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Garcia-Quintero X, Pedraza EC, Cuervo-Suarez MI, Correa I, Baker JN, McNeil MJ. Implementation of a hospital-based end-of-life and bereavement care program in a latin American middle-income country. A source of light and compassion in the midst of cloudy times. BMC Palliat Care 2024; 23:190. [PMID: 39075481 PMCID: PMC11285602 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-024-01522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The death of a child is one of the most devastating events a family can face, resulting in significant physical and psychosocial morbidity. Bereavement support programs have been developed in high-income contexts to address this need. However, little is known about implementing bereavement programs in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Here, we describe the implementation of a bereavement program for parents whose children died due to cancer or other catastrophic illnesses. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis to describe the implementation of a hospital-based End of Life (EoL) care and bereavement program. This program was developed in several stages, including an assessment of bereaved families, development program guidelines, staff training, piloting of the program, refinement, and standardization. The program was developed between 2019 and 2021 in a nonprofit, teaching hospital and referral center for southwestern Colombia. RESULTS Several tools were developed as key components of the bereavement program: a virtual bereavement course; guidance for EoL and bereavement communication and care, memory making, and follow-up calls; a condolence letter template, and group support workshops. A total of 956 healthcare professionals were trained, 258 follow-up calls to bereaved parents were made, 150 individual psychological follow-ups to parents with complicated grief occurred, 79 condolence letters were sent, and 10 support group workshops were carried out. Challenges were identified and overcome, such as limited resources and staff, and cultural perceptions of death. In 2021, this program received an award by the hospital as the Best Strategy to Humanize Healthcare. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the feasibility of developing and implementing EoL and bereavement care programs for parents and families within hospitals in LMICs. Lack of resources, staff, and training are some of the identified challenges to implementation. Utilizing methodological tools allows us to identify facilitator factors and deliverable outcomes of our EoL and bereavement program. This model provides a valuable framework for resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Garcia-Quintero
- Department of Global Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 260, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| | - Eddy Carolina Pedraza
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Alpenquai 4, Lucerne, 6005, Switzerland
| | - María Isabel Cuervo-Suarez
- Pediatric Palliative Care, Maternal and Child Department, Fundación Valle de Lili, Avenida Simon Bolivar, Cra. 98 # 18-49, Cali, 760032, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Icesi, Cali, 760032, Colombia
| | - Isabel Correa
- Pediatric Palliative Care, Maternal and Child Department, Fundación Valle de Lili, Avenida Simon Bolivar, Cra. 98 # 18-49, Cali, 760032, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Icesi, Cali, 760032, Colombia
| | - Justin N Baker
- Division of Quality of Life and Pediatric Palliative Care, Stanford Medicine Children's Health, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Michael J McNeil
- Department of Global Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 260, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Fisher RS, Dattilo TM, DeLone AM, Basile NL, Kenney AE, Hill KN, Chang HF, Gerhardt CA, Mullins LL. The study of psychosocial outcomes of parents bereaved by pediatric illness: a scoping review of methodology and sample composition. J Pediatr Psychol 2024; 49:207-223. [PMID: 38423530 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parents of children who died of a medical condition experience a range of psychosocial outcomes. The current scoping review aims to summarize the outcomes assessed, methodology, and sample characteristics of recent psychosocial research conducted with this population. METHODS Included studies were limited to peer-reviewed, psychosocial outcomes research published between August 2011 and August 2022, written in English, and including caregiver study participants of children who died of a medical condition. Data sources were scholarly journal articles from 9 electronic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, Academic Search Primer, ProQuest Research Library, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool-2018 evaluated methodological quality. RESULTS The study sample included 106 studies, most of which were either qualitative (60%) or quantitative (29%). Mixed-methods studies (8%) and randomized clinical trials (2%) were also identified. Study quality was variable, but most studies met all quality criteria (73%). Studies primarily represented cancer populations (58%), White participants (71%), and mothers (66%). Risk-based psychosocial outcomes (e.g., grief) were more commonly assessed than resilience-based outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The current scoping review revealed that recent research assessing the psychosocial outcomes of bereaved parents is limited in the representation of diverse populations, primarily qualitative, of broadly strong methodological quality, and oriented to psychosocial risk. To enhance the state of the science and inform evidence-based psychosocial services, future research should consider varied methodologies to comprehensively assess processes of risk and resilience with demographically and medically diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Taylor M Dattilo
- Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Alexandra M DeLone
- Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Nathan L Basile
- Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Ansley E Kenney
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kylie N Hill
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hui-Fen Chang
- William E. Brock Memorial Library, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Cynthia A Gerhardt
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Larry L Mullins
- Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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Hansson H, Björk M, Santacroce SJ, Raunkiaer M. End-of-life palliative home care for children with cancer: A qualitative study on parents' experiences. Scand J Caring Sci 2023; 37:917-926. [PMID: 35072276 DOI: 10.1111/scs.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is insufficient knowledge available about the impact of paediatric palliative care at home on meeting family needs and ensuring the highest quality of care for the dying child. The aim of this study was to elucidate parents' experiences of how and why home-based paediatric palliative care impacted the entire family during their child's final phase of life. METHODS The study used a qualitative design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the bereaved parents of children who had received palliative care at home from a paediatric cancer hospital department programme that was based on collaboration with community nurses and the paediatric palliative care service. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, and qualitative content analysis was applied. The Ecocultural theory was used to explain the findings. RESULTS Three main themes emerged: (1) involvement enabling a sense of control and coping, (2) sustaining participation in everyday family life routines and (3) making room for presence and comfort during and after the end-of-life trajectory. CONCLUSION End-of-life palliative care at home can enable parents and other family members to maintain a sense of control, presence and semblance of everyday life. It contributes to managing and alleviating the burden and distress during the last phase of the child's life and during bereavement. We suggest that healthcare professionals support family members in participation and daily life routines and activities during a child's EOL care, as it affects the well-being of the entire family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Hansson
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet and Associate Professor at Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Björk
- CHILD Research Group at the Department of Nursing Science, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Sheila Judge Santacroce
- Beerstecher-Blackwell Distinguished Scholar at School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mette Raunkiaer
- Danish Knowledge Centre for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care (REHPA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Nyborg, Denmark
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Sisk B. Parental regret in pediatric oncology: What are we measuring? Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30598. [PMID: 37488064 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Sisk
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Bioethics Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Kim Y, Lee DH, Jeon HJ. A Longitudinal Perspective on Bereaved Parent's Changes in Life Experience after the 2014 Sewol Ferry Sinking. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2022; 85:520-553. [PMID: 32772640 DOI: 10.1177/0030222820947238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study compared reports of parental life experiences from bereaved parents at two and five years after the death of their adolescent children due to the sinking of the Sewol Ferry in South Korea. Twelve bereaved parents (eight mothers and four fathers from eight families) were interviewed regarding the changes and stabilities they experienced over time at two time points of data collection. Twenty-eight in-depth interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Outcomes of parental bereavement and changes in life over time may be classified into four main categories: (a) personal changes, (b) changes in perspectives, (c) changes in family relationship, and (d) changes in social relationship and work attitude. This study includes a detailed examination of the phenomenon among the bereaved parents. Discussions and implications are provided based on the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewon Kim
- Department of Education, Traumatic Stress Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Education, Traumatic Stress Center, Sungkyunkwan University College of Education, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Correia ME, Melo T, Nobre J. Grieving Experiences of Parents with Children in End-of-Life Care—A Qualitative Review Protocol. NURSING REPORTS 2022; 12:426-430. [PMID: 35894031 PMCID: PMC9326657 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep12030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parents that accompany their children in end-of-life care until death go through a devastating, complex and vulnerable situation, which is experienced in a unique way and with individual needs, given the specificity of the palliative care setting in which it occurs. This qualitative review aims to identify and synthesize the best evidence available on the grieving experiences of parents with children in end-of-life care in a palliative care setting. This qualitative review protocol is according to the review method proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The results will enable us to identify how parents of children in end-of-life care in a palliative care setting experience their grieving process. This review will broaden the horizon of understanding of the specificities of the grieving experience of parents who have accompanied their children in end-of-life care until their death in a palliative care setting and promote research in this context. The results of the review will also allow the construction of an “end-of-life grieving script”, with the aim of identifying one’s individuality in the grieving process. This protocol is registered at Open Science Framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Correia
- Nursing Research, Innovation and Development Centre of Lisbon (CIDNUR), 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
- Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Tânia Melo
- Paediatric Hospital of the Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Nursing School of Coimbra, 3000-232 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Nobre
- Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal;
- VALORIZA—Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal
- Nursing Research Unit for South and Islands (NURSE’IN), 2914-503 Setubal, Portugal
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Mitchell S, Slowther AM, Coad J, Bertaud S, Dale J. Facilitators and barriers to the delivery of palliative care to children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions: a qualitative study of the experiences and perceptions of healthcare professionals. Arch Dis Child 2022; 107:59-64. [PMID: 33980510 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-321808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand healthcare system facilitators and barriers to the delivery of palliative care for children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions and their family members. DESIGN Focus groups with children's palliative care professionals. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. SETTING Four regions of England (West Midlands, South West, Yorkshire and Humber, and London) from December 2017 to June 2018. PARTICIPANTS Healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses and allied healthcare professionals) working in children's palliative care services. FINDINGS A total of 71 healthcare professionals participated in the focus groups. Three overarching themes were identified which influenced whether and when children were referred to and started to receive palliative care: (1) the unspoken background of clinical uncertainty which often delayed palliative care; (2) the cultural 'collusion of immortality', where conversations about the possibility of dying can be avoided or deferred; and (3) the role of paediatric palliative care teams in 'illuminating the blind spot' of palliative care as well as providing hands-on care. CONCLUSIONS Palliative care is a holistic approach to care that focuses on quality of life for people living with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions that can be delivered alongside active treatment. There is a need to prioritise and integrate this into healthcare services for children more effectively if improvements in care are to be realised. While more specialist paediatric palliative care services are needed, the unspoken background of clinical uncertainty needs to be addressed together with the collusion of immortality within healthcare culture and organisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mitchell
- Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK .,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Jane Coad
- University of Nottingham School of Health Sciences, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sophie Bertaud
- The Louis Dundas Centre for Children's Palliative Care, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Jeremy Dale
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Vig PS, Lim JY, Lee RWL, Huang H, Tan XH, Lim WQ, Lim MBXY, Lee ASI, Chiam M, Lim C, Baral VR, Krishna LKR. Parental bereavement - impact of death of neonates and children under 12 years on personhood of parents: a systematic scoping review. BMC Palliat Care 2021; 20:136. [PMID: 34481491 PMCID: PMC8418708 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-021-00831-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Losing a child tragically impacts the well-being and functioning of parents. With these effects extending beyond emotional, physical morbidity and compromising self-perceptions, appropriate, longitudinal, timely and personalised support is key to effective care of bereaved parents. However, in the absence of a comprehensive understanding of parental bereavement, effective support of bereaved parents remains suboptimal. To address this gap, we scrutinise prevailing data on the effects of a child's death, aged 0-12 years, through the lens of the Ring Theory of Personhood (RToP). METHODS To study prevailing accounts of bereaved parents following the death of a child, we adopt Krishna's Systematic Evidence Based Approach (SEBA) to structure our Systematic Scoping Review (SSR in SEBA). RESULTS Three thousand seventy-four abstracts were reviewed, 160 full text articles were evaluated, and 111 articles were included and analysed using thematic and content analysis. Four themes/categories were identified relating to the four rings of the RToP. Findings reveal that static concepts of protective and risk factors for grief are misplaced and that the support of healthcare professionals is key to assisting bereaved parents. CONCLUSION In the absence of consistent support of bereaved parents, this study highlights the need for effective training of healthcare professionals, beginning with an appreciation that every aspect of an individual parent's personhood is impacted by the loss of their child. Acknowledging grief as a complex, evolving and personalised process subjected to parental characteristics, settings, context and available support, this SSR in SEBA calls attention to effective nurturing of the relationship between parents and healthcare professionals, and suggests use of the RToP to assess and direct personalised, timely, specific support of parents in evolving conditions. We believe the findings of this review also call for further studies to support healthcare professionals as they journey with bereaved parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Simran Vig
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Jia Yin Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Randal Wei Liang Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Huixin Huang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Xiu Hui Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Wei Qiang Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Marie Bernadette Xin Yi Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Alexia Sze Inn Lee
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Min Chiam
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Crystal Lim
- Medical Social Services, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Block 3 Level 1, Singapore, 169608 Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Vijayendra Ranjan Baral
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Block 5 Level 4, Singapore, 169608 Singapore
| | - Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
- Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Academic Palliative & End of Life Care Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Blk MD11, 10 Medical Drive, #02-03, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
- PalC, The Palliative Care Centre for Excellence in Research and Education, PalC c/o Dover Park Hospice, 10 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308436 Singapore
- Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Rd, Liverpool, L3 9TA UK
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Examining the Experiences and Support Needs of Bereaved Parents After the Death of a Child During Early Adulthood From Cancer. Cancer Nurs 2021; 45:E719-E727. [PMID: 34483281 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents experience unique grief, which may be experienced differently by mothers and fathers. A lack of knowledge about the particular bereavement experiences of the parents of young adults exists. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate experiences and support needs of parents after the death of a child (aged 16-29 years) from cancer, exploring changes over time. METHODS The study used a Charmazian constructivist grounded theory approach. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 parents (7 mothers and 4 fathers) purposefully sampled and bereaved between 15 months and 7 years. Data were analyzed inductively using the constant comparative approach for category development. RESULTS "Living with continual loss" emerged as the core category central to parents' experiences of bereavement. Feelings of continual loss were compounded by parents' lack of information ("grieving in the dark") and a perceived lack of understanding from families and friends ("grieving alone"). Parents discovered strategies to manage the feeling of loss: "changing routines," "preserving the meaning of home," "maintaining memories and presence," and "sharing experiences." CONCLUSIONS This is the first study focusing solely on the experiences and support needs of bereaved parents of young adults who have died of cancer. Parents live with a continual sense of loss irrespective of the length of bereavement, and a lack of bereavement information and empathetic emotional support can exist. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The need for improved information giving and development of peer support for bereaved parents has been identified. Cancer centers have a continuing role in developing and providing this support.
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Chen H, He Q, Zeng Y, Wang L, Yu H, Yin W, Jiang Y, Liu L. Feeling like the sky is falling down: Experiences of parents of adolescents diagnosed with cancer in one-child families in China - A qualitative study. J Clin Nurs 2021; 31:733-743. [PMID: 34258803 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of the one-child policy of 1979, today there are numerous one-child families with adolescents in Mainland China. Little is known about the experiences of parents of such adolescents diagnosed with cancer. OBJECTIVES This study explored the experiences of parents whose adolescent child was diagnosed with cancer in one-child families in China. METHODS A qualitative methodology based on hermeneutic phenomenology was employed. The participants were parents of adolescent cancer patients in one-child families. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and analysed using van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The COREQ checklist was used for this study. RESULTS Fourteen parents (eleven mothers, three fathers) participated in the study. One overarching theme emerged: feeling like the sky is falling down. In addition, there were five related themes: self-condemnation; 'white lies' - that is, difficulty in telling the truth; struggling with a sense of collapse; fear of losing the child and hopelessness. Almost all the participants experienced insomnia after learning about the diagnosis. In a few cases, hopelessness-induced suicidal ideation or even suicidal behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Parents of adolescents diagnosed with cancer in one-child families in China experienced extremely painful emotions. The truth about their child's condition not only caused immense psychological trauma but also induced pessimism about their own future. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE The experiences of parents in one-child families where an adolescent child has been diagnosed with cancer should be taken seriously. In addition, support should be provided to help parents maintain a normal life and feel hopeful for their future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Nursing Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaqin Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenrong Yin
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Nursing Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Carreño-Moreno S, Arias-Rojas M, Chaparro-Díaz L. Seeking an Adjustment from the Unnatural to the Supernatural: The Experience of Losing a Child from Cancer in Colombia. Indian J Palliat Care 2021; 27:23-30. [PMID: 34035613 PMCID: PMC8121221 DOI: 10.4103/ijpc.ijpc_72_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The death of a child with cancer can be devastating for his or her parents. This study sought to understand the way in which the process of parental grief develops after the death of a child with cancer. Methods The research used a grounded theory approach, in which 18 participants were enrolled including parents whose child died from cancer 5 months to 5 years before. In-depth interviews were conducted, which were analyzed using constant comparisons until theoretical saturation was reached. Results Fifteen subcategories were identified and grouped into three categories that explain what the grieving process represents to the parents over time (a) crossing a desert, (b) dying while alive, and (c) coming back to life. From the emerging relationships among the categories, the core category "seeking adjustment from the unnatural to the supernatural" arises. The results show that grief begins from the moment of diagnosis until long after the child's death. For parents, it entails understanding the disruption in the natural course of life, going through indescribable pain, and being spiritually reconnected with their child. Conclusions These results enable nurses to design comprehensive interventions that meet the described needs of these parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Carreño-Moreno
- Research Group Nursing Care for the Chronic Patient, Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Arias-Rojas
- Department of Vocational Training, Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Antioquia, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Lorena Chaparro-Díaz
- Research Group Nursing Care for the Chronic Patient, Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Rasouli O, Aarseth Bø M, Reinfjell T, Moksnes UK, Eilertsen MEB. Protective and risk factors associated with psychological distress in cancer-bereaved parents: A cross-sectional study. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2021; 51:101929. [PMID: 33713920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2021.101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research shows that knowledge about mental health status, both protective and risk factors, is limited in cancer-bereaved parents. The study aimed to investigate (1) the extent of psychological distress in bereaved parents 2-8 years after the loss of a child to cancer compared to non-bereaved parents, and (2) psychological distress in association with resilience, the extent of having coped with the grief, time since the loss, and past psychological distress in cancer-bereaved parents. DESIGN Retrospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS A Norwegian nationwide study-specific questionnaire was completed by 162 parents who had lost a child to cancer, and 77 matched non-bereaved parents. We used the Cohort Norway-Mental Health Index and Resilience Scale for Adults to measure psychological distress and resilience, respectively. The extent of having coped with grief was also measured. RESULTS Bereaved parents experienced significantly more symptoms of psychological distress, albeit not clinical psychological distress, compared to non-bereaved parents. The bereaved parents who have coped with their grief or had higher resilience reported lower psychological distress. Positive "Perception of self" and well "Planned future" were the strongest predictors of psychological distress in both bereaved fathers and mothers. CONCLUSION Both fathers and mothers experience more psychological distress symptoms 2-8 years after losing a child to cancer than non-bereaved parents. The findings also highlight the need for long-term support to bereaved parents in order to help to improve their resilience and to better cope with their grief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Rasouli
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Malin Aarseth Bø
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Out-patient Clinic (BUP) Orkanger, Division of Mental Health Care, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Trude Reinfjell
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Unni Karin Moksnes
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, North University, Norway.
| | - Mary-Elizabeth B Eilertsen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Tan AJN, Tiew LH, Shorey S. Experiences and needs of parents of palliative paediatric oncology patients: A meta-synthesis. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2020; 30:e13388. [PMID: 33336528 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite palliative care being offered to paediatric cancer patients, it has limited utilisation and often excludes parental support. Therefore, this review aims to consolidate evidence regarding experiences and needs of parents of end-of-life palliative paediatric oncology patients. METHODS Six electronic databases were searched as follows: CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and PsycINFO. Included studies were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklist. They were then analysed using a two-step approach comprising firstly meta-summaries followed by meta-synthesis for generating fresh insights to the topic. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included. Three themes emerged as follows: (1) normalising the pain; (2) failure as a parent; and (3) importance of communication and social support. Parental experiences included moving on despite the pain and harbouring hopes for their children. However, parents felt immense guilt and a sense of failure in carrying out their parental roles. Effective communication with healthcare providers, availability of family support and religion were necessary to help them cope. CONCLUSIONS Given the emotional challenges faced by parents, healthcare policies and practices should be revised to include parental support in paediatric palliative care services. Future healthcare communication trainings should consider parental need for sensitivity in communication, empathy and kindness from healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Jue Ning Tan
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lay Hua Tiew
- Ang Mo Kio-Thye Hua Kwan Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Arias-Rojas M, Carreño-Moreno S, Rojas-Reyes J. Uncertainty Towards the Disease of Family Caregivers of Patients in Palliative Care: A Scoping Review. AQUICHAN 2020. [DOI: 10.5294/aqui.2020.20.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To know the development of the scientific evidence on the uncertainty towards the disease of family caregivers of patients in palliative care.
Materials and methods: A descriptive scoping review. A search was conducted in the Embase, ScienceDirect, Medline, Academic Search Complete, Scopus databases, during the 2000-2019 period. The following MeSH terms were used: uncertainty, palliative care, end of life, nursing and caregiver. Fifty articles were selected after the criticism process.
Results: Five thematic nuclei emerged: characterization of uncertainty in the caregiver, factors influencing uncertainty, resources to manage uncertainty, uncertainty assessment, and therapies and interventions to approach uncertainty. The higher scale of evidence is found in the characterization of uncertainty in the caregiver, and the voids direct the development of Nursing interventions on the uncertainty of the caregivers of individuals in palliative care.
Conclusions: Although the factors influencing uncertainty towards the disease of the caregiver are widely explored, the evidence on the interventions that may help to reduce uncertainty towards the disease is still limited.
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Sisk BA, Friedrich A, Blazin LJ, Baker JN, Mack JW, DuBois J. Communication in Pediatric Oncology: A Qualitative Study. Pediatrics 2020; 146:peds.2020-1193. [PMID: 32820068 PMCID: PMC7461134 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When children are seriously ill, parents rely on communication with their clinicians. However, in previous research, researchers have not defined how this communication should function in pediatric oncology. We aimed to identify these communication functions from parental perspectives. METHODS Semistructured interviews with 78 parents of children with cancer from 3 academic medical centers at 1 of 3 time points: treatment, survivorship, or bereavement. We analyzed interview transcripts using inductive and deductive coding. RESULTS We identified 8 distinct functions of communication in pediatric oncology. Six of these functions are similar to previous findings from adult oncology: (1) building relationships, (2) exchanging information, (3) enabling family self-management, (4) making decisions, (5) managing uncertainty, and (6) responding to emotions. We also identified 2 functions not previously described in the adult literature: (7) providing validation and (8) supporting hope. Supporting hope manifested as emphasizing the positives, avoiding false hopes, demonstrating the intent to cure, and redirecting toward hope beyond survival. Validation manifested as reinforcing "good parenting" beliefs, empowering parents as partners and advocates, and validating concerns. Although all functions seemed to interact, building relationships appeared to provide a relational context in which all other interpersonal communication occurred. CONCLUSIONS Parent interviews provided evidence for 8 distinct communication functions in pediatric oncology. Clinicians can use this framework to better understand and fulfill the communication needs of parents whose children have serious illness. Future work should be focused on measuring whether clinical teams are fulfilling these functions in various settings and developing interventions targeting these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A. Sisk
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of
Pediatrics and
| | - Annie Friedrich
- Albert Gnaegi Center for Health Care Ethics, Saint
Louis University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Lindsay J. Blazin
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s
Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Justin N. Baker
- Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care
and,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s
Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer W. Mack
- Division of Population Sciences, McGraw Patterson
Center for Population Sciences and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber
Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; and,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston
Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James DuBois
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of
Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis,
Missouri
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Parents' Wishes for What They Had or Had Not Done and Their Coping After Their Infant's or Child's Neonatal Intensive Care Unit/Pediatric Intensive Care Unit/Emergency Department Death. J Hosp Palliat Nurs 2020; 21:333-343. [PMID: 30933014 DOI: 10.1097/njh.0000000000000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This qualitative study asked 70 mothers and 26 fathers 3 open-ended questions on what they wish they had and had not done and on coping 2, 4, 6, and 13 months after their infant's/child's neonatal intensive care unit/pediatric intensive care unit/emergency department death. Mothers wished they spent more time with the child, chosen different treatments, advocated for care changes, and allowed the child his or her wishes. Fathers wished they had spent more time with the child and gotten care earlier. Mothers wished they had not agreed to child's surgery/treatment, taken her own actions (self-blame), and left the hospital before the death. Fathers wished they had not been so hard on the child, agreed with doctors/treatment, and taken own actions (self-blame). Religious activities, caring for herself, and talking about/with the deceased child were the most frequent mothers' coping strategies; those of the fathers were caring for self and religious activities. Both mothers and fathers wished they had spent more time with their child and had not agreed to surgery/treatments. The most frequent coping was caring for themselves, likely to care for the family and retain employment. Nurses must be sensitive to parents' need for time with their infant/child before and after death and to receive information on child's treatments at levels and in languages they understand.
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Daniels-Howell C. Caring for Children With Life-Limiting Illness in Bloemfontein, South Africa: Challenging the Assumptions of the 'Good Death'. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2020; 85:317-344. [PMID: 32703072 DOI: 10.1177/0030222820944099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Theories of good death focused on acceptance, control, and meaning-making inform adult palliative care in high-resource settings. As children's palliative and hospice care (CPHC) develops in resource-limited settings, critical conceptualisations of a good death for children across these diverse settings are unknown. Assessed against high-resource setting tenets of good death from carer perspectives, results suggest: carer agency is limited; advanced discussion of death does not occur; distress results from multiple burdens; basic survival is prioritised; physical pain is not an emphasised experience; and carers publicly accept death quickly while private grief continues. Hegemonic conceptions of 'good death' for children do not occur in contexts where agency is constrained and discussing death is taboo, limiting open discussion, acceptance, and control of dying experiences. Alternate forms of discourse and good death could still occur. Critical, grounded conceptualisations of good death in individual resource-limited settings should occur in advance of CPHC development to effectively relieve expansive suffering in these contexts.
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Sisk BA, Friedrich AB, Mozersky J, Walsh H, DuBois J. Core Functions of Communication in Pediatric Medicine: an Exploratory Analysis of Parent and Patient Narratives. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2020; 35:256-263. [PMID: 30565162 PMCID: PMC6581646 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-018-1458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Communication in pediatrics is important for psychological well-being and health outcomes. However, consensus is lacking regarding the core functions of communication in pediatrics. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate whether and how core communication functions from adult oncology apply to communication in pediatric medicine and (2) to examine whether any unique core communication functions exist in pediatric medicine. We analyzed 36 narratives written by parents (n = 23) or former patients (n = 13) describing pediatric communication experiences with clinicians that were published in Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics. Utilizing deductive and inductive coding, we evaluated narratives for evidence of core communication functions previously documented in adult oncology. We also evaluated for novel functions not represented in adult oncology. We identified the presence of all adult core communication functions in pediatric narratives. We also found evidence of a novel function, "engendering solidarity and validation." We report clinician behaviors that appeared to facilitate or impair these core functions. Core communication functions in adult oncology apply to communication in pediatric medicine, but we also identified a novel communication function in pediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Sisk
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8005, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Annie B Friedrich
- Albert Gnaegi Center for Health Care Ethics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica Mozersky
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Heidi Walsh
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James DuBois
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Mitchell S, Bennett K, Morris A, Slowther AM, Coad J, Dale J. Achieving beneficial outcomes for children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions receiving palliative care and their families: A realist review. Palliat Med 2020; 34:387-402. [PMID: 31431129 PMCID: PMC7074600 DOI: 10.1177/0269216319870647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palliative care for children and young people is a growing global health concern with significant resource implications. Improved understanding of how palliative care provides benefits is necessary as the number of children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions rises. AIM The aim is to investigate beneficial outcomes in palliative care from the perspective of children and families and the contexts and hidden mechanisms through which these outcomes can be achieved. DESIGN This is a systematic realist review following the RAMESES standards. A protocol has been published in PROSPERO (registration no: CRD42018090646). DATA SOURCES An iterative literature search was conducted over 2 years (2015-2017). Empirical research and systematic reviews about the experiences of children and families in relation to palliative care were included. RESULTS Sixty papers were included. Narrative synthesis and realist analysis led to the proposal of context-mechanism-outcome configurations in four conceptual areas: (1) family adaptation, (2) the child's situation, (3) relationships with healthcare professionals and (4) access to palliative care services. The presence of two interdependent contexts, the 'expert' child and family and established relationships with healthcare professionals, triggers mechanisms, including advocacy and affirmation in decision-making, which lead to important outcomes including an ability to place the emphasis of care on lessening suffering. Important child and family outcomes underpin the delivery of palliative care. CONCLUSION Palliative care is a complex, multifactorial intervention. This review provides in-depth understanding into important contexts in which child and family outcomes can be achieved so that they benefit from palliative care and should inform future service development and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mitchell
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Karina Bennett
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Andrew Morris
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Jane Coad
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jeremy Dale
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Mitchell S, Spry JL, Hill E, Coad J, Dale J, Plunkett A. Parental experiences of end of life care decision-making for children with life-limiting conditions in the paediatric intensive care unit: a qualitative interview study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028548. [PMID: 31072863 PMCID: PMC6528052 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide an in-depth insight into the experience and perceptions of bereaved parents who have experienced end of life care decision-making for children with life-limiting or life-threatening conditions in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). DESIGN An in-depth qualitative interview study with a sample of parents of children with life-limiting or life-threatening conditions who had died in PICU within the previous 12 months. A thematic analysis was conducted on the interview transcripts. SETTING A PICU in a large National Health Service (NHS) tertiary children's hospital in the West Midlands, UK. PARTICIPANTS 17 parents of 11 children who had died in the PICU. RESULTS Five interconnected themes were identified related to end of life care decision-making:(1) parents have significant knowledge and experiences that influence the decision-making process.(2) Trusted relationships with healthcare professionals are key to supporting parents making end of life decisions.(3) Verbal and non-verbal communication with healthcare professionals impacts on the family experience.(4) Engaging with end of life care decision-making can be emotionally overwhelming, but becomes possible if parents reach a 'place of acceptance'.(5) Families perceive benefits to receiving end of life care for their child in a PICU. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The death of a child is an intensely emotional experience for all involved. This study adds to the limited evidence base related to parental experiences of end of life care decision-making and provides findings that have international relevance, particularly related to place of care and introduction of end of life care discussions. The expertise and previous experience of parents is highly relevant and should be acknowledged. End of life care decision-making is a complex and nuanced process; the information needs and preferences of each family are individual and need to be understood by the professionals involved in their care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mitchell
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, UK
| | - Jenna L Spry
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emma Hill
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jane Coad
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Jeremy Dale
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, UK
| | - Adrian Plunkett
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Chong PH, Walshe C, Hughes S. Perceptions of a Good Death in Children with Life-Shortening Conditions: An Integrative Review. J Palliat Med 2018; 22:714-723. [PMID: 30540549 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2018.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: For children with life-shortening illness, achieving a "good death" can be a tacit goal. There is little understanding of how different stakeholders perceive what a "good death" might be. Objective: To review empirical literature to construct an understanding of a "good death" for children with life-shortening conditions. Design: An integrative review approach was followed. This involved searching across Embase, Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, and PsycINFO (no date limits set), as well as identifying eligible studies tracking reference lists. Appraisal of shortlisted articles in full text was performed, followed by data extraction, synthesis, and interpretation. Results: Analysis of articles (n = 24) yielded a dynamic and layered narrative about a good death that revolved around three themes. (1) Level of needs: includes both practical support and aspirational goals such as "do everything." (2) The composite experience: whether positive or negative adds to produce a sense of suffering. (3) Control (preservation and letting go): moving from maintaining status quo to acceptance of the child's death, the experience of which also contributes to suffering. Framed using a health care system perspective, a concept map that interprets a good death in children with life-shortening conditions is represented. Conclusions: A single yet holistic understanding of a good death experienced in the "real world" is suggested. Pediatric health and social care providers, and even policy makers, can use this new understanding to conceive alternative approaches to enhance support to dying children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Walshe
- 2 International Observatory on End of Life Care, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Hughes
- 2 International Observatory on End of Life Care, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
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Nafratilova M, Allenidekania A, Wanda D. Still Hoping for a Miracle: Parents' Experiences in Caring for their Child with Cancer Under Palliative Care. Indian J Palliat Care 2018; 24:127-130. [PMID: 29736112 PMCID: PMC5915876 DOI: 10.4103/ijpc.ijpc_195_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Parents' despair and feelings of grief, as well as communication and coordination that is less than adequate between the parents and the palliative team, can affect the provision of a qualified palliative care plan for children and their families. Aims This study aims to explore the parents' experience in caring for children with cancer under palliative care condition. Setting and Design The research applied descriptive qualitative phenomenology design. Subjects and Methods The study was conducted at Jakarta, Bogor, and Bekasi. Parents who caring their child with cancer under palliative care were in-depth interviewed with open-ended question. Data were then analyzed using the Colaizzi method. Results This study resulted in two themes, still hoping for a miracle of God and always being surrendered while under palliative care. Parents still hope for a miracle of God to keep having their children during palliative care. The forms of surrendering exhibited by the parents in this study are believing in God, praying to God, saying thanks to God, relying on God, and preparing to face the deaths of their children. Conclusion This study shows that during palliative care, parents cannot be separated from their relationship with God. Therefore, nurses are vital to the continuous assessment of parents' spiritual needs and to the facilitation of need fulfillment involving family and religious figures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy Nafratilova
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | | | - Dessie Wanda
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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