1
|
Alimohammadi M, Rahimzadeh P, Khorrami R, Bonyadi M, Daneshi S, Nabavi N, Raesi R, Farani MR, Dehkhoda F, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M. A comprehensive review of the PTEN/PI3K/Akt axis in multiple myeloma: From molecular interactions to potential therapeutic targets. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155401. [PMID: 38936094 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways contribute to the development of several cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM). PTEN is a tumor suppressor that influences the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which in turn impacts vital cellular processes like growth, survival, and treatment resistance. The current study aims to present the role of PTEN and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in the development of MM and its response to treatment. In addition, the molecular interactions in MM that underpin the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and address potential implications for the development of successful treatment plans are also discussed in detail. We investigate their relationship to both upstream and downstream regulators, highlighting new developments in combined therapies that target the PTEN/PI3K/Akt axis to overcome drug resistance, including the use of PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. We also emphasize that PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway elements may be used in MM diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Payman Rahimzadeh
- Surgical Research Society (SRS), Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mojtaba Bonyadi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Salman Daneshi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Independent Researcher, Victoria, British Columbia V8V 1P7, Canada
| | - Rasoul Raesi
- Department of Health Services Management, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Nursing, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Farshid Dehkhoda
- Department of Orthopedics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pîrlog LM, Pătrășcanu AA, Militaru MS, Cătană A. Insights into Clinical Disorders in Cowden Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:767. [PMID: 38792950 PMCID: PMC11123368 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
PTEN Hamartoma Tumour Syndrome (PHTS) encompasses diverse clinical phenotypes, including Cowden syndrome (CS), Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS), Proteus syndrome (PS), and Proteus-like syndrome. This autosomal dominant genetic predisposition with high penetrance arises from heterozygous germline variants in the PTEN tumour suppressor gene, leading to dysregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway, which promotes the overgrowth of multiple and heterogenous tissue types. Clinical presentations of CS range from benign and malignant disorders, affecting nearly every system within the human body. CS is the most diagnosed syndrome among the PHTS group, notwithstanding its weak incidence (1:200,000), for which it is considered rare, and its precise incidence remains unknown among other important factors. The literature is notably inconsistent in reporting the frequencies and occurrences of these disorders, adding an element of bias and uncertainty when looking back at the available research. In this review, we aimed to highlight the significant disparities found in various studies concerning CS and to review the clinical manifestations encountered in CS patients. Furthermore, we intended to emphasize the great significance of early diagnosis as patients will benefit from a longer lifespan while being unceasingly advised and supported by a multidisciplinary team.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorin-Manuel Pîrlog
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.-M.P.); (M.S.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrada-Adelaida Pătrășcanu
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.-M.P.); (M.S.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Mariela Sanda Militaru
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.-M.P.); (M.S.M.); (A.C.)
- Regional Laboratory Cluj-Napoca, Department of Medical Genetics, Regina Maria Health Network, 400363 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Cătană
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.-M.P.); (M.S.M.); (A.C.)
- Regional Laboratory Cluj-Napoca, Department of Medical Genetics, Regina Maria Health Network, 400363 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Oncogenetics, “Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuță” Institute of Oncology, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cavaillé M, Crampon D, Achim V, Bubien V, Uhrhammer N, Privat M, Ponelle-Chachuat F, Gay-Bellile M, Lepage M, Ouedraogo ZG, Jones N, Bidet Y, Sevenet N, Bignon YJ. Diagnosis of PTEN mosaicism: the relevance of additional tumor DNA sequencing. A case report and review of the literature. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:166. [PMID: 37442961 PMCID: PMC10339495 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PTEN hamartoma syndrome (PHTS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by pathogenic variants in the tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). It is associated with an increased risk of muco-cutaneous features, hamartomatous tumors, and cancers. Mosaicism has been found in a few cases of patients with de novo PHTS, identified from blood samples. We report a PHTS patient with no variant identified from blood sample. Constitutional PTEN mosaicism was detected through sequencing of DNA from different tumoral and non-tumoral samples. CASE PRESENTATION Our patient presented clinical Cowden syndrome at 56 years of age, with three major criteria (macrocephaly, Lhermitte Duclos disease, oral papillomatosis), and two minor criteria (structural thyroid lesions, esophageal glycogenic acanthosis). Deep sequencing of PTEN of blood leukocytes did not reveal any pathogenic variants. Exploration of tumoral (colonic ganglioneuroma, esophageal papilloma, diapneusia fibroids) and non-tumoral stomach tissues found the same PTEN pathogenic variant (NM_000314.4 c.389G > A; p.(Arg130Gln)), with an allelic frequency of 12 to 59%, confirming genomic mosaicism for Cowden syndrome. CONCLUSIONS This case report, and review of the literature, suggests that systematic tumor analysis is essential for patients presenting PTEN hamartoma syndrome in the absence of any causal variant identified in blood leukocytes, despite deep sequencing. In 65 to 70% of cases of clinical Cowden syndrome, no pathogenic variant in the PTEN is observed in blood samples: mosaicism may explain a significant number of these patients. Tumor analysis would improve our knowledge of the frequency of de novo variations in this syndrome. Finally, patients with mosaicism for PTEN may not have a mild phenotype; medical care identical to that of heterozygous carriers should be offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Cavaillé
- Imagerie Moléculaire Et StratégiesThéranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France.
- Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Delphine Crampon
- Service d'hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, Pôle Santé République, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Viorel Achim
- Service de Neurochirurgie, CHU Gabriel Montpied, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Virginie Bubien
- Unité d'oncogénétique, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de L'Argonne, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- INSERM U1218, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de L'Argonne, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Nancy Uhrhammer
- Imagerie Moléculaire Et StratégiesThéranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France
- Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maud Privat
- Imagerie Moléculaire Et StratégiesThéranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France
- Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Flora Ponelle-Chachuat
- Imagerie Moléculaire Et StratégiesThéranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France
- Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathilde Gay-Bellile
- Imagerie Moléculaire Et StratégiesThéranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France
- Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathis Lepage
- Imagerie Moléculaire Et StratégiesThéranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France
- Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Natalie Jones
- Unité d'oncogénétique, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de L'Argonne, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- INSERM U1218, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de L'Argonne, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Yannick Bidet
- Imagerie Moléculaire Et StratégiesThéranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France
- Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Sevenet
- Unité d'oncogénétique, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de L'Argonne, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- INSERM U1218, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de L'Argonne, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- UFR de Pharmacie, Univ. Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Imagerie Moléculaire Et StratégiesThéranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France
- Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vetti HH, Blanco I, Menko FH. European collaboration on genetic tumour risk syndromes. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104691. [PMID: 36581153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hildegunn H Vetti
- Western Norway Familial Cancer Center, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway and VID Specialized University, Faculty of Health Studies, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Clinical Genetics Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fred H Menko
- Family Cancer Clinic, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/ The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gingival Overgrowths Revealing PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome: Report of Novel PTEN Pathogenic Variants. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010081. [PMID: 36672590 PMCID: PMC9855721 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), is a spectrum of disorders caused by mutations of PTEN, in which non-cancerous growths, called hamartomas, develop in different areas of the body, often including the oral mucosa. PHTS also implies a recognized increased risk of malignancies, as PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene capable of inhibiting progression of several cancers. One of the main and most common clinical manifestation of PHTS are gingival overgrowths presenting as warty lumps. The current study describes patients with gingival or mucosal enlargements leading to the diagnosis of PHTS associated to novel PTEN pathogenic variants. Patients referred to us for gingival lumps suggestive of PHTS associated overgrowths were submitted to genetic analysis in the PTEN gene. Two related and two unrelated patients were investigated. PTEN novel pathogenic variant was found in all of them. Two patients also fulfilled diagnostic criteria of Cowden syndrome (CS). Mucocutaneous lesions, and particularly diffuse gingival overgrowths, are both early and major clinical signs revealing a potential diagnosis of PHTS. Further genetic and clinical assessments are needed in order to confirm and clarify the diagnosis within the PHTS spectrum, including, among others, the CS. A correct interpretation of oral clinical features potentially associated to PHTS is mandatory for diagnosis and a surgical approach can be useful just in case of impairment of periodontal health or for aesthetic needs. The increased risk of malignancies associated to PHTS makes a correct diagnosis pivotal to set up an appropriate lifelong surveillance, aiming at secondary cancer prevention.
Collapse
|
6
|
Pei X, Mladenov E, Soni A, Li F, Stuschke M, Iliakis G. PTEN Loss Enhances Error-Prone DSB Processing and Tumor Cell Radiosensitivity by Suppressing RAD51 Expression and Homologous Recombination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12876. [PMID: 36361678 PMCID: PMC9658850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PTEN has been implicated in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), particularly through homologous recombination (HR). However, other data fail to demonstrate a direct role of PTEN in DSB repair. Therefore, here, we report experiments designed to further investigate the role of PTEN in DSB repair. We emphasize the consequences of PTEN loss in the engagement of the four DSB repair pathways-classical non-homologous end-joining (c-NHEJ), HR, alternative end-joining (alt-EJ) and single strand annealing (SSA)-and analyze the resulting dynamic changes in their utilization. We quantitate the effect of PTEN knockdown on cell radiosensitivity to killing, as well as checkpoint responses in normal and tumor cell lines. We find that disruption of PTEN sensitizes cells to ionizing radiation (IR). This radiosensitization is associated with a reduction in RAD51 expression that compromises HR and causes a marked increase in SSA engagement, an error-prone DSB repair pathway, while alt-EJ and c-NHEJ remain unchanged after PTEN knockdown. The G2-checkpoint is partially suppressed after PTEN knockdown, corroborating the associated HR suppression. Notably, PTEN deficiency radiosensitizes cells to PARP inhibitors, Olaparib and BMN673. The results show the crucial role of PTEN in DSB repair and show a molecular link between PTEN and HR through the regulation of RAD51 expression. The expected benefit from combination treatment with Olaparib or BMN673 and IR shows that PTEN status may also be useful for patient stratification in clinical treatment protocols combining IR with PARP inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xile Pei
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Emil Mladenov
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Aashish Soni
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Fanghua Li
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - George Iliakis
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|