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Wu T, Cheng T, Cao X, Jiang Y, Al-Rasheid KAS, Warren A, Wang Z, Lu B. On four epibiotic peritrichous ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) found in Lake Weishan Wetland: morphological and molecular data support the establishment of a new genus, Parapiosoma gen. nov., and two new species. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:337-358. [PMID: 37637257 PMCID: PMC10449748 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-023-00184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
During a study on the diversity of ciliated protists in Lake Weishan Wetland, the largest wetland in northern China, four epibiotic sessilid peritrichs were isolated from aquatic host animals. Two of them, i.e., Epistylis cambari Kellicott, 1885 and Epistylis lwoffi Fauré-Fremiet, 1943, were known species whereas the other two, i.e., Parapiosoma typicum gen. nov., sp. nov. and Orborhabdostyla gracilis sp. nov., are new to science. The new genus Parapiosoma gen. nov. is characterized by its branched non-contractile stalk, everted peristomial lip, obconical macronucleus and transverse silverlines. Two species are assigned to the new genus, namely Parapiosoma typicum sp. nov. and Parapiosoma gasterostei (Fauré-Fremiet, 1905) comb. nov. Morphologically, P. typicum sp. nov. is recognized by its goblet-shaped zooids, single-layered peristomial lip, dichotomously branched stalk, and infundibular polykinety 3 (P3) containing three equal-length rows. Orborhabdostyla gracilis sp. nov. is characterized by its slender zooid, curved macronucleus, and three equal-length rows in infundibular P3. Improved diagnoses and redescriptions of E. cambari and E. lwoffi are provided including, for the first time, data on the ciliature of E. cambari. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA, ITS1-5.8S rDNA -ITS2, and LSU rDNA sequence data strongly support the assertion that the family Epistylididae comprises morphospecies with different evolutionary lineages and indicate that Parapiosoma gen. nov. may represent a new taxon at family level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209 China
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Ting Cheng
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Xiao Cao
- Weishan Fishery Development Service Center, Jining, 277600 China
| | - Yaohan Jiang
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | | | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Zhe Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209 China
| | - Borong Lu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
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Integrative Studies on Three Epibiotic Epistylis Species (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Peritrichia) in Lake Weishan Wetland, Northern China, Including the Establishment of a New Species. Protist 2022; 173:125909. [PMID: 36208492 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2022.125909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Three epibiotic Epistylis species, i.e., Epistylis weishanensis sp. nov., Epistylis daphniae Fauré-Fremiet, 1905, and Epistylis pygmaeum (Ehrenberg, 1838) Foissner et al., 1999, were investigated based on their living morphology, infraciliature, and small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequence data. Epistylis weishanensis sp. nov. is characterized by its double-layered peristomial lip, contractile vacuole located on the dorsal wall of the infundibulum, infundibular polykinety 3 (P3) composed of three equal-length rows that terminate above infundibular polykinety 1 (P1), 50-62 silverlines between the peristome and the trochal band, and about 30 silverlines between the trochal band and the scopula. Based on previous and newly obtained data for E. daphniae and E. pygmaeum, improved diagnoses and redescriptions are provided including, for the first time, data on their infraciliature. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that all three species do not group within the major clade of Epistylis, supporting the assertion that the genus Epistylis should be an assemblage of morphospecies and therefore needs to be revised.
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Liao W, Campello-Nunes PH, Gammuto L, Abreu Viana T, de Oliveira Marchesini R, da Silva Paiva T, da Silva-Neto ID, Modeo L, Petroni G. Incorporating mitogenome sequencing into integrative taxonomy: The multidisciplinary redescription of the ciliate Thuricola similis (Peritrichia, Vaginicolidae) provides new insights into the evolutionary relationships among Oligohymenophorea subclasses. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 158:107089. [PMID: 33545277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary relationships among Oligohymenophorea subclasses are under debate as the phylogenomic analysis using a large dataset of nuclear coding genes is significantly different to the 18S rDNA phylogeny, and it is unfortunately not stable within and across different published studies. In addition to nuclear genes, the faster-evolving mitochondrial genes have also shown the ability to solve phylogenetic problems in many ciliated taxa. However, due to the paucity of mitochondrial data, the corresponding work is scarce, let alone the phylogenomic analysis based on mitochondrial gene dataset. In this work, we presented the characterization on Thuricola similis Bock, 1963, a loricate peritrich (Oligohymenophorea), incorporating mitogenome sequencing into integrative taxonomy. As the first mitogenome for the subclass Peritrichia, it is linear, 38,802 bp long, and contains two rRNAs, 12 tRNAs, and 43 open reading frames (ORFs). As a peculiarity, it includes a central repeated region composed of tandemly repeated A-T rich units working as a bi-transcriptional start. Moreover, taking this opportunity, the phylogenomic analyses based on a set of mitochondrial genes were also performed, revealing that T. similis, as a representative of Peritrichia subclass, branches basally to other three Oligohymenophorea subclasses, namely Hymenostomatia, Peniculia, and Scuticociliatia. Evolutionary relationships among those Oligohymenophorea subclasses were discussed, also in the light of recent phylogenomic reconstructions based on a set of nuclear genes. Besides, as a little-known species, T. similis was also redescribed and neotypified based on data from two populations collected from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Brazil and Italy, by means of integrative methods (i.e., living observation, silver staining methods, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and 18S rDNA phylogeny). After emended diagnosis, it is characterized by: (1) the sewage habitat; (2) the lorica with a single valve and small undulations; (3) the 7-22 µm-long inner stalk; and (4) the presence of only a single postciliary microtubule on the left side of the aciliferous row in the haplokinety. Among Vaginicolidae family, our 18S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that Thuricola and Cothurnia are monophyletic genera, and Vaginicola could be a polyphyletic genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Liao
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via A. Volta 4/6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pedro Henrique Campello-Nunes
- Laboratório de Protistologia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21941-902 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Gammuto
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via A. Volta 4/6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiago Abreu Viana
- Laboratório de Protistologia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21941-902 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto de Oliveira Marchesini
- Laboratório de Protistologia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21941-902 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago da Silva Paiva
- Laboratório de Protistologia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21941-902 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Inácio Domingos da Silva-Neto
- Laboratório de Protistologia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21941-902 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letizia Modeo
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via A. Volta 4/6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; CISUP, Centro per l'Integrazione della Strumentazione Scientifica dell'Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giulio Petroni
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via A. Volta 4/6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; CISUP, Centro per l'Integrazione della Strumentazione Scientifica dell'Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Morphology and molecular analyses of four epibiotic peritrichs on crustacean and polychaete hosts, including descriptions of two new species (Ciliophora, Peritrichia). Eur J Protistol 2020; 73:125670. [PMID: 31968298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2019.125670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Four epibiotic sessilid peritrichs, i.e., Zoothamnium wilberti n. sp., Baikalonis microdiscus n. sp., Epistylis anastatica (Linnaeus, 1767) Ehrenberg, 1830, and Rhabdostyla commensalisMöbius, 1888, were isolated from one syllid polychaete and three crustacean hosts in Qingdao, China. For each species, specimens were observed both in vivo and following silver staining. Their SSU rDNA was also sequenced for phylogenetic analyses. Zoothamnium wilberti n. sp. is characterized by the appearance of its colony, which is up to 350 μm high, and usually has fewer than 16 zooids, and the dichotomously branched stalk with transverse wrinkles, the conspicuously conical peristomial disc, and infundibular polykinety 3 comprising three isometric ciliary rows. Baikalonis microdiscus n. sp. can be recognized by its barrel-shaped zooid, small peristomial disc, smooth and short stalk, and its unusual infundibular polykinety 3 comprising a long inner row and a short outer row. Two poorly known species, i.e., Epistylis anastatica and Rhabdostyla commensalis, are redescribed and redefined. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that: (i) R. commensalis is closely related to the family Astylozoidae rather than to the morphologically similar Epistylididae; (ii) B. microdiscus n. sp. is sister to the family Scyphidiidae; (iii) E. anastatica groups with vorticellids and ophrydiids, which further supports the polyphyly of the genus Epistylis; and (iv) Z. wilberti n. sp. is nested within the Zoothamniidae, as expected.
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Zhang Y, Shen Z, Zhang F, Yu Y, Li J, Lin X. Taxonomy and phylogeny of Pseudovorticella littoralis sp. n. and P. alani sp. n. (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) from coastal waters of southern China. Eur J Protistol 2019; 71:125635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2019.125635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhou T, Wang Z, Yang H, Gu Z. Two new colonial peritrich ciliates (Ciliophora, Peritrichia, Sessilida) from China: With a note on taxonomic distinction between Epistylididae and Operculariidae. Eur J Protistol 2019; 70:17-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jiang M, Hu T, Wang Z, Liang Z, Li J, Lin X. Morphology and Phylogeny of Three Pseudovorticella Species (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) from Brackish Waters of China. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2019; 66:869-881. [PMID: 30977159 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The biodiversity of peritrich ciliates from brackish biotopes is rarely investigated, especially members of the genus Pseudovorticella. Here, the morphology of three species of Pseudovorticella, i.e. P. cf. vestita (Stokes, 1883) Jankowski, 1976, P. spathulata sp. n., and P. qinghaiensis sp. n. isolated from brackish waters were studied. Pseudovorticella cf. vestita is characterized by inverted bell-shaped cell; a J-shaped macronucleus; a single contractile vacuole ventrally located; P3 three-rowed; pellicle striated with highly developed pellicular vesicles; 18-22 transverse silverlines between peristome and aboral trochal band, and 9-13 between aboral trochal band and scopula. Pseudovorticella spathulata sp. n. differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters: elongate-elliptical cell; a single contractile vacuole near ventral wall of infundibulum; a J-shaped macronucleus; P3 three-rowed; 24-34 silverlines between oral area and aboral trochal band and 6-10 between aboral trochal band and scopula. Pseudovorticella qinghaiensis sp. n. is characterized by: cell with an oval outline; a single contractile vacuole near ventral wall of infundibulum; a C-shaped macronucleus; P3 three-rowed; 30-35 and 9-11 transverse silverlines above and below the trochal band, respectively. The SSU rDNA sequences of five Pseudovorticella species, namely P. annulata, P. monilata, P. parakenti, P. spathulata sp. n., and P. cf. vestita, plus that of Zoothamnium hartwigi, are reported for the first time and their evolutionary relationships are investigated. Five undefined Pseudovorticella forms are considered might be conspecific with P. monilata. Two congeners are conspecific with P. spathulata sp. n. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequences reveal that Pseudovorticella is not monophyletic and Z. hartwigi clusters with its congeners as expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jiang
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Ziyao Liang
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jiqiu Li
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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Lu B, Li L, Hu X, Ji D, Al-Rasheid KAS, Song W. Novel contributions to the peritrich family Vaginicolidae (Protista: Ciliophora), with morphological and phylogenetic analyses of poorly known species of Pyxicola, Cothurnia and Vaginicola. Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The classification of loricate peritrich ciliates is difficult because of an accumulation of several taxonomic problems. In the present work, three poorly described vaginicolids, Pyxicola pusilla, Cothurnia ceramicola and Vaginicola tincta, were isolated from the surface of two freshwater/marine algae in China. In our study, the ciliature of Pyxicola and Vaginicola is revealed for the first time, demonstrating the taxonomic value of infundibular polykineties. The small subunit rDNA, ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 region and large subunit rDNA of the above species were sequenced for the first time. Phylogenetic analyses based on these genes indicated that Pyxicola and Cothurnia are closely related. The present study suggested that the loricate species probably represent a distinct lineage in peritrich evolution and both genera Cothurnia and Thuricola are monophyletic. Pyxicola pusilla, Cothurnia ceramicola and Vaginicola tincta are recircumscribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borong Lu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lifang Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Xiaozhong Hu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Daode Ji
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | | | - Weibo Song
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Liang Z, Shen Z, Zhang Y, Ji D, Li J, Warren A, Lin X. Morphology and Phylogeny of Four NewVorticellaSpecies (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) from Coastal Waters of Southern China. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2018; 66:267-280. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Liang
- Laboratory of Protozoology; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring; School of Life Science; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 China
| | - Zhuo Shen
- Laboratory of Protozoology; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring; School of Life Science; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 China
- Microbial Ecology and Matter Cycle Group; School of Marine Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai 519082 China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Laboratory of Protozoology; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring; School of Life Science; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 China
| | - Daode Ji
- School of Ocean; Yantai University; Yantai 264005 China
| | - Jiqiu Li
- Laboratory of Protozoology; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring; School of Life Science; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 China
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences; Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- Laboratory of Protozoology; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring; School of Life Science; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 China
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Grimonprez A, Molza A, Laurent MC, Mansot JL, Gros O. Thioautotrophic ectosymbiosis in Pseudovorticella sp., a peritrich ciliate species colonizing wood falls in marine mangrove. Eur J Protistol 2018; 62:43-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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