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Wang Q, Xiangli W, Chen X, Zhang J, Teng G, Cui X, Idrees BS, Wei K. Primary study of identification of parathyroid gland based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1999-2014. [PMID: 33996212 PMCID: PMC8086479 DOI: 10.1364/boe.417738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The identification and preservation of parathyroid glands (PGs) is a major issue in thyroidectomy. The PG is particularly difficult to distinguish from the surrounding tissues. Accidental damage or removal of the PG may result in temporary or permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia. In this study, a novel method for identification of the PG was proposed based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the first time. LIBS spectra were collected from the smear samples of PG and non-parathyroid gland (NPG) tissues (thyroid and neck lymph node) of rabbits. The emission lines (related to K, Na, Ca, N, O, CN, C2, etc.) observed in LIBS spectra were ranked and selected based on the important weight calculated by random forest (RF). Three machine learning algorithms were used as classifiers to distinguish PGs from NPGs. The artificial neural network classifier provided the best classification performance. The results demonstrated that LIBS can be adopted to discriminate between smear samples of PG and NPG, and it has a potential in intra-operative identification of PGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Information Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Xiangli
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Information Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jinghong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Geer Teng
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Information Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xutai Cui
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Information Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Bushra Sana Idrees
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Information Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wei
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Information Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
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