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Zhang T, Vďačný P. Deciphering phylogenetic relationships of and delimiting species boundaries within the controversial ciliate genus Conchophthirus using an integrative morpho-evo approach. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 190:107931. [PMID: 37742881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The phylum Ciliophora (ciliates) comprises about 2600 symbiotic and over 5500 free-living species. The inclusion of symbiotic ciliates in phylogenetic analyses often challenges traditional classification frameworks due to their morphological adaptions to the symbiotic lifestyle. Conchophthirus is such a controversial obligate endocommensal genus whose affinities to other symbiotic and free-living scuticociliates are still poorly understood. Using uni- and multivariate morphometrics as well as 2D-based molecular and phylogenetic analyses, we attempted to test for the monophyly of Conchophthirus, study the boundaries of Conchophthirus species isolated from various bivalves at mesoscale, and reveal the phylogenetic relationships of Conchophthirus to other scuticociliates. Multidimensional analyses of morphometric and cell geometric data generated the same homogenous clusters, as did phylogenetic analyses based on 144 new sequences of two mitochondrial and five nuclear molecular markers. Conchophthirus is not closely related to 'core' scuticociliates represented by the orders Pleuronematida and Philasterida, as assumed in the past using morphological data. Nuclear and mitochondrial markers consistently showed the free-living Dexiotricha and the mouthless endosymbiotic Haptophrya to be the nearest relatives of Conchophthirus. These three highly morphologically and ecologically dissimilar genera represent an orphan clade from the early radiation of scuticociliates in molecular phylogenies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyue Zhang
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Peter Vďačný
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Abraham JS, Somasundaram S, Maurya S, Gupta R, Makhija S, Toteja R. Characterization of Euplotes lynni nov. spec., E. indica nov. spec. and description of E. aediculatus and E. woodruffi (Ciliophora, Euplotidae) using an integrative approach. Eur J Protistol 2021; 79:125779. [PMID: 33706203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2021.125779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Four species belonging to the genus Euplotes have been investigated, namely: E. lynni nov. spec., E. indica nov. spec., E. aediculatus, and E. woodruffi. All populations are from India and were investigated using morphological and molecular markers. The phylogenetic relationships were inferred from small subunit ribosomal rRNA gene (SSU rRNA), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Predicted secondary structure models for two new species using the hypervariable region of the SSU rRNA gene and ITS2 region support the distinctness of both species. Morphological characters were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and genetic variations were studied in-depth to analyze the relatedness of the two new species with their congeners. An integrative approach combining morphological features, molecular analysis, and ecological characteristics was carried out to understand the phylogenetic position of the reported species within the different clades of the genus Euplotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeva Susan Abraham
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Sripoorna Somasundaram
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Swati Maurya
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Renu Gupta
- Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Bapu Dham, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110021, India.
| | - Seema Makhija
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Ravi Toteja
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India.
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Weisse T. Wilhelm Foissner and the European Journal of Protistology. Eur J Protistol 2020; 76:125739. [PMID: 32890854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2020.125739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weisse
- University of Innsbruck, Research Department for Limnology, Mondsee, Austria.
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Cai R, Archidona‐Yuste A, Cantalapiedra‐Navarrete C, Palomares‐Rius JE, Castillo P. New evidence of cryptic speciation in the family Longidoridae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihang Cai
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3 CSIC Córdoba Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology Institute of Biotechnology College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Antonio Archidona‐Yuste
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3 CSIC Córdoba Spain
- Department of Ecological Modelling Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Leipzig Germany
| | - Carolina Cantalapiedra‐Navarrete
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3 CSIC Córdoba Spain
| | - Juan E. Palomares‐Rius
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3 CSIC Córdoba Spain
| | - Pablo Castillo
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3 CSIC Córdoba Spain
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Abraham JS, Sripoorna S, Maurya S, Makhija S, Gupta R, Toteja R. Techniques and tools for species identification in ciliates: a review. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:877-894. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliates are highly divergent unicellular eukaryotic organisms with nuclear dualism and a highly specialized ciliary pattern. They inhabit all biotopes and play crucial roles in regulating microbial food webs as they prey on bacteria, protists and even on microscopic animals. Nevertheless, subtle morphological differences and tiny sizes hinder proper species identification for many ciliates. In the present review, an attempt has been made to elaborate the various approaches used by modern day ciliate taxonomists for species identification. The different approaches involved in taxonomic characterization of ciliates such as classical (using live-cell observations, staining techniques, etc.), molecular (involving various marker genes) and statistical (delimitation of cryptic species) methods have been reviewed. Ecological and behavioural aspects in species identification have also been discussed. In present-day taxonomy, it is important to use a ‘total evidence’ approach in identifying ciliates, relying on both classical and molecular information whenever possible. This integrative approach will help in the mergence of classical methods with modern-day tools for comprehensive species description in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeva Susan Abraham
- Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - S. Sripoorna
- Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Swati Maurya
- Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Seema Makhija
- Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Renu Gupta
- Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Bapu dham, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Ravi Toteja
- Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
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Vďačný P, Érseková E, Šoltys K, Budiš J, Pecina L, Rurik I. Co-existence of multiple bacterivorous clevelandellid ciliate species in hindgut of wood-feeding cockroaches in light of their prokaryotic consortium. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17749. [PMID: 30532066 PMCID: PMC6288088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The hindgut of wood-feeding Panesthia cockroaches harbours a diverse microbial community, whose most morphologically prominent members are bacterivorous clevelandellid ciliates. Co-occurrence and correlation patterns of prokaryotes associated with these endosymbiotic ciliates were investigated. Multidimensional scaling based on taxa interaction-adjusted index showed a very clear separation of the hindgut ciliate samples from the ciliate-free hindgut samples. This division was corroborated also by SparCC analysis which revealed strong negative associations between prokaryotic taxa that were relatively more abundant in the ciliate-free hindgut samples and prokaryotic taxa that were more abundant in the ciliate samples. This very likely reflects the grazing behaviour of hindgut ciliates which prefer Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, causing their abundances to be increased in the ciliate samples at the expense of abundances of Euryarchaeota and Bacteroidetes which prevail in the hindgut content. Ciliate species do not distinctly differ in the associated prokaryotes, indicating that minute variations in the proportion of associated bacteria might be sufficient to avoid competition between bacterivorous ciliate species and hence enable their co-occurrence in the same host. The nearest free-living relatives of hindgut ciliates have a different pattern of associations with prokaryotes, i.e., alphaproteobacteria are predominantly associated with free-living ciliates while gammaproteobacteria with hindgut ciliates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vďačný
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Emese Érseková
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Šoltys
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Budiš
- Department of Computer Science, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F-1, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lukáš Pecina
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Rurik
- Private computer laboratory, 821 07, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Huang JB, Zhang T, Zhang Q, Li Y, Warren A, Pan H, Yan Y. Further insights into the highly derived haptorids (Ciliophora, Litostomatea): Phylogeny based on multigene data. ZOOL SCR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie B. Huang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity; Ocean University of China; Qingdao China
| | - Tengteng Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity; Ocean University of China; Qingdao China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research; Chinese Academy of Science; Yantai China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity; Ocean University of China; Qingdao China
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences; Natural History Museum; London UK
| | - Hongbo Pan
- College of Oceanography; Hohai University; Nanjing China
| | - Ying Yan
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity; Ocean University of China; Qingdao China
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Archidona-Yuste A, Navas-Cortés JA, Cantalapiedra-Navarrete C, Palomares-Rius JE, Castillo P. Cryptic diversity and species delimitation in theXiphinema americanum-group complex (Nematoda: Longidoridae) as inferred from morphometrics and molecular markers. Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Archidona-Yuste
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS); Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3 Menéndez Pidal s/n 14004 Córdoba Spain
| | - Juan A. Navas-Cortés
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS); Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3 Menéndez Pidal s/n 14004 Córdoba Spain
| | - Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS); Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3 Menéndez Pidal s/n 14004 Córdoba Spain
| | - Juan E. Palomares-Rius
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS); Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3 Menéndez Pidal s/n 14004 Córdoba Spain
| | - Pablo Castillo
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS); Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3 Menéndez Pidal s/n 14004 Córdoba Spain
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