Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D and bradykinin B2 receptor T/C genes polymorphism in patients with ACE inhibitors-related cough

PNPT1 and PCGF3 variants associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough: a nested case–control genome-wide study

Aim: We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with ACE inhibitor (ACEI)-induced cough. Materials & methods: A nested case–control study was performed among hypertensive Chinese patients receiving enalapril-only therapy. Whole-exome sequencing and genome-wide association analysis were performed. Results: We identified that PNPT1 rs13015243 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.34–0.66; p = 7.45 × 10-6), PNPT1 rs13009649 (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.35–0.67; p = 9.96 × 10-6) and PCGF3 rs1044147 (OR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.71–4.17; p = 9.91 × 10-6) were significantly associated with ACEI-induced cough. Nearly genome-wide significant associations in previously reported candidate risk genes CLASP1, ACE, CES1, CPN1, XPNPEP1, PDE11A or SLC38A were detected in our dataset. Conclusion: Our results suggest that ACEI-induced cough is associated with noncoding SNPs of PNPT1 and PCGF3, all of which are independent of the bradykinin pathway.

Study registration: NCT03259399.

Risk factors of tuberculosis infection among health care workers: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUNDS

Health care workers (HCWs) are globally known to have high risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection while risk factors of TB infections among HCWs are still inconclusive.

OBJECTIVES

To perform a meta-analysis in effort to identify risk factors of TB infection among HCWs.

METHODS

A meta-analysis was conducted between February and July 2019. Papers were searched in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of science and information of interest were extracted. The correlation and effect estimation were analyzed using random or fixed effect model.

RESULTS

A total of 12 studies consisting of 2871 cases and 15,673 controls were included and six risk factors were available for meta-analysis. Cumulative calculation found that age, working duration, and types of job were significant risk factor of TB infection while gender, active TB contact, and types of workplace were not associated significantly with TB infection among HCWs. Our pooled data revealed that decreased risk of TB infection was observed in age less than 30 years (age < 30 years vs. age ≥ 30 years) and working duration less than five years (working duration < 5 years vs. ≥5 years). Being more than 40 years, working more than 10 years, and being physicians increased the risk of TB infection significantly compared to age ≤40 years, working duration ≤10 years, and other job types, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Our meta-analysis has identified the significant risk factors of TB infection among HCWs. Our results may be useful for establishing future TB prevention program among HCWs.

Association between calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) R990G, CaSR A986S, and CaSR Q1011E gene polymorphisms and the risk of urolithiasis: a meta-analysis

Backgrounds

In the last two decades, studies have been widely carried out to assess the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) gene in exon 7 and the risk of urolithiasis. However, inconsistency across the studies was reported. Therefore, our current study aimed to perform a meta-analysis concerning the association between the risk of urolithiasis and the gene polymorphisms of CaSR R990G, CaSR A986S, and CaSR Q1011E.

Methods

Published papers from PubMed, Embase, Cohcrane, and Web of science were included for the study, and they were analyzed using fixed or random effect model.

Results

A total of 11 papers consisting of eight papers evaluating CaSR R990G, nine papers evaluating CaSR A986S, and five papers evaluating CaSR Q1011E were included in our analysis. Our pooled calculation found that protective effect against urolithiasis was observed in R allele and RR genotype of CaSR R990G and A allele and AA genotype of CaSR A986S. Conversely, increased susceptibility to urolithiasis was found in G allele and RG genotype of CaSR R990G and S allele of CaSR A986S. Interestingly, our findings in sub-group analysis confirmed that the correlation between CaSR R990G and urolithiasis was found in Caucasian population. Meanwhile, in Asian population, the association was observed in CaSR A986S.

Conclusions

CaSR R990G and CaSR A986S, but not CaSR Q1011E, are associated with the risk of urolithiasis.

The association between angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C gene polymorphism and the risk of essential hypertension: a meta-analysis

Background

Since first reported having the association with essential hypertension, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) A1166C was globally investigated worldwide. However, controversy was found. Furthermore, previous meta-analyses did not adequate to clarify the precise correlation due to some limitations. Therefore, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis concerning the association between AT1R A1166C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the risk of essential hypertension with eliminating the limitations of previous studies.

Methods

A meta-analysis was conducted from February to March 2019. Some information related to sample size of hypertension and control groups and genotype frequencies of hypertension and control groups were extracted from each study. Data were analyzed using fixed or random effect model to determine the overall correlation.

Results

A total of 45 papers consisting of 11911 cases and 1340 controls were enrolled for the study. Our overall analysis showed that C allele and AC genotype of AT1R A1166C was associated with 1.18-fold and 1.15-fold respectively increased risk of essential hypertension, while the decreased risk of essential hypertension was observed in A allele and AA genotype. In sub-group analysis, increased risk of essential hypertension was found in C allele, AC genotype, and CC genotype of both Asian population and PCR-RFLP sub-groups, while decreased risk was observed in A allele and AA genotype.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis reveals that AT1R A1166C remains a valuable SNP having an association with the risk of essential hypertension.

The Gene Polymorphism of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Intron Deletion and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme G2350A in Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: A Meta-analysis

Objectives

The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between left ventricular hypertrophy and the gene polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) intron deletion (I/D) and ACE G2350A.

Methods

Information related to the sample size and genotype frequencies was extracted from each study.

Results

Our results found that the D allele (p = 0.0180) and DD genotype (p = 0.0110) of ACE I/D had a significant association with increasing the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy, whereas the I allele (p = 0.0180), but not II (p = 0.1660) and ID genotypes (p = 0.1430), was associated with decreasing the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy. On other hand, we found that the A allele (p = 0.0020) and GA genotype of ACE G2350A (p = 0.0070) had the correlation with increasing the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis reveals that the D allele of ACE I/D and the A allele of ACE G2350A are associated with increasing the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy.

Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme G2350A gene polymorphisms with hypertension among patients with intracerebral haemorrhage

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the correlation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) G2350A gene polymorphisms with hypertension, brain hematoma volume (BHV), level of consciousness, and disease outcome among intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) patients.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Zainoel Abidin General Hospital from May 2016 to June 2017. Polymerase chain reaction was used to genotype ACE G2350A gene polymorphisms. BHV was assessed using the ABC/2 volume estimation formula. Level of consciousness was assessed by Glasgow coma scale (GCS). Disease outcome was assessed using Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). Association tests for ACE G2350A genotype in the context of hypertension status, BHV, GCS score, and GOS score in subjects with ICH was analysed by multiple logistic regression.

RESULTS

A total of 75 ICH patients were included in the study. Of those, 59 patients exhibited hypertension, 24 patients had BHV ≥60 cm3, 16 patients possessed GCS scores ≤8, and 72 patients had GOS scores of 1-3. Our analysis determined that the A allele of the ACE G2350A gene polymorphism was significantly associated with a 3.6-fold increase in hypertension; however, this polymorphism was not associated with BHV, level of consciousness, and disease outcome among ICH patients.

CONCLUSION

The A allele of the ACE G2350A gene polymorphisms is associated with hypertension among ICH patients.