Route of postpartum oxytocin administration and maternal hemoglobin decline - A randomized controlled trial

Side-effects of intravenously versus intramuscularly oxytocin for postpartum hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background: Oxytocin is the gold standard uterotonic agent for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. However, there is no consensus with clear evidence about the side-effects of oxytocin administered intravenously or intramuscularly for management of the third stage of labor. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the side-effects of intravenously or intramuscularly oxytocin for preventing postpartum hemorrhage in the third stage of labor. Methods: Six representative databases were searched from the inception to July 2023. Randomized controlled trials which explored the intravenously and intramuscularly oxytocin and provided at least one side-effect were included. Statistical analysis included random or fixed-effect meta-analyses using relative risk. Results: Nine studies included, involving 8,295 participants. Ten types of side-effects were reported. There was no statistical difference in hypotension (RR = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.88-1.15), anemia (0.98, 0.83-1.15), tachycardia (0.90, 0.69-1.17), shivering (0.90, 0.69-1.17), headache (0.86, 0.31-2.37), nausea (0.70, 0.20-2.42), vomiting (0.97, 0.26-3.58), uvular edema (0.82, 0.23-2.91), diarrhea (0.97, 0.26-3.58), and fever (0.97, 0.26-3.58) between intravenously or intramuscularly groups. Conclusion: There are no significant differences of side-effects between intravenously and intramuscularly administration of oxytocin for preventing postpartum hemorrhage in the third labor. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=407571.

Rapid and sensitifve fluorescence determination of oxytocin using nitrogen-doped carbon dots as fluorophores

In this work, a novel nitrogen (N)-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) was prepared with quercetin as the carbon source and o-phenylenediamine as the nitrogen source by hydrothermal synthesis, and their application as fluorophores for selective and sensitive determination of oxytocin were reported. The fluorescence quantum yield of the as-prepared N-CDs, which exhibited good water solubility and photostability, was about 6.45 % using rhodamine 6 G as reference substance, and the maximum excitation (E_x) and emission (E_m) wavelength were 460 nm and 542 nm, respectively. The results illustrated that the direct fluorescence quenching of N-CDs fluorophore for the detection of oxytocin achieved good linearity in the range of 0.2-5.0 IU/mL and 5.0-10.0 IU/mL, the correlation coefficients were 0.9954 and 0.9909, respectively, and the detection limit was 0.0196 IU/mL (S/N = 3). The recovery rates were 98.8∼103.8 % with RSD= 0.93 %. The interference experiments showed that common metal ions, possible impurities introduced in production and coexisting excipients in the preparation had little adverse influence on selective detection of oxytocin by the developed N-CDs based fluorescent detection method. The mechanism study on the fluorescence quenching of N-CDs by oxytocin concentrations under the given experimental conditions demonstrated that there were internal filtration effect and static quenching in the system. The developed fluorescence analysis platform for the detection of oxytocin had been proved to be rapid, sensitive, specific and accurate, and to be used for the quality inspection of oxytocin.