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Mikihiro Inoue
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Keiichi Uchida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Noriko Yodoya
- Department of Pediatrics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohashi
- Department of Pediatrics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawada
- Department of Pediatrics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Shotaro Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatrics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Yoshihide Mitani
- Department of Pediatrics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirayama
- Department of Pediatrics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
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Androgen receptor and its splice variant, AR-V7, differentially induce mRNA splicing in prostate cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1393. [PMID: 33446905 PMCID: PMC7809134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is dependent on the androgen receptor (AR). Advanced PCa is treated with an androgen deprivation therapy-based regimen; tumors develop resistance, although they typically remain AR-dependent. Expression of constitutively active AR variants lacking the ligand-binding domain including the variant AR-V7 contributes to this resistance. AR and AR-V7, as transcription factors, regulate many of the same genes, but also have unique activities. In this study, the capacity of the two AR isoforms to regulate splicing was examined. RNA-seq data from models that endogenously express AR and express AR-V7 in response to doxycycline were used. Both AR isoforms induced multiple changes in splicing and many changes were isoform-specific. Analyses of two endogenous genes, PGAP2 and TPD52, were performed to examine differential splicing. A novel exon that appears to be a novel transcription start site was preferentially induced by AR-V7 in PGAP2 although it is induced to a lesser extent by AR. The previously described AR induced promoter 2 usage that results in a novel protein derived from TPD52 (PrLZ) was not induced by AR-V7. AR, but not AR-V7, bound to a site proximal to promoter 2, and induction was found to depend on FOXA1.
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