Association of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 polymorphisms with Iranian breast cancer patients

Ethnicity-based classifications and medical genetics: One Health approaches from a Western Pacific perspective

A new era presently dawns for medical genetics featuring individualised whole genome sequencing and promising personalised medical genetics. Accordingly, we direct readers attention to the continuing value of allele frequency data from Genome-Wide Association Surveys (GWAS) and single gene surveys in well-defined ethnic populations as a guide for best practice in diagnosis, therapy, and prescription. Supporting evidence is drawn from our experiences working with Austronesian volunteer subjects across the Western Pacific. In general, these studies show that their gene pool has been shaped by natural selection and become highly diverged from those of Europeans and Asians. These uniquely evolved patterns of genetic variation underlie contrasting schedules of disease incidence and drug response. Thus, recognition of historical bonds of kinship among Austronesian population groups across the Asia Pacific has distinct public health advantages from a One Health perspective. Other than diseases that are common among them like gout and diabetes, Austronesian populations face a wide range of climate-dependent infectious diseases including vector-borne pathogens as they are now scattered across the Pacific and Indian Oceans. However, we caution that the value of genetic survey data in Austronesians (and other groups too) is critically dependent on the accuracy of attached descriptive information in associated metadata, including ethnicity and admixture.

Representation of CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and UGT1A4 Polymorphisms within Croatian Breast Cancer Patients' Population

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes (DME) could have a critical role in individual responses to anastrozole. Frequency of CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A5*3 and UGT1A4*2 SNPs in 126 Croatian breast cancer (BC) patients and possible association with anastrozole-induced undesirable side effects were analyzed. Eighty-two postmenopausal patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive BC treated with anastrozole and 44 postmenopausal ER-positive BC patients before hormonal adjuvant therapy were included in the study. Genomic DNA was genotyped by TaqMan Real-Time PCR. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The homozygotes for the variant G allele of CYP3A5*3 were predominant (88%), and the homozygotes for the reference A allele were not detected. While homozygotes for the variant G allele of CYP3A4*1B were not detected, predominantly wild type homozygotes for A allele (94%) were present. CYP3A4*1B and CYP3A5*3 SNPs were in 84.3% linkage disequilibrium (D’ = 0.843) and 95.1% (D’ = 0.951) in group treated with anastrozole and w/o treatment, respectively. Homozygotes for the A allele of UGT1A4*2 were not detected in our study groups. Although the variant CYP3A5*3 allele, which might result in poor metabolizer phenotype and more pronounced side effects, was predominant, significant association with BMD changes induced by anastrozole were not confirmed.