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Rosati D, Mastino P, Romeo M, de Soccio G, Pentangelo D, Petrella C, Barbato C, Minni A. Taste and Smell Alterations (TSAs) in Cancer Patients. Diseases 2024; 12:130. [PMID: 38920562 PMCID: PMC11203271 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12060130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, smell and taste disorders have seen renewed interest, as these symptoms are frequent complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, since approximately 60% of patients affected by COVID-19 have shown olfactory and gustatory alterations. Otolaryngology pays attention to taste and smell abnormalities (TSAs), especially when associated with oncology. TSAs are common symptoms in people affected by cancer, yet they are ignored and underestimated. The clinical outcome of TSAs in cancer evidences the importance of identifying them with chemotherapy or radiotherapy in general, and they are associated with many types of cancer. We recognize the findings of the literature on TSAs in cancer, evaluating how it is important to consider and identify these disorders concerning reduced food enjoyment or inappropriate nutrient intake, and modulating the nutritional status, quality of life, and impact of therapy. This review aims to critically evaluate and recognize the assessment and clinical perspectives of taste and smell disorders in a cancer population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Rosati
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, ASL Rieti-Sapienza University, Viale Kennedy, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (D.R.); (P.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Pierluigi Mastino
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, ASL Rieti-Sapienza University, Viale Kennedy, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (D.R.); (P.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Martina Romeo
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, ASL Rieti-Sapienza University, Viale Kennedy, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (D.R.); (P.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Giulia de Soccio
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, ASL Rieti-Sapienza University, Viale Kennedy, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (D.R.); (P.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Daniele Pentangelo
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, ASL Rieti-Sapienza University, Viale Kennedy, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (D.R.); (P.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Christian Barbato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Antonio Minni
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, ASL Rieti-Sapienza University, Viale Kennedy, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (D.R.); (P.M.); (M.R.)
- Department of Sense Organs DOS, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy
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Mazzoleni B, Ferrari G, Caccialanza R, Cattani D, Savioni F, Ferrante S, Lopane D, Dacomi A, Coldani C, Tomaiuolo G, Anastasi G, Mancin S. Pharmacological strategies and nutritional supplements for managing dysgeusia among chemotherapy patients: A systematic review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:20-30. [PMID: 38900642 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Among the side effects of chemotherapy, there is dysgeusia, which is an alteration or damage to the taste perception that negatively impacts the biopsychosocial sphere of the patient. Therefore, it is important to recognize and manage it appropriately. The objective of this study is to identify clinical pharmacological strategies to reduce dysgeusia in chemotherapy patients. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines between February and May 2023, utilizing PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and the British Nursing Database. Methodological quality and bias risk assessment were performed using the JBI framework, while evidence certainty was evaluated using the Oxford OCEBM methodology. RESULTS Out of 1225 consulted records, 12 articles were included. The results underscore the efficacy of diverse pharmacological interventions in mitigating dysgeusia among chemotherapy patients. These include zinc supplementation with a daily dosage ranging between 50 and 220 mg (p ≤ 0.005), lactoferrin at 250 mg thrice daily (p < 0.001), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol at 2 mg per day (p < 0.05), and cannabidiol at 150 mg per day (p = 0.04). All studies analysed showed a low risk of bias. The zinc and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinoid treatment proved particularly promising, compared to the other treatments considered, where sample sizes were smaller and the placebo effect was not always clear. CONCLUSION Among the various pharmacological strategies identified, those that appear most promising concern the integration of zinc and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinoid. Future studies should further explore the treatments identified in this review to expand the evidence base in this relatively underexplored field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Mazzoleni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Caccialanza
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Diego Lopane
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giuliano Anastasi
- Department of Trauma, AOU G. Martino University Hospital, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Mancin
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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Mohamed MAER, Ibrahim NMI, Elezaby HH, Shehab MS. Chemosensory changes during chemotherapy. Int J Palliat Nurs 2024; 30:147-155. [PMID: 38517848 DOI: 10.12968/ijpn.2024.30.3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemosensory changes that occur during chemotherapy can significantly impact food enjoyment, quality of life and recovery. AIM To investigate chemosensory changes reported by oncology patients during chemotherapy. METHODS A mixed-method cross-sectional study design was used to explore 100 cancer patients' experiences of chemosensory changes during chemotherapy. All patients completed a questionnaire assessing their taste and smell preferences. A purposive sample of 30 patients underwent a semi-structured interview to elicit their thoughts on their experienced chemosensory changes. Descriptive statistics and themes were examined. FINDINGS The mean age of the sample was 50.56 years, and the majority of participants were female. The most stated taste alteration was bitter, while altered food preferences were also commonly experienced. Furthermore, most patients experienced unpleasant odours around food, while some experienced these odours even when food was not present. Overall, five themes were identified: changes in taste, changes in smell, changes in social life, altered comfort and food preferences. CONCLUSION Chemosensory changes related to cancer and its treatment impact a person's nutrient intake, food-related behaviours, quality of life and treatment response. Patients who experience chemotherapy-associated chemosensory changes require specialised nutritional therapy to increase their eating-related pleasure. As part of the nutritional assessment, chemosensory alterations should be evaluated regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hanan Hassan Elezaby
- Family and Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University
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Chen Y, Fang Y, Liu M, Yao R, Wan J. Taste alterations in patients following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A qualitative study. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2023; 10:100311. [PMID: 38033392 PMCID: PMC10685015 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2023.100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to explore the experiences and consequences of taste alterations in patients undergoing HSCT, how they respond to these changes, and the factors that influence their responses. Methods In this descriptive qualitative study, face-to-face semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 31 patients undergoing HSCT in a comprehensive hospital in Hubei, China. The interview data were transcribed and analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step analysis. The Symptom Management Theory was applied to design the study and identify key themes. Results Three key themes were identified from the theory: (1) the complexity and diversity of taste experiences; (2) coping strategies; and (3) the multifaceted challenges of coping. Taste alterations in HSCT patients were characterized by diversity and dynamism. Patients employed three distinct coping styles in response to taste alterations: active coping, reluctant submission, and passive coping. These coping styles were influenced by various factors, including the specific treatment modalities of HSCT, individual patient characteristics, and the healthcare environment. Conclusions The experience of taste alterations among HSCT patients is intricate and varied, and the importance of addressing this symptom can easily be underestimated. Management of taste alterations is influenced by multiple factors. Nursing staff should give careful attention to taste alterations in HSCT survivors, enhance their expertise in managing taste alterations, provide robust health education, conduct regular screening and assessments, and formulate individualized intervention plans to assist patients in actively and effectively managing taste alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Fang
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minjie Liu
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruishan Yao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Wan
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kuniyoshi O, Sano M, Nakano Y, Kawaguchi T, Hatakeyama T, Tsuchiya Y, Inada Y, Harada T, Kurosaki M, Mashiko T, Miyaji T, Yamaguchi T. Protocol for the ASTRO study (SSOP-01): a multicentre prospective cohort study investigating adverse events based on electronic patient-reported outcomes in patients with breast cancer after adjuvant chemotherapy. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071500. [PMID: 37709306 PMCID: PMC10503369 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Symptom-related adverse events associated with perioperative chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer include short-term adverse events such as nausea and vomiting. However, changes in the severity and duration of prolonged symptom-related adverse events have not been fully investigated. We present a protocol of a study that aims to clarify the prevalence of symptom-related adverse events in patients with breast cancer 1 year after neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy using an electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) system. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This multicentre prospective observational cohort study will include patients with breast cancer who have received preoperative or postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The final injection date of the cytotoxic agent will be the study initiation date. Patients will report every 2 weeks from the initiation date to 12 weeks and every 4 weeks from 12 weeks to 1 year, and they can enter this information into the ePRO system from anywhere. The primary outcome will be the prevalence of symptom-related adverse events according to the ePRO system 1 year after the date of the last injection of the cytotoxic drug used in neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. To increase multi-institutional enrolment, two cohorts will be included. Cohort 1 will comprise patients with acquisition of baseline patient information regarding preoperative chemotherapy and presurgery characteristics. Cohort 2 will comprise patients without acquisition of baseline patient information. The target sample size is ≥250 per year. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol has been approved by the ethics committee at each participating institution. The results will be presented at major national and international conferences and submitted to peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL STATUS Registration was started in October 2021. By August 2022, a total of 132 participants were enrolled. Follow-up will be continued through December 2024. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000045422.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouki Kuniyoshi
- Pharmaceutical Department, Ageo Central General Hospital, Ageo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sano
- Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakano
- Pharmaceutical Department, Cancer Institute Hospital, Koto-ku, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawaguchi
- Department of Practical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Tsuchiya
- Pharmaceutical Department, Ageo Central General Hospital, Ageo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inada
- Pharmaceutical Department, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Harada
- Pharmaceutical Department, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kurosaki
- Division of Biostatistics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomoe Mashiko
- Division of Biostatistics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tempei Miyaji
- Division of Biostatistics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Yamaguchi
- Division of Biostatistics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Hannon M, Shaw A, Connolly M, Davies A. Taste disturbance in patients with advanced cancer: a scoping review of clinical features and complications. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:562. [PMID: 37672147 PMCID: PMC10482768 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this scoping review is to appraise the published literature on taste disturbance in patients with advanced cancer, with the specific objectives being to determine its prevalence, clinical features and complications. METHODS This scoping review was conducted using the recommended methodological framework. A detailed search of databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL and PsycInfo) was conducted to identify eligible studies: eligible studies needed to include patients with advanced cancer and needed to include details of clinical features and/or complications of taste disturbance. Standard bibliographic/systematic review software was used to store the records and manage the review process, respectively. RESULTS Twenty-five studies were identified from the database searches. The studies identified included eight physical and/or psychological symptom studies, six symptom cluster studies, five oral symptom studies and six taste and/or smell specific studies. Detailed data is presented on the clinical features and complications of taste disturbance and on the symptom clusters involving taste disturbance in this cohort of patients. CONCLUSION This scoping review identified a relatively small number of relevant studies involving a relatively small number of participants. Nevertheless, it confirms that taste disturbance is a common problem in patients with advanced cancer and is associated with significant morbidity because of the primary condition and the associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hannon
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Our Lady's Hospice & Care Services, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | - Michael Connolly
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Our Lady's Hospice & Care Services, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Davies
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Our Lady's Hospice & Care Services, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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