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Tastassa AC, Sharaby Y, Lang-Yona N. Aeromicrobiology: A global review of the cycling and relationships of bioaerosols with the atmosphere. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168478. [PMID: 37967625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Airborne microorganisms and biological matter (bioaerosols) play a key role in global biogeochemical cycling, human and crop health trends, and climate patterns. Their presence in the atmosphere is controlled by three main stages: emission, transport, and deposition. Aerial survival rates of bioaerosols are increased through adaptations such as ultra-violet radiation and desiccation resistance or association with particulate matter. Current research into modern concerns such as climate change, global gene transfer, and pathogenicity often neglects to consider atmospheric involvement. This comprehensive review outlines the transpiring of bioaerosols across taxa in the atmosphere, with significant focus on their interactions with environmental elements including abiotic factors (e.g., atmospheric composition, water cycle, and pollution) and events (e.g., dust storms, hurricanes, and wildfires). The aim of this review is to increase understanding and shed light on needed research regarding the interplay between global atmospheric phenomena and the aeromicrobiome. The abundantly documented bacteria and fungi are discussed in context of their cycling and human health impacts. Gaps in knowledge regarding airborne viral community, the challenges and importance of studying their composition, concentrations and survival in the air are addressed, along with understudied plant pathogenic oomycetes, and archaea cycling. Key methodologies in sampling, collection, and processing are described to provide an up-to-date picture of ameliorations in the field. We propose optimization to microbiological methods, commonly used in soil and water analysis, that adjust them to the context of aerobiology, along with other directions towards novel and necessary advancements. This review offers new perspectives into aeromicrobiology and calls for advancements in global-scale bioremediation, insights into ecology, climate change impacts, and pathogenicity transmittance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel C Tastassa
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Yehonatan Sharaby
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Naama Lang-Yona
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel.
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Walden S, Jauss RT, Feng K, Fiore-Donno AM, Dumack K, Schaffer S, Wolf R, Schlegel M, Bonkowski M. On the phenology of protists: recurrent patterns reveal seasonal variation of protistan (Rhizaria: Cercozoa and Endomyxa) communities in tree canopies. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:fiab081. [PMID: 34117748 PMCID: PMC8213970 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree canopies are colonized by billions of highly specialized microorganisms that are well adapted to the highly variable microclimatic conditions, caused by diurnal fluctuations and seasonal changes. In this study, we investigated seasonality patterns of protists in the tree canopies of a temperate floodplain forest via high-throughput sequencing with group-specific primers for the phyla Cercozoa and Endomyxa. We observed consistent seasonality, and identified divergent spring and autumn taxa. Tree crowns were characterized by a dominance of bacterivores and omnivores, while eukaryvores gained a distinctly larger share in litter and soil communities on the ground. In the canopy seasonality was largest among communities detected on the foliar surface: In spring, higher variance within alpha diversity of foliar samples indicated greater heterogeneity during initial colonization. However, communities underwent compositional changes during the aging of leaves in autumn, highly reflecting recurring phenological changes during protistan colonization. Surprisingly, endomyxan root pathogens appeared to be exceptionally abundant across tree canopies during autumn, demonstrating a potential role of the canopy surface as a physical filter for air-dispersed propagules. Overall, about 80% of detected OTUs could not be assigned to known species-representing dozens of microeukaryotic taxa whose canopy inhabitants are waiting to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Walden
- Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Robin-Tobias Jauss
- Institute of Biology, Biodiversity and Evolution, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kai Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, 100085 Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Anna Maria Fiore-Donno
- Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Kenneth Dumack
- Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Stefan Schaffer
- Institute of Biology, Molecular Evolution and Animal Systematics, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle Jena Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronny Wolf
- Institute of Biology, Molecular Evolution and Animal Systematics, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Schlegel
- Institute of Biology, Biodiversity and Evolution, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle Jena Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany
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