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Implementation of Office Hysteroscopy for the Evaluation and Treatment of Intrauterine Pathology. Obstet Gynecol 2022; 140:499-513. [PMID: 35926213 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000004898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hysteroscopy provides a minimally invasive strategy to evaluate intrauterine pathology and manage conditions such as abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, intrauterine adhesions, müllerian anomalies, and intrauterine foreign bodies. Increasing access to hysteroscopy procedures in the office has the potential to improve patient care by minimizing financial and logistical barriers, aiding in streamlined diagnosis and treatment planning, and potentially averting unnecessary operative procedures and anesthesia. Office hysteroscopy refers to procedures performed in outpatient settings where pain management involves no medications, oral nonsedating medications, local anesthetic agents, or oral or inhaled conscious sedation. We present best practices for the implementation of hysteroscopy in an office setting. These include appropriate patient selection, optimal procedural timing, cervical preparation for patients at highest risk of cervical stenosis or pain with dilation, individualized pain-management strategies, use of distension media, and video monitoring to engage patients in the procedure. We describe miniaturized equipment for use in the office setting and "no-touch" vaginoscopic approaches to limit patient discomfort. With appropriate training and experience, office hysteroscopy presents a simple and cost-effective modality for optimizing gynecologic care for our patients.
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Loddo A, Djokovic D, Drizi A, De Vree BP, Sedrati A, van Herendael BJ. Hysteroscopic myomectomy: The guidelines of the International Society for Gynecologic Endoscopy (ISGE). Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 268:121-128. [PMID: 34902749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.11.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With this publication, the International Society for Gynecologic Endoscopy (ISGE) aims to provide the clinicians with the recommendations arising from the best evidence currently available on hysteroscopic myomectomy (HM). STUDY DESIGN The ISGE Task Force for HM defined key clinical questions, which led the search of Medline/PubMed and the Cochrane Database. We selected and analyzed relevant English-language articles, published from January 2005 to June 2021, including original works, reviews and the guidelines previously published by the European Society for Gynecological Endoscopy (ESGE) and the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL), in which bibliographies were also checked in order to identify additional references, using the medical subject heading (MeSH) term "Uterine Myomectomy" (MeSH Unique ID: D063186) in combination with ''Myoma" (MeSH Unique ID: D009214) and ''Hysteroscopy" (MeSH Unique ID: D015907). We developed the recommendations through multiple cycles of literature analysis and expert discussion. RESULTS The ISGE Task Force did develop 10 grade 1A-C and 4 grade 2A-C recommendations. For planning HM, evaluation of the uterus with saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS) or combined assessment by transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) and diagnostic hysteroscopy is recommended (Grade 1A). The use of STEPW (Size, Topography, Extension of the base, Penetration and lateral Wall position) classification system of submucosal leiomyoma (LM) is recommended to predict the complex surgeries, incomplete removal of the LM, long operative time, fluid overload and other major complications (grade 1B). For type 0 LMs, in addition to resectoscopy (slicing technique), morcellation is recommended, being faster and having a shorter learning curve with respect to resectoscopy (grade 1C). For type 1-2 LMs, slicing technique is currently recommended (grade 1C). A fluid deficit of 1000 mL also in case of bipolar myomectomy with saline solution, in healthy women of reproductive age, contains low risk for major complications. Lower thresholds (750 mL) for fluid deficit should be considered in the elderly and in women with cardiovascular, renal or other co-morbidities (Grade 1B). CONCLUSION HM is the most effective conservative minimally invasive gynecologic intervention for submucous LM. The set of 14 ISGE recommendations can significantly contribute to the success of HM and the safety of patients for whom the choice of appropriate surgical technique, as well as the surgeon's awareness and measures to prevent complications are of the utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Loddo
- Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, Policlinico Duilio Casula, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Dusan Djokovic
- Maternidade Dr. Alfredo da Costa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central (CHULC), Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital CUF Descobertas, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Amal Drizi
- Independent Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Bart Paul De Vree
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen (ZNA), Campus Middelheim, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Adel Sedrati
- Independent Consultant in Gynecology Obstetrics and Gynecology, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Bruno J van Herendael
- Endoscopic Training Center Antwerp (ETCA), Stuivenberg General Hospital, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen (ZNA), Antwerp, Belgium; Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Rund NMA, El Shenoufy H, Islam BA, El Husseiny T, Nassar SA, Mohsen RA, Alaa D, Gad Allah SH, Bakry A, Refaat R, Gehad MA, Kotb MMM, Osman OM, Ashour ASA, Ali AS, Taher A, Kholaif K, Hashem AT, Elsallamy AAH, Nour DA, Dahab S, Talaat B, Almohammady M. Determining the Optimal Time Interval between Vaginal Dinoprostone Administration and Diagnostic Office Hysteroscopy in Nulliparous Women: A Randomized, Double-blind Trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021; 29:85-93. [PMID: 34217851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal timing of vaginal dinoprostone administration before office hysteroscopy (OH) in nulliparous women. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind trial. SETTING Tertiary referral hospital. PATIENTS A total of 180 nulliparous women undergoing diagnostic OH. INTERVENTIONS We randomly allocated the women to long-interval or short-interval dinoprostone groups: three mg dinoprostone was administered vaginally 12 hours before OH in the long-interval group and 3 hours before OH in the short-interval group. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The primary outcome was pain during OH measured using a 100-mm visual analog scale (0 = no pain; 100 = worst pain imaginable). The secondary outcomes were ease of hysteroscope passage, patient satisfaction score, and drug-related adverse effects. The patients in the long-interval dinoprostone group had lower pain scores during OH (p <.001). Contrarily, pain scores 30 minutes after the procedure were similar in both groups (p = .1). The patient satisfaction score was higher and clinicians found hysteroscope passage through the cervical canal easier and quicker in the long-interval dinoprostone group than in the short-interval group (p <.001, p = .003, and p <.001, respectively). Side effects were comparable in both study groups. CONCLUSION Vaginal dinoprostone administered 12 hours before OH was more effective than that administered 3 hours before OH in reducing pain during OH in nulliparous women, with easier hysteroscope insertion, shorter procedure duration, and higher patient satisfaction score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nansy Mohamed Ali Rund
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University (Drs. Rund, Islam, and Nassar), Cairo
| | - Hossam El Shenoufy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University (Drs. El Shenoufy, El Husseiny, Mohsen, Alaa, Gad Allah, Bakry, Kotb, Osman, Ashour, Taher, Kholaif, Hashem, Nour, Dahab, and Almohammady), Cairo
| | - Bassem Aly Islam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University (Drs. Rund, Islam, and Nassar), Cairo
| | - Tarek El Husseiny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University (Drs. El Shenoufy, El Husseiny, Mohsen, Alaa, Gad Allah, Bakry, Kotb, Osman, Ashour, Taher, Kholaif, Hashem, Nour, Dahab, and Almohammady), Cairo
| | - Salma Ashraf Nassar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University (Drs. Rund, Islam, and Nassar), Cairo
| | - Reham A Mohsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University (Drs. El Shenoufy, El Husseiny, Mohsen, Alaa, Gad Allah, Bakry, Kotb, Osman, Ashour, Taher, Kholaif, Hashem, Nour, Dahab, and Almohammady), Cairo
| | - Doaa Alaa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University (Drs. El Shenoufy, El Husseiny, Mohsen, Alaa, Gad Allah, Bakry, Kotb, Osman, Ashour, Taher, Kholaif, Hashem, Nour, Dahab, and Almohammady), Cairo
| | - Sherine H Gad Allah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University (Drs. El Shenoufy, El Husseiny, Mohsen, Alaa, Gad Allah, Bakry, Kotb, Osman, Ashour, Taher, Kholaif, Hashem, Nour, Dahab, and Almohammady), Cairo
| | - Ahmed Bakry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University (Drs. El Shenoufy, El Husseiny, Mohsen, Alaa, Gad Allah, Bakry, Kotb, Osman, Ashour, Taher, Kholaif, Hashem, Nour, Dahab, and Almohammady), Cairo
| | - Rania Refaat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th October City, Giza (Drs. Refaat and Elsallamy)
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed Gehad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha (Drs. Gehad and Talaat), Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed Kotb
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University (Drs. El Shenoufy, El Husseiny, Mohsen, Alaa, Gad Allah, Bakry, Kotb, Osman, Ashour, Taher, Kholaif, Hashem, Nour, Dahab, and Almohammady), Cairo
| | - Omneya M Osman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University (Drs. El Shenoufy, El Husseiny, Mohsen, Alaa, Gad Allah, Bakry, Kotb, Osman, Ashour, Taher, Kholaif, Hashem, Nour, Dahab, and Almohammady), Cairo
| | - Ahmed S A Ashour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University (Drs. El Shenoufy, El Husseiny, Mohsen, Alaa, Gad Allah, Bakry, Kotb, Osman, Ashour, Taher, Kholaif, Hashem, Nour, Dahab, and Almohammady), Cairo
| | - Ahmed Said Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Dr. Ali), Cairo.
| | - Ayman Taher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University (Drs. El Shenoufy, El Husseiny, Mohsen, Alaa, Gad Allah, Bakry, Kotb, Osman, Ashour, Taher, Kholaif, Hashem, Nour, Dahab, and Almohammady), Cairo
| | - Khaled Kholaif
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University (Drs. El Shenoufy, El Husseiny, Mohsen, Alaa, Gad Allah, Bakry, Kotb, Osman, Ashour, Taher, Kholaif, Hashem, Nour, Dahab, and Almohammady), Cairo
| | - Ahmed T Hashem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University (Drs. El Shenoufy, El Husseiny, Mohsen, Alaa, Gad Allah, Bakry, Kotb, Osman, Ashour, Taher, Kholaif, Hashem, Nour, Dahab, and Almohammady), Cairo
| | - Ayman Aly Hamed Elsallamy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th October City, Giza (Drs. Refaat and Elsallamy)
| | - Dalia Adel Nour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University (Drs. El Shenoufy, El Husseiny, Mohsen, Alaa, Gad Allah, Bakry, Kotb, Osman, Ashour, Taher, Kholaif, Hashem, Nour, Dahab, and Almohammady), Cairo
| | - Sherif Dahab
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University (Drs. El Shenoufy, El Husseiny, Mohsen, Alaa, Gad Allah, Bakry, Kotb, Osman, Ashour, Taher, Kholaif, Hashem, Nour, Dahab, and Almohammady), Cairo
| | - Bassem Talaat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha (Drs. Gehad and Talaat), Egypt; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, (Dr. Talaat) Egypt
| | - Maged Almohammady
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University (Drs. El Shenoufy, El Husseiny, Mohsen, Alaa, Gad Allah, Bakry, Kotb, Osman, Ashour, Taher, Kholaif, Hashem, Nour, Dahab, and Almohammady), Cairo
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Tsonis O, Gkrozou F, Dimitriou E, Paschopoulos M. Hysteroscopic detection of chronic endometritis: Evaluating proposed hysteroscopic features suggestive of chronic endometritis. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2021; 50:102182. [PMID: 34111625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the proposed criteria in a large sample and in additional subgroups in order to test the validity of the hysteroscopic features widely-accepted as suggestive of CE. METHOD(S) All patients (n: 2675) underwent outpatient hysteroscopy, with the vaginoscopic approach technique. Hysteroscopic features such as, stromal oedema, diffuse or focal hyperaemia, "strawberry aspect", micropolyposis and endometrial polyps, are often indicate the presence of chronic endometritis. All hysteroscopic features, alone and in combination were applied in 7 (seven) different subgroups of the sample: total sample, women in reproductive age, women with infertility issues/IVF screening, women with history of recurrent miscarriages, menopausal women, and women with hysteroscopic indication of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) in women of reproductive age and postmenopausal bleeding (PMB). From each case, endometrial samples were obtained and immunohistochemistry, identifying CD-138, was applied in order to diagnose CE. RESULT(S) A total of 2675 patients were included of which, 1444 women were found with at least one of the proposed hysteroscopic features mentioned above. Stromal oedema, focal or diffuse hyperaemia and "strawberry aspect" in combination with micropolyposis demonstrated higher rates of diagnostic accuracy in the detection of CE correlated to histologic confirmation. Micropolyposis, stromal oedema, focal or diffuse hyperaemia and "strawberry aspect" offer great diagnostic accuracy in the hysteroscopic detection of Chronic Endometritis, regardless reproductive status and/or clinical presentation. Endometrial polyps are not valid hysteroscopic features in cases of suspected CE. CONCLUSION(S) Diagnostic hysteroscopy can accurately diagnose cases of CE, based on stromal oedema, focal or diffuse hyperaemia and "strawberry aspect", in combination with micropolyposis. In subgroups of infertile women, higher diagnostic accuracy based on the hysteroscopic features mentioned, was more likely to be achieved. Whether endometrial polyps are suggestive of CE, when identified during office hysteroscopy, remains controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Tsonis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Fani Gkrozou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Minas Paschopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece
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De Silva PM, Wilson L, Carnegy A, Smith PP, Clark TJ. Cervical dilatation and preparation prior to outpatient hysteroscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 2020; 128:1112-1123. [PMID: 33219606 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are uncertainties about the benefit of routine cervical preparation and/or cervical dilatation before outpatient hysteroscopy. OBJECTIVE To determine if cervical preparation and/or routine mechanical dilatation reduces pain during outpatient hysteroscopy. SEARCH STRATEGY MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and CENTRAL were searched on 19 October 2020, using keywords 'hysteroscopy', 'cervical preparation', 'cervical ripening', 'cervical dilatation', 'outpatient', 'office' and/or 'ambulatory' and associated medical subject headings. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials investigating the benefit of cervical preparation and/or cervical dilatation on pain in women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two independent reviewers selected eligible trials and extracted data on pain, feasibility, adverse events and satisfaction/acceptability for meta-analysis. MAIN RESULTS The literature search yielded 807 records, of which 24 were included for review and 19 provided data for meta-analysis. No trials investigated the role of routine mechanical cervical dilatation. Cervical preparation significantly reduced pain during outpatient hysteroscopy; standard mean difference (SMD) -0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.05 to -0.29. Feasibility also improved as priming provided significantly easier hysteroscopic entry (SMD 0.89, 95% CI 0.32-1.46), greater cervical dilatation (SMD 0.81, 95% CI 0.08-1.53) and shorter procedural times (SMD -0.51, 95% CI -0.88 to -0.13). Cervical preparation, however, incurred significantly more adverse effects, mainly comprising genital tract bleeding, abdominal pain and gastrointestinal symptoms (odds ratio 2.94, 95% CI 1.58-5.47). There were limited data regarding satisfaction, acceptability and complications. CONCLUSIONS Cervical preparation reduces pain and improves feasibility associated with outpatient hysteroscopy but increases the risk of adverse effects. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Cervical preparation before outpatient hysteroscopy reduces pain, enhances feasibility but increases adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M De Silva
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Wilson
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Carnegy
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - P P Smith
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - T J Clark
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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New EP, Sarkar P, Mikhail E, Plosker S, Imudia AN. Use of low dose vaginal misoprostol in office hysteroscopy: a pre-post interventional study. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2020; 41:972-976. [PMID: 33962548 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1820968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A pre-post interventional study of patients undergoing office hysteroscopy alone and in combination with endometrial biopsy was performed during October 2015-March 2018 to evaluate the effect of low dose vaginal misoprostol on patient's pain. Pain scores were assessed using the visual analog scale at the completion of the procedure. There were 646 patients included in the study. Of these, 462 had office hysteroscopy alone; 206 (44.6%) received 50 mcg of vaginal misoprostol the night prior to the procedure and the remaining 256 (55.4%) patients had no cervical ripening. The reported pain score following hysteroscopy was significantly lower among patients who received misoprostol [4(0-10) vs. 5(0-10); p=.001]. Most patients (78.2%) did not report any misoprostol related side effects. Of the 184 patients who underwent a combination of office hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy, 97 (52.7%) received pre-procedure vaginal misoprostol while 87 (47.3%) did not. Post procedure pain was independent of pre-treatment with vaginal misoprostol (6.3 ± 2.7 vs. 6.6 ± 2.7; p = .54).Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? Office hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy is increasingly performed for evaluation of various gynaecologic conditions, however, patients' perceived pain at the time of procedure may lead to incomplete procedures. Various doses of misoprostol have been tested to reduce patients' pain, however none lower than 200 mcg vaginally, and at these doses, side effects are reported.What the results of this study add? To date, there is a scarcity of published data on the use of low dose misoprostol (50 mcg) in gynaecologic procedures. Our study found that the use of low dose vaginal misoprostol prior to office hysteroscopy is associated with lower reported pain and tenaculum utilisation during the procedure. However, vaginal misoprostol prior to successive office hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy failed to decrease the reported pain, and the overall pain score was higher than hysteroscopy alone.What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The use of low dose vaginal misoprostol (50 mcg) the evening prior to office hysteroscopy is associated with lower reported pain and tenaculum utilisation and is not associated with significant side effects. Therefore, 50 mcg of misoprostol could be used in clinical practice as a method to reduce patients' reported pain during office hysteroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika P New
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Papri Sarkar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Emad Mikhail
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Shayne Plosker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.,Shady Grove Fertility of Tampa Bay, Brandon, FL, USA
| | - Anthony N Imudia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.,Shady Grove Fertility of Tampa Bay, Wesley Chapel, FL, USA
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The Use of Hysteroscopy for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Intrauterine Pathology: ACOG Committee Opinion, Number 800. Obstet Gynecol 2020; 135:e138-e148. [PMID: 32080054 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000003712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This Committee Opinion provides guidance on the current uses of hysteroscopy in the office and the operating room for the diagnosis and treatment of intrauterine pathology and the potential associated complications. General considerations for the use of diagnostic and operative hysteroscopy include managing distending media, timing for optimal visualization, and cervical preparations. In premenopausal women with regular menstrual cycles, the optimal timing for diagnostic hysteroscopy is during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle after menstruation. Pregnancy should be reasonably excluded before performing hysteroscopy. There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine cervical ripening before diagnostic or operative hysteroscopy, but it may be considered for those patients at higher risk of cervical stenosis or increased pain with the surgical procedure. In randomized trials, patients reported a preference for office-based hysteroscopy, and office-based procedures are associated with higher patient satisfaction and faster recovery when compared with hospital-based operative hysteroscopy. Other potential benefits of office hysteroscopy include patient and physician convenience, avoidance of general anesthesia, less patient anxiety related to familiarity with the office setting, cost effectiveness, and more efficient use of the operating room for more complex hysteroscopic cases. Appropriate patient selection for office-based hysteroscopic procedures for women with known uterine pathology relies on thorough knowledge and understanding of the target pathology, size of the lesion, depth of penetration of the lesion, patient willingness to undergo an office-based procedure, physician skills and expertise, assessment of patient comorbidities, and availability of proper equipment and patient support. Both the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL) agree that vaginoscopy may be considered when performing office hysteroscopy because studies have shown that it can significantly reduce procedural pain with similar efficacy. The office hysteroscopy analgesia regimens commonly described in the literature include a single agent or a combination of multiple agents, including a topical anesthetic, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, acetaminophen, a benzodiazepine, an opiate, and an intracervical or paracervical block, or both. Based on the currently available evidence, there is no clinically significant difference in safety or effectiveness of these regimens for pain management when compared to each other or placebo. Patient safety and comfort must be prioritized when performing office hysteroscopic procedures. Patients have the right to expect the same level of patient safety as is present in the hospital or ambulatory surgery setting.
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Nair VG, Roy KK, Rai R, Das A, Bharti J, Zangmo R. Effectiveness of Misoprostol in Office Hysteroscopy in Premenopausal Nulliparous Women: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Hum Reprod Sci 2020; 13:104-109. [PMID: 32792757 PMCID: PMC7394087 DOI: 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_149_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objective: The objective of this was to evaluate the effectiveness of misoprostol in premenopausal nulliparous women with 200-mcg single vaginal dose 4 h before the procedure. Design: This was a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Setting: This study was conducted in a tertiary care and academic research center. Patients: One hundred patients were included in the study: 50 in misoprostol group and 50 in placebo. Interventions: Patients underwent office hysteroscopy 4 h after vaginal application of misoprostol or placebo. Measurements and Main Results: Ease of doing hysteroscopy was significantly better in the misoprostol group (difficulty score: 2.74 ± 1.20) as compared to placebo (difficulty score: 4.20 ± 1.10), P = 0.001. The time taken for negotiating the internal os (cervical passage time) was found to be significantly shorter in the misoprostol group (6.20 ± 5.21 s) as compared to placebo (14.78 ± 11.84 s), P = 0.001. The overall Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score was significantly lower in the intervention group (2.64 ± 1.62) as compared to placebo (4.90 ± 1.90), P = 0.001. Moreover, the VAS score at the point of passing internal os was significantly lower in the misoprostol group (2.82 ± 1.39) as compared to placebo (4.94 ± 1.96), P = 0.001. Misoprostol had a significant positive effect on satisfaction level of patients; 76% (n = 38) of women in the misoprostol group expressed their willingness to undergo the procedure again if required versus 18% (n = 9) in placebo, P = 0.001. Furthermore, 78% (n = 39) of women in the misoprostol group would recommend the procedure to their friends and relatives versus 36% (n = 18) in placebo, P = 0.001. Conclusion: Preoperative cervical preparation with 200 mcg of misoprostol vaginal application 4 h before office hysteroscopy in premenopausal nulliparous women significantly reduces the difficulty encountered in negotiating the cervical canal. Further, it significantly reduces the pain experienced by the patient at the point of passage through internal os as well as throughout the entire procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod G Nair
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Minimally Invasive Gynaecological Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kallol Kumar Roy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Minimally Invasive Gynaecological Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakhi Rai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Minimally Invasive Gynaecological Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anamika Das
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Minimally Invasive Gynaecological Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Juhi Bharti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Minimally Invasive Gynaecological Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rinchen Zangmo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Minimally Invasive Gynaecological Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Gkrozou F, Tsonis O, Dimitriou E, Paschopoulos M. In women with chronic or subclinical endometritis is hysteroscopy suitable for setting the diagnosis? A systematic review. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:1639-1650. [PMID: 32578286 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of hysteroscopy in cases of chronic or subclinical endometritis remains uncertain. Reevaluating the clinical relevance of diagnostic hysteroscopic in these cases will improve the level of case in women's health worldwide. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the suitability of hysteroscopy in detecting and diagnosing female patients with chronic or subclinical endometritis, as a first-line diagnostic tool. For this systematic review, five major search engines PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, as well as ResearchGate were searched using MeSH (medical subject headings) without language or year restrictions up to November 2019. All types of scientific papers were taken into consideration, with a priority to randomized control trials enrolling women with chronic or subclinical endometritis and compared with standard diagnostic tools such as histology or immunohistochemistry, in order to ensure the efficacy of the method. Risk of bias was assessed using the recommended Cochrane Collaboration criteria. In order to gather more information and data, we have decided to include all the scientific evidence regardless of study design. Data collection and analysis were performed according to PRISMA protocol. Hysteroscopy is an important diagnostic tool in cases of endometritis when accompanied by endometrial samples assessment techniques. In cases of high suspicion endometritis facilitates greater diagnostic accuracy. Hysteroscopy facilitates also the assessment of antibiotic administration efficacy in cases of confirmed endometritis. Micropolyposis, stromal edema or congestion, diffuse or focal hyperemia are the dominant hysteroscopic features that are considered by most studies as suggestive of chronic or subclinical endometritis. The heterogeneity of the included studies presents a high risk of bias as assessed according to Cochrane Collaboration criteria. Hysteroscopy is not suitable as a first-line diagnostic tool in cases of chronic or subclinical endometritis. Further randomized controlled trials need to be conducted in order to define the role of hysteroscopy as a first-line diagnostic tool in cases of chronic or subclinical endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani Gkrozou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Orestis Tsonis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Minas Paschopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Optimal Dose of Vaginal Misoprostol for Cervical Ripening before Hysteroscopy: A Randomized Double-Blind Study. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2018; 25:1031-1034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Efficacy of misoprostol before diagnostic hysteroscopy in postmenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial. Menopause 2018; 25:789-794. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tasma ML, Louwerse MD, Hehenkamp WJ, Geomini PM, Bongers MY, Veersema S, van Kesteren PJ, Tromp E, Huirne JA, Graziosi GC. Misoprostol for cervical priming prior to hysteroscopy in postmenopausal and premenopausal nulliparous women; a multicentre randomised placebo controlled trial. BJOG 2017; 125:81-89. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ML Tasma
- Amphia Hospital; Breda the Netherlands
| | - MD Louwerse
- VU University Medical Centre; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - WJ Hehenkamp
- VU University Medical Centre; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - PM Geomini
- Maxima Medical Centre; Veldhoven the Netherlands
| | - MY Bongers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology; Maastricht University Medical Centre; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - S Veersema
- St. Antonius Hospital; Nieuwegein Utrecht the Netherlands
| | | | - E Tromp
- St. Antonius Hospital; Nieuwegein Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - JA Huirne
- VU University Medical Centre; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - GC Graziosi
- St. Antonius Hospital; Nieuwegein Utrecht the Netherlands
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Ganer Herman H, Kerner R, Gluck O, Feit H, Keidar R, Bar J, Sagiv R. Different Routes of Misoprostol for Same-Day Cervical Priming Prior to Operative Hysteroscopy: A Randomized Blinded Trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2017; 24:455-460. [PMID: 28069480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of and patient satisfaction with different routes of misoprostol administration for short-term cervical priming before operative hysteroscopy. DESIGN Randomized blinded trial (Canadian Task Force classification I). SETTING University hospital. PATIENTS One hundred and twenty patients undergoing operative hysteroscopy. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly assigned to receive 400 μg of misoprostol administered orally (n = 40), vaginally (n = 40), or sublingually (n = 40) for cervical priming at 1.5 to 4 hours before undergoing operative hysteroscopy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The primary outcome was preoperative cervical dilatation. Secondary outcomes included cervical consistency, ease of dilation and time of dilation, patient discomfort, and side effects. No differences were noted among the 3 groups in terms of patient age, parity, previous vaginal delivery, menopausal status, and time interval from preparation to procedure. Patients in the 3 groups reported similar discomfort and side effects. Initial mean cervical dilatation was 6.1 ± 2.0 mm in the oral group, 6.4 ± 2.1 in the vaginal group, and 6.4 ± 1.8 mm in the sublingual group (p = .75). Cervical consistency and ease of dilation were similar among the groups. The mean time of dilation was 37.2 ± 30.6 seconds in the oral group, 31.7 ± 29.0 seconds in the vaginal group, and 31.5 ± 21.7 seconds in the sublingual group (p = .59). Additional subanalyses according to menopausal status and parity did not demonstrate any differences among the groups. CONCLUSION Same-day cervical priming for operative hysteroscopy is achieved equally with all routes of misoprostol administration, with similar patient satisfaction and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Ganer Herman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Ram Kerner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ohad Gluck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagit Feit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ran Keidar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Bar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ron Sagiv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Hua Y, Zhang W, Hu X, Yang A, Zhu X. The use of misoprostol for cervical priming prior to hysteroscopy: a systematic review and analysis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:2789-2801. [PMID: 27660411 PMCID: PMC5019271 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s111625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of misoprostol use on cervical priming prior to hysteroscopy have been controversial. Therefore, a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of studies were conducted to assess the effect of misoprostol on cervical priming prior to hysteroscopy. All studies published before July 2014 with data related to the use of misoprostol for cervical priming compared with placebo or no medication prior to hysteroscopy, were identified. Twenty-five randomized controlled trials involving 2,203 females were systematically analyzed. The results showed that, compared with placebo or no medication, the use of misoprostol prior to hysteroscopy led to a significant relief of the need for cervical dilatation, resulted in a significantly greater cervical width, had fewer hysteroscopy complications, and mild and insignificant side effects. Subgroup analyses revealed that the regimen of 200 or 400 μg vaginal misoprostol may be a simple and effective method for cervical priming, especially prior to operative hysteroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ansu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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Surgical treatment: Myomectomy and hysterectomy; Endoscopy: A major advancement. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2016; 34:104-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Role of vaginal estradiol pretreatment combined with vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening before operative hysteroscopy in postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2016; 59:220-6. [PMID: 27200313 PMCID: PMC4871939 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2016.59.3.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of vaginal misoprostol after a pretreatment with vaginal estradiol to facilitate the hysteroscopic surgery in postmenopausal women. Methods In this observational comparative study, 35 control women (group A) did not receive any pharmacological treatment,26 women (group B) received 25 µg of vaginal estradiol daily for 14 days and 400 µg of vaginal misoprostol 12 hours before hysteroscopic surgery, 32 women (group C) received 400 µg of vaginal misoprostol 12 hours before surgery. Results Demographic data were well balanced and all variables were not significantly different among the three groups. The study showed a significant difference in the preoperative cervical dilatation among the group B (7.09±1.87 mm), the group A (5.82±1.85 mm; B vs. A, P=0.040) and the group C (5.46±2.07 mm; B vs. C, P=0.007). The dilatation was very easy in 73% of women in group B. The pain scoring post surgery was lower in the group B (B vs. A, P=0.001; B vs. C, P=0.077). In a small subgroup of women with suspected cervical stenosis, there were no statistically significant differences among the three groups considered. No complications during and post hysteroscopy were observed. Conclusion In postmenopausal women the pretreatment with oestrogen appears to have a crucial role in allowing the effect of misoprostol on cervical ripening. The combination of vaginal estradiol and vaginal misoprostol presents minor side effects and has proved to be effective in obtaining satisfying cervical dilatation thus significantly reducing discomfort for the patient.
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Inal HA, Ozturk Inal ZH, Tonguc E, Var T. Comparison of vaginal misoprostol and dinoprostone for cervical ripening before diagnostic hysteroscopy in nulliparous women. Fertil Steril 2015; 103:1326-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Al‐Fozan H, Firwana B, Al Kadri H, Hassan S, Tulandi T. Preoperative ripening of the cervix before operative hysteroscopy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 2015:CD005998. [PMID: 25906113 PMCID: PMC11024390 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005998.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hysteroscopy is an operation in which the gynaecologist examines the uterine cavity using a small telescopic instrument (hysteroscope) inserted via the vagina and the cervix. Almost 50% of hysteroscopic complications are related to difficulty with cervical entry. Potential complications include cervical tears, creation of a false passage, perforation, bleeding, or simply difficulty in entering the internal os (between the cervix and the uterus) with the hysteroscope. These complications may possibly be reduced with adequate preparation of the cervix (cervical ripening) prior to hysteroscopy. Cervical ripening agents include oral or vaginal prostaglandin, which can be synthetic (e.g misoprostol) or natural (e.g. dinoprostone) and vaginal osmotic dilators, which can be naturally occurring (e.g. laminaria) or synthetic. OBJECTIVES To determine whether preoperative cervical preparation facilitates cervical dilatation and reduces the complications of operative hysteroscopy in women undergoing the procedure for any condition. SEARCH METHODS In August 2014 we searched sources including the Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group (MDSG) Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov and reference lists of relevant articles. We searched for published and unpublished studies in any language. SELECTION CRITERIA Two review authors independently selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of cervical ripening agents used before operative hysteroscopy in pre- and postmenopausal women. Cervical ripening agents could be compared to each other, placebo or no treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two review authors. The primary review outcomes were effectiveness of cervical dilatation (defined as the proportion of women requiring mechanical cervical dilatation) and intraoperative complications. Secondary outcomes were mean time required to dilate the cervix, preoperative pain, cervical width, abandonment of the procedure, side effects of dilating agents and duration of surgery. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences (MDs) for continuous outcomes, with 95% confidence intervals ( CIs). Data were statistically pooled where appropriate. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I(2) statistic. The overall quality of the evidence was assessed using GRADE methods. MAIN RESULTS Nineteen RCTs with a total of 1870 participants were included. They compared misoprostol with no treatment or placebo, dinoprostone or osmotic dilators.Misoprostol was more effective for cervical dilatation than placebo or no intervention, with fewer women requiring mechanical dilatation (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.16, five RCTs, 441 participants, I(2)=0%, moderate quality evidence). This suggests that in a population in which 80% of women undergoing hysteroscopy require mechanical dilatation without use of preoperative ripening agents, use of misoprostol will reduce the need for mechanical dilatation to between 14% and 39%. Misoprostol was associated with fewer intraoperative complications (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.77, 12 RCTs, 901 participants, I(2)=0%, moderate quality evidence). This suggests that in a population in which 3% of women undergoing hysteroscopy experience intraoperative complications without use of preoperative ripening agents, use of misoprostol will reduce the risk of complications to 2% or less.When specific complications were considered, the misoprostol group had a lower rate of cervical laceration or tearing (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.57, nine RCTS, 669 women, I(2)=0%, moderate quality evidence) or false track formation (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.97, seven RCTs, 560 participants, I(2)=0%, moderate quality evidence). There was no evidence of a difference between the groups in rates of uterine perforation (0.42, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.38, seven RCTs, 455 participants, I(2)=0%, low quality evidence) or uterine bleeding (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.10 to 2.49, four RCTs, 340 participants, I(2)=0%, low quality evidence). Some treatment side effects (mild abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and increased body temperature) were more common in the misoprostol group.Compared with dinoprostone, misoprostol was associated with more effective cervical dilatation, with fewer women requiring mechanical dilatation (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.98; one RCT, 310 participants, low quality evidence) and with fewer intraoperative complications (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.83, one RCT, 310 participants, low quality evidence). However treatment side effects were more common in the misoprostol arm.Compared to osmotic dilatation (laminaria), misoprostol was associated with less effective cervical dilatation, with more women in the misoprostol group requiring mechanical dilatation (OR 5.96, 95% CI 2.61 to 13.59, one RCT, 110 participants, low quality evidence). There was no evidence of a difference between misoprostol and osmotic dilators in intraoperative complication rates (OR 5.14, 95% CI 0.24 to 109.01, three RCTs, 354 participants, low quality evidence), with only two events reported altogether.The overall quality of the evidence ranged from low to moderate. The main limitations in the evidence were imprecision and poor reporting of study methods. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is moderate quality evidence that use of misoprostol for preoperative ripening of the cervix before operative hysteroscopy is more effective than placebo or no treatment and is associated with fewer intraoperative complications such as lacerations and false tracks. However misoprostol is associated with more side effects, including preoperative pain and vaginal bleeding. There is low quality evidence to suggest that misoprostol has fewer intraoperative complications and is more effective than dinoprostone.There is also low quality evidence to suggest that laminaria may be more effective than misoprostol, with uncertain effects for complication rates. However the possible benefits of laminaria need to be weighed against the inconvenience of its insertion and retention for one to two days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haya Al‐Fozan
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical CityObstetrics & Gynaecology/IVF and Reproductive Endoscopic surgeryMail Code 1240, PO Box 22490RiyadhSaudi Arabia11426 KSA
| | - Belal Firwana
- University of MissouriDepartment of MedicineOne Hospital DriveColumbiaMOUSA65212
| | - Hanan Al Kadri
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine King Abdulaziz Medical City RiyadhObstetrics & GynaecologyPO Box 57374RiyadhSaudi Arabia11574
| | - Samar Hassan
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard HospitalObstetrics and GynecologyP.O.Box 22490RiyadhSaudi Arabia11426
| | - Togas Tulandi
- McGill UniversityObstetrics and GynecologyMontrealQCCanada
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Marret H, Simon E, Beucher G, Dreyfus M, Gaudineau A, Vayssière C, Lesavre M, Pluchon M, Winer N, Fernandez H, Aubert J, Bejan-Angoulvant T, Jonville-Bera A, Clouqueur E, Houfflin-Debarge V, Garrigue A, Pierre F. Overview and expert assessment of off-label use of misoprostol in obstetrics and gynaecology: review and report by the Collège national des gynécologues obstétriciens français. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 187:80-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hysteroscopy: guidelines for clinical practice from the French College of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 178:114-22. [PMID: 24835861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to provide guidelines for clinical practice from the French College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CNGOF), based on the best evidence available, concerning hysteroscopy. Vaginoscopy should be the standard technique for diagnostic hysteroscopy (Grade A) using a miniature (≤3.5mm sheath) (Grade A) rigid hysteroscope (Grade C), using normal saline solution distension medium (Grade C), without any anaesthesia (conscious sedation should not be routinely used), without cervical preparation (Grade B), without vaginal disinfection and without antibiotic prophylaxy (Grade B). Misoprostol (Grade A), vaginal oestrogens (Grade C), or GnRH agonist routine administration is not recommended before operative hysteroscopy. Before performing hysteroscopy, it is important to purge the air out of the system (Grade A). The uterine cavity distention pressure should be maintained below the mean arterial pressure and below 120mm Hg. The maximum fluid deficit of 2000ml is suggested when using normal saline solution and 1000ml is suggested when using hypotonic solution. When uterine perforation is recognized during operative hysteroscopy using monopolar or bipolar loop, the procedure should be stopped and a laparoscopy should be performed in order to eliminate a bowel injury. Diagnostic or operative hysteroscopy is allowed when an endometrial cancer is suspected (Grade B). Implementation of this guideline should decrease the prevalence of complications related to hysteroscopy.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the interest of misoprostol in gynaecology and particularly for cervical priming. METHOD Research in PubMed in English and French about misoprostol and its use in gynaecology. RESULTS We summarized the results of 3 meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials and literature review. Results show that misoprostol did not scientifically prove a benefit for cervical priming before hysteroscopy or before intra-uterine device (IUD). Results are the same with post-menopausal or nulliparous women. It did not lead either to lower the complications but increase adverse effects. CONCLUSION It is not indicated to use misoprostol for cervical priming in gynaecology.
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[Prevention of the complications related to hysteroscopy: guidelines for clinical practice]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 42:1032-49. [PMID: 24210234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) from the French college of obstetrics and gynecology (CNGOF), based on the best evidence available, concerning the adverse events related to hysteroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Review of literature using following Keywords: hysteroscopy; vaginoscopy; infection; perforation; intrauterine adhesions RESULTS Vaginoscopy should be the standard technique for outpatient hysteroscopy (grade A) using a miniature (≤ 3.5mm sheath) (grade A) rigid hysteroscope (grade C), using normal saline solution distension medium (grade C), without any anesthesia (conscious sedation should not be routinely used), without cervical preparation (grade B), without vaginal disinfection and without antibiotic prophylaxy (grade B). Misoprostol (grade A), vaginal estrogens (grade C), or GnRH agonist routine administration is not recommended before operative hysteroscopy. Before performing hysteroscopy, it is important to purge the air out of the system (grade A). The uterine cavity distention pressure should be maintained below the mean arterial pressure and below 120 mmHg. The maximum fluid deficit of 2000 mL is suggested when using normal saline solution and 1000 mL is suggested when using hypotonic solution. When uterine perforation is recognized during operative hysteroscopy using monopolar or bipolar loop, the procedure should be stopped and a laparoscopy should be performed in order to eliminate a bowel injury. Diagnostic or operative hysteroscopy is allowed when an endometrial cancer is suspected (grade B). CONCLUSION Implementation of this guideline should decrease the prevalence of complications related to office and operative hysteroscopy.
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Vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming before dilation and curettage procedures on premenopausal and postmenopausal women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ebx.0000419640.39654.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Polyzos NP, Zavos A, Valachis A, Dragamestianos C, Blockeel C, Stoop D, Papanikolaou EG, Tournaye H, Devroey P, Messinis IE. Misoprostol prior to hysteroscopy in premenopausal and post-menopausal women. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2012; 18:393-404. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dms014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Cowman WL, Hansen JM, Hardy-Fairbanks AJ, Stockdale CK. Vaginal misoprostol aids in difficult intrauterine contraceptive removal: a report of three cases. Contraception 2012; 86:281-4. [PMID: 22364817 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine devices are the most used long-acting reversible contraceptive method worldwide. Under normal circumstances, removal of an intrauterine contraceptive (IUC) is an uncomplicated procedure requiring gentle traction on the string. STUDY DESIGN We report three cases of nonvisible IUC strings where, following use of vaginal misoprostol, the IUC strings were visualized and the IUCs were removed intact with gentle traction. CONCLUSIONS The uterotonic and uterocontractile effects following vaginal misoprostol facilitated removal in three cases of nonvisible IUC strings. We suggest that clinicians consider including vaginal misoprostol alone or prior to planned repeat office or procedure-clinic interventions for nonvisible IUC strings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney L Cowman
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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