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Gürpınar T, Kosova F, Kurt FO, Cambaz SU, Yücel AT, Umur N, Tuğlu MI. Effect of geldanamycin on the expression of the matrix molecules and angiogenetic factors in a gastric cancer cell line. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:111-116. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1772507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Gürpınar
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - F. Kosova
- Department of Biology, School of Vocational Health Service, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - F. O. Kurt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - S. U. Cambaz
- Department of Midwifery, Health Science Faculty, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - A. T. Yücel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Vocational Health Service, ManisaCelal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - N. Umur
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Vocational Health Service, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - M. I. Tuğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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Ray A, Cleary MP. The potential role of leptin in tumor invasion and metastasis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 38:80-97. [PMID: 29158066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adipocyte-released hormone-like cytokine/adipokine leptin behaves differently in obesity compared to its functions in the normal healthy state. In obese individuals, elevated leptin levels act as a pro-inflammatory adipokine and are associated with certain types of cancers. Further, a growing body of evidence suggests that higher circulating leptin concentrations and/or elevated expression of leptin receptors (Ob-R) in tumors may be poor prognostic factors. Although the underlying pathological mechanisms of leptin's association with poor prognosis are not clear, leptin can impact the tumor microenvironment in several ways. For example, leptin is associated with a number of biological components that could lead to tumor cell invasion and distant metastasis. This includes interactions with carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, tumor promoting effects of infiltrating macrophages, activation of matrix metalloproteinases, transforming growth factor-β signaling, etc. Recent studies also have shown that leptin plays a role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, an important phenomenon for cancer cell migration and/or metastasis. Furthermore, leptin's potentiating effects on insulin-like growth factor-I, epidermal growth factor receptor and HER2/neu have been reported. Regarding unfavorable prognosis, leptin has been shown to influence both adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Features of poor prognosis such as tumor invasion, lymph node involvement and distant metastasis have been recorded in several cancer types with higher levels of leptin and/or Ob-R. This review will describe the current scenario in a precise manner. In general, obesity indicates poor prognosis in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabha Ray
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Seton Hill University, Greensburg, PA 15601, United States
| | - Margot P Cleary
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, United States.
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Gün İ, Özdamar Ö, Küçükodacı Z, Muhçu M, Demirel D. Could S6K1 immunopositivity be used to distinguish early and advanced stages of endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma? J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2016; 17:163-7. [PMID: 27651726 DOI: 10.5152/jtgga.2016.16071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether the immunopositivity of S6K1, a crucial effector of the mTOR signaling pathway, varies between early-stage low-grade and advanced-stage high-grade endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EEA) as well as to discuss its prognostic significance. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 22 normal endometrial tissue samples (Control group) and 41 EEA specimens (Study group) were enrolled in the study, and all the samples underwent immunohistochemical staining for S6 kinase alpha (S6K1). The study group was further evaluated in two subgroups; stage 1A, grade 1 (Group 1) and stage ≥1A, grade 2 or 3 (Group 2). Group 2 patients were considered as a poor prognosis for EEA. The samples were examined by two independent pathologists. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student's t-test for continuous variables, the Chi-square test for categorical variables, and one-way analysis of variance for the comparison of multiple variables. RESULTS The immunopositivity rate for all the included EEA patients was 56.1%, whereas none of the 22 normal endometrial tissue samples revealed immunoreactivity for S6K1. The immunopositivity rates were significantly different between Groups 1 and 2 [38.1% (8/21) and 75.0% (15/20), respectively, p=0.039]. When S6K1 positivity was used as a criterion of poor prognosis in EEA, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated to be 62%, 75%, 72%, and 65%, respectively (OR: 4.9 and 95% CI: 1.3-18.7). CONCLUSION S6K1 was positive in the majority of EEAs and malignancies at an advanced stage. Higher grade disease had a significantly higher rate of S6K1 positivity. S6K1 immunopositivity appears to be a promising method to predict poor prognosis in EEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmet Gün
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpaşa Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özkan Özdamar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İstanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Zafer Küçükodacı
- Department of Pathology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpaşa Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Muhçu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpaşa Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilaver Demirel
- Department of Pathology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpaşa Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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Painter JN, Kaufmann S, O'Mara TA, Hillman KM, Sivakumaran H, Darabi H, Cheng THT, Pearson J, Kazakoff S, Waddell N, Hoivik EA, Goode EL, Scott RJ, Tomlinson I, Dunning AM, Easton DF, French JD, Salvesen HB, Pollock PM, Thompson DJ, Spurdle AB, Edwards SL. A Common Variant at the 14q32 Endometrial Cancer Risk Locus Activates AKT1 through YY1 Binding. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:1159-1169. [PMID: 27259051 PMCID: PMC4908177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent meta-analysis of multiple genome-wide association and follow-up endometrial cancer case-control datasets identified a novel genetic risk locus for this disease at chromosome 14q32.33. To prioritize the functional SNP(s) and target gene(s) at this locus, we employed an in silico fine-mapping approach using genotyped and imputed SNP data for 6,608 endometrial cancer cases and 37,925 controls of European ancestry. Association and functional analyses provide evidence that the best candidate causal SNP is rs2494737. Multiple experimental analyses show that SNP rs2494737 maps to a silencer element located within AKT1, a member of the PI3K/AKT/MTOR intracellular signaling pathway activated in endometrial tumors. The rs2494737 risk A allele creates a YY1 transcription factor-binding site and abrogates the silencer activity in luciferase assays, an effect mimicked by transfection of YY1 siRNA. Our findings suggest YY1 is a positive regulator of AKT1, mediating the stimulatory effects of rs2494737 increasing endometrial cancer risk. Identification of an endometrial cancer risk allele within a member of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, more commonly activated in tumors by somatic alterations, raises the possibility that well tolerated inhibitors targeting this pathway could be candidates for evaluation as chemopreventive agents in individuals at high risk of developing endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie N Painter
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Susanne Kaufmann
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Tracy A O'Mara
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Kristine M Hillman
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Haran Sivakumaran
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Timothy H T Cheng
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - John Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Stephen Kazakoff
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Erling A Hoivik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, N5020 Bergen, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, N5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; Pathology North (Newcastle) John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; Centre for Information Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Juliet D French
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Helga B Salvesen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, N5020 Bergen, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, N5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Pamela M Pollock
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology at the Translation Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, Australia
| | - Deborah J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Stacey L Edwards
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
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