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Pellicer F, Ortega-Legaspi JM, Martín R, Solís-Nájera S, Magis-Weinberg L, León-Olea M, Graff-Guerrero A, de la Fuente-Sandoval C, Rodriguez AO. Tracking the Temporal Footprint Effect of Thermonociception and Denervation on the Brain’s Pain Matrix: fMRI and BOLD Study in Rats. J Pain Res 2022; 15:857-865. [PMID: 35386425 PMCID: PMC8977223 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s349840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Pain constitutes an essential alarm for preserving the organism’s integrity. Damage to the nervous system produces a pathological condition known as neuropathic pain. Purpose Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have been widely used to map neuroanatomy and the active regions of interest (ROI) of nociceptive processing. Our study explored the brain’s BOLD response in rats after thermal noxious stimulation, immediately after sciatic nerve damage and during 75 minutes after surgical lesion of the sciatic nerve. Methods Nine male Wistar rats were tested; the experiments were performed on a 7-Tesla /21-cm Varian Agilent system. This approach allowed, for the first time, to measure in vivo the BOLD changes in brain regions involved with the pain process: cingulated (ACC), somatosensory (S1), and insular cortices (IC), as well as thalamus (Th) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) related with acute thermal pain and during the early stages of sciatic denervation that produce neuropathic pain. Results During thermonociception scan, all subjects showed BOLD activation in the ROIs determined as ACC, S1, Th, IC and VTA. After denervation, these regions continued to show activation with a slow decrement in intensity for the duration of the experiment. The results suggest that these brain structures are overactive during the genesis of neuropathic pain. Conclusion The study shows for the first time continuous activation of the pain matrix following an acute thermal nociceptive stimulus followed by neuropathic damage. These results have given insight into the early stages of the development of neuropathic pain in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pellicer
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, CDMX, México
- Correspondence: Francisco Pellicer, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Alcaldía Tlalpan, CDMX, 14370, México, Tel +52 55 41605063, Email
| | - Juan M Ortega-Legaspi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Martín
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, México
| | - Sergio Solís-Nájera
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - Lucía Magis-Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington Guthrie Hall (GTH), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martha León-Olea
- Departamento de Neuromorfología Funcional, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, CDMX, México
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Psiquiatría Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, CDMX, México
| | - Alfredo O Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, México
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Cortical Modulation of Nociception. Neuroscience 2021; 458:256-270. [PMID: 33465410 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nociception is the neuronal process of encoding noxious stimuli and could be modulated at peripheral, spinal, brainstem, and cortical levels. At cortical levels, several areas including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), prefrontal cortex (PFC), ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO), insular cortex (IC), motor cortex (MC), and somatosensory cortices are involved in nociception modulation through two main mechanisms: (i) a descending modulatory effect at spinal level by direct corticospinal projections or mostly by activation of brainstem structures (i.e. periaqueductal grey matter (PAG), locus coeruleus (LC), the nucleus of raphe (RM) and rostroventral medulla (RVM)); and by (ii) cortico-cortical or cortico-subcortical interactions. This review summarizes evidence related to the participation of the aforementioned cortical areas in nociception modulation and different neurotransmitters or neuromodulators that have been studied in each area. Besides, we point out the importance of considering intracortical neuronal populations and receptors expression, as well as, nociception-induced cortical changes, both functional and connectional, to better understand this modulatory effect. Finally, we discuss the possible mechanisms that could potentiate the use of cortical stimulation as a promising procedure in pain alleviation.
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Muscarinic M 1 receptors stimulated by intracerebroventricular administration of McN-A-343 reduces the nerve injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity via GABA B receptors rather than GABA A receptors in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 142:50-59. [PMID: 31818640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic neurons play an important role in the higher functions of the brain, such as the memory, cognition, and nociception. However, the exact mechanism behind how the stimulation of all the muscarinic M1 receptors in the entire brain results in the alleviation of partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL)-induced mechanical hypersensitivity has not been investigated. Thus, we examined which subtype of GABA receptor was involved in the alleviation of PSNL-induce mechanical hypersensitivity produced by an intracerebroventricular administration of a muscarinic M1 receptor agonist, McN-A-343. Administering a GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline, resulted in no changes to the McN-A-343-induced anti-hypersensitivity in PSNL mice whereas a GABAB receptor antagonist, CGP35348, dose-dependently inhibited the anti-hypersensitivity. Furthermore, CGP35348 increased mechanical hypersensitivity in naïve mice, and the hypersensitivity was blocked by NMDA receptor antagonists, MK-801 and D-AP5. Additionally, muscarinic M1 receptors colocalized with GABAB1 receptors and an NMDA receptor subunit, GluN2A, in a large region of the brain. Consequently, these results suggest that the activation of muscarinic M1 receptors in the entire brain reduces nerve injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity via the GABAB receptors, and the activation of the GABAB receptors regulates glutamatergic transmission via NMDA receptors.
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Koga K, Matsuzaki Y, Migita K, Shimoyama S, Eto F, Nakagawa T, Matsumoto T, Terada K, Mishima K, Furue H, Honda K. Stimulating muscarinic M1 receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex reduces mechanical hypersensitivity via GABAergic transmission in nerve injury rats. Brain Res 2019; 1704:187-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Watanabe K, Hirano S, Kojima K, Nagashima K, Mukai H, Sato T, Takemoto M, Matsumoto K, Iimori T, Isose S, Omori S, Shibuya K, Sekiguchi Y, Beppu M, Amino H, Suichi T, Yokote K, Uno T, Kuwabara S, Misawa S. Altered cerebral blood flow in the anterior cingulate cortex is associated with neuropathic pain. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:1082-1087. [PMID: 29627772 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-316601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with diabetic neuropathic pain, and its changes after duloxetine therapy. METHODS Using iodine-123-N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography (IMP-SPECT), we performed a cross-sectional study of 44 patients with diabetes, and compared CBF in those with (n = 24) and without neuropathic pain (n = 20). In patients with neuropathic pain, we also longitudinally assessed changes in CBF 3 months after treatment with duloxetine. RESULTS IMP-SPECT with voxel-based analyses showed a significant increase in cerebral blood flow in the right anterior cingulate cortex and a decrease in the left ventral striatum in patients with neuropathic pain, compared with those without pain. After duloxetine treatment, volume of interest analyses revealed a decrease in cerebral blood flow in the anterior cingulate cortex in patients with significant pain relief but not in non-responders. Furthermore, voxel-based whole brain correlation analyses demonstrated that greater baseline CBF in the anterior cingulate cortex was associated with better pain relief on the numerical rating scale. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the development of neuropathic pain is associated with increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex, and greater baseline activation of this region may predict treatment responsiveness to pharmacological intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000017130;Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeki Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuho Kojima
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kengo Nagashima
- Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mukai
- Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Sato
- Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Iimori
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sagiri Isose
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeki Omori
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Shibuya
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukari Sekiguchi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minako Beppu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Amino
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoki Suichi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Uno
- Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sonoko Misawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Migita K, Matsuzaki Y, Koga K, Matsumoto T, Mishima K, Hara S, Honda K. Involvement of GABA B receptor in the antihypersensitive effect in anterior cingulate cortex of partial sciatic nerve ligation model. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 137:233-236. [PMID: 30078433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the GABAB receptor in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of neuropathic pain is unclear. Injection of a GABAB receptor antagonist CGP35348 into the ACC induced mechanical hypersensitivity in normal rats. Activation of the GABAB receptor injected by a GABAB receptor agonist baclofen into the ACC attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity in partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) rats. Co-microinjection of CGP35348 with a muscarinic M1 receptor agonist McN-A-343 into the ACC significantly inhibited McN-A-343-induced antihypersensitivity in PSNL rats. These results suggest that the GABAB receptor in the ACC contributes to mechanical hypersensitivity and is involved in muscarinic M1 receptor-mediated antihypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Migita
- Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Yu Matsuzaki
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kohei Koga
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Taichi Matsumoto
- Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kenichi Mishima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shuji Hara
- Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kenji Honda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
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Cholinergic/opioid interaction in anterior cingulate cortex reduces the nociceptive response of vocalization in guinea pigs. Brain Res 2017; 1671:131-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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The Analgesic Effects of (5R,6R)6-(3-Propylthio-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.1] Octane on a Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain. Anesth Analg 2017; 124:1330-1338. [PMID: 28002166 PMCID: PMC5367490 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Published ahead of print December 19, 2016. BACKGROUND: Both pharmacologic and genetic approaches have been used to study the involvement of the muscarinic acetylcholine system in the regulation of chronic pain. Previous studies suggest that the M2 and M4 subtypes of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are important targets for the development of chronic pain. (5R,6R)6-(3-Propylthio-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.1] octane (PTAC) has agonist effects on muscarinic M2 and M4 receptors and antagonist effects on muscarinic M1, M3, and M5 receptors. However, its analgesic effects have been less studied. METHODS: Male C57B L/6 mice were anesthetized, and left common peroneal nerve (CPN) ligation was performed to induce neuropathic pain. Before and after the application of PTAC systemically or specifically to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimulation and static weight balance were measured, and the effects of PTAC on the conditioned place preference (CPP) were further evaluated. Western blotting was used to examine the expression of M1 and M2 in the striatum, ACC, and ventral tegmental area. RESULTS: The application of PTAC ([i.p.] intraperitoneal injection) increased the paw withdraw threshold in both the early (0.05 mg/kg, mean difference [95% confidence interval, CI]: 0.19 [0.05–0.32]; 0.10 mg/kg: mean difference [95% CI]: 0.34 [0.22–0.46]) and the late phases (0.05 mg/kg: mean difference [95% CI]: 0.45 [0.39–0.50]; 0.1 mg/kg: mean difference [95% CI]: 0.44 [0.37–0.51]) after nerve injury and rebalanced the weight distribution on the hind paws of mice (L/R ratio: before, 0.56 ± 0.03. 0.05 mg/kg, 1.00 ± 0.04, 0.10 mg/kg, 0.99 ± 0.03); however, it failed to induce place preference in the CPP (0.05 mg/kg, 2-way analysis of variance, P > .05; 0.2 mg/kg, 2-way analysis of variance, P > .05,). At the same doses, the analgesic effects at D3–5 lasted longer than the effects at D14–16. This may be due to the down-regulation of the M2 and M1 in tested brain regions. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggested that PTAC has analgesic effects on the neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury.
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Boadas-Vaello P, Homs J, Reina F, Carrera A, Verdú E. Neuroplasticity of Supraspinal Structures Associated with Pathological Pain. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:1481-1501. [PMID: 28263454 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve and spinal cord injuries, along with other painful syndromes such as fibromyalgia, diabetic neuropathy, chemotherapeutic neuropathy, trigeminal neuralgia, complex regional pain syndrome, and/or irritable bowel syndrome, cause several neuroplasticity changes in the nervous system along its entire axis affecting the different neuronal nuclei. This paper reviews these changes, focusing on the supraspinal structures that are involved in the modulation and processing of pain, including the periaqueductal gray matter, red nucleus, locus coeruleus, rostral ventromedial medulla, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum, habenula, primary, and secondary somatosensory cortex, motor cortex, mammillary bodies, hippocampus, septum, amygdala, cingulated, and prefrontal cortex. Hyperexcitability caused by the modification of postsynaptic receptor expression, central sensitization, and potentiation of presynaptic delivery of neurotransmitters, as well as the reduction of inhibitory inputs, changes in dendritic spine, neural circuit remodeling, alteration of gray matter, and upregulation of proinflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines) by reactivation of astrocytes and microglial cells are the main functional, structural, and molecular neuroplasticity changes observed in the above supraspinal structures, associated with pathological pain. Studying these changes in greater depth may lead to the implementation and improvement of new therapeutic strategies against pathological pain. Anat Rec, 300:1481-1501, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Boadas-Vaello
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Catalonia, 17003, Spain
| | - Judit Homs
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Catalonia, 17003, Spain.,Department of Physical Therapy EUSES-Universitat of Girona, Salt (Girona), Catalonia, 17190, Spain
| | - Francisco Reina
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Catalonia, 17003, Spain
| | - Ana Carrera
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Catalonia, 17003, Spain
| | - Enrique Verdú
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Catalonia, 17003, Spain
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Masocha W. Gene expression profile of sodium channel subunits in the anterior cingulate cortex during experimental paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain in mice. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2702. [PMID: 27896032 PMCID: PMC5119229 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic agent, causes neuropathic pain whose supraspinal pathophysiology is not fully understood. Dysregulation of sodium channel expression, studied mainly in the periphery and spinal cord level, contributes to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. We examined gene expression of sodium channel (Nav) subunits by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) at day 7 post first administration of paclitaxel, when mice had developed paclitaxel-induced thermal hyperalgesia. The ACC was chosen because increased activity in the ACC has been observed during neuropathic pain. In the ACC of vehicle-treated animals the threshold cycle (Ct) values for Nav1.4, Nav1.5, Nav1.7, Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 were above 30 and/or not detectable in some samples. Thus, comparison in mRNA expression between untreated control, vehicle-treated and paclitaxel treated animals was done for Nav1.1, Nav1.2, Nav1.3, Nav1.6, Nax as well as Navβ1–Navβ4. There were no differences in the transcript levels of Nav1.1–Nav1.3, Nav1.6, Nax, Navβ1–Navβ3 between untreated and vehicle-treated mice, however, vehicle treatment increased Navβ4 expression. Paclitaxel treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression of Nav1.1, Nav1.2, Nav1.6 and Nax, but not Nav1.3, sodium channel alpha subunits compared to vehicle-treated animals. Treatment with paclitaxel significantly increased the expression of Navβ1 and Navβ3, but not Navβ2 and Navβ4, sodium channel beta subunits compared to vehicle-treated animals. These findings suggest that during paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain (PINP) there is differential upregulation of sodium channels in the ACC, which might contribute to the increased neuronal activity observed in the area during neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willias Masocha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University , Safat , Kuwait
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Ferrier J, Bayet-Robert M, Dalmann R, El Guerrab A, Aissouni Y, Graveron-Demilly D, Chalus M, Pinguet J, Eschalier A, Richard D, Daulhac L, Marchand F, Balayssac D. Cholinergic Neurotransmission in the Posterior Insular Cortex Is Altered in Preclinical Models of Neuropathic Pain: Key Role of Muscarinic M2 Receptors in Donepezil-Induced Antinociception. J Neurosci 2015; 35:16418-30. [PMID: 26674867 PMCID: PMC4679823 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1537-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is one of the most debilitating pain conditions, yet no therapeutic strategy has been really effective for its treatment. Hence, a better understanding of its pathophysiological mechanisms is necessary to identify new pharmacological targets. Here, we report important metabolic variations in brain areas involved in pain processing in a rat model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy using HRMAS (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. An increased concentration of choline has been evidenced in the posterior insular cortex (pIC) of neuropathic animal, which was significantly correlated with animals' pain thresholds. The screening of 34 genes mRNA involved in the pIC cholinergic system showed an increased expression of the high-affinity choline transporter and especially the muscarinic M2 receptors, which was confirmed by Western blot analysis in oxaliplatin-treated rats and the spared nerve injury model (SNI). Furthermore, pharmacological activation of M2 receptors in the pIC using oxotremorine completely reversed oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia. Consistently, systemic treatment with donepezil, a centrally active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, prevented and reversed oxaliplatin-induced cold and mechanical allodynia as well as social interaction impairment. Intracerebral microdialysis revealed a lower level of acetylcholine in the pIC of oxaliplatin-treated rats, which was significantly increased by donepezil. Finally, the analgesic effect of donepezil was markedly reduced by a microinjection of the M2 antagonist, methoctramine, within the pIC, in both oxaliplatin-treated rats and spared nerve injury rats. These findings highlight the crucial role of cortical cholinergic neurotransmission as a critical mechanism of neuropathic pain, and suggest that targeting insular M2 receptors using central cholinomimetics could be used for neuropathic pain treatment. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our study describes a decrease in cholinergic neurotransmission in the posterior insular cortex in neuropathic pain condition and the involvement of M2 receptors. Targeting these cortical muscarinic M2 receptors using central cholinomimetics could be an effective therapy for neuropathic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Ferrier
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Inserm, U1107 NEURO-DOL, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Institut Analgesia, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathilde Bayet-Robert
- Université Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, Ctr RMN Très Hauts Champs, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Romain Dalmann
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Inserm, U1107 NEURO-DOL, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Institut Analgesia, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Abderrahim El Guerrab
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Inserm, U1107 NEURO-DOL, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Centre Jean Perrin, ERTICA EA4677 Université d'Auvergne, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Danielle Graveron-Demilly
- Université Lyon 1, Inserm U1044, CNRS UMR 5220, Laboratory CREATIS, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France, and
| | - Maryse Chalus
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Inserm, U1107 NEURO-DOL, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Institut Analgesia, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérémy Pinguet
- Institut Analgesia, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alain Eschalier
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Inserm, U1107 NEURO-DOL, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Institut Analgesia, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Richard
- Institut Analgesia, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurence Daulhac
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Inserm, U1107 NEURO-DOL, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Institut Analgesia, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabien Marchand
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Inserm, U1107 NEURO-DOL, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Institut Analgesia, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France,
| | - David Balayssac
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Inserm, U1107 NEURO-DOL, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Institut Analgesia, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Masocha W. Astrocyte activation in the anterior cingulate cortex and altered glutamatergic gene expression during paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain in mice. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1350. [PMID: 26528412 PMCID: PMC4627912 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal astrocyte activation contributes to the pathogenesis of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain (PINP) in animal models. We examined glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; an astrocyte marker) immunoreactivity and gene expression of GFAP, glutamate transporters and receptor subunits by real time PCR in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) at 7 days post first administration of paclitaxel, a time point when mice had developed thermal hyperalgesia. The ACC, an area in the brain involved in pain perception and modulation, was chosen because changes in this area might contribute to the pathophysiology of PINP. GFAP transcripts levels were elevated by more than fivefold and GFAP immunoreactivity increased in the ACC of paclitaxel-treated mice. The 6 glutamate transporters (GLAST, GLT-1 EAAC1, EAAT4, VGLUT-1 and VGLUT-2) quantified were not significantly altered by paclitaxel treatment. Of the 12 ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits transcripts analysed 6 (GLuA1, GLuA3, GLuK2, GLuK3, GLuK5 and GLuN1) were significantly up-regulated, whereas GLuA2, GLuK1, GLuK4, GLuN2A and GLuN2B were not significantly altered and GLuA4 was lowly expressed. Amongst the 8 metabotropic receptor subunits analysed only mGLuR8 was significantly elevated. In conclusion, during PINP there is astrocyte activation, with no change in glutamate transporter expression and differential up-regulation of glutamate receptor subunits in the ACC. Thus, targeting astrocyte activation and the glutamatergic system might be another therapeutic avenue for management of PINP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willias Masocha
- Department Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University , Safat , Kuwait
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Masocha W. Comprehensive analysis of the GABAergic system gene expression profile in the anterior cingulate cortex of mice with Paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. Gene Expr 2015; 16:145-53. [PMID: 25700370 PMCID: PMC8750099 DOI: 10.3727/105221615x14181438356337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The supraspinal pathophysiology of the painful neuropathy induced by paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic agent, is not well understood. The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Gene expression of GABAergic system molecules was examined in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of mice brains, by real-time PCR, during paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain, because this area is involved in pain perception and modulation that might contribute to neuropathic pain. Paclitaxel treatment resulted in thermal hyperalgesia and in increased GABA transporter-1 (GAT-1) mRNA expression, but not that of other GABA transporters or GABA(A) ergic enzymes in the ACC compared to vehicle treatment. Among the 18 GABA(A) receptor subunits analyzed, only β2, β3, δ, and γ2 had increased mRNA levels, and for the receptor subunit, only GABA(B2) had increased mRNA levels in the ACC of paclitaxel-treated mice, whereas the rest of the GABA receptor subunits were not altered. The mRNA expression of GABAA receptor subunits α6, θ, π, ρ1, ρ2, and ρ3 were not detected in the ACC. In conclusion, these data show that during paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain there is significant increase in GAT-1 expression in the ACC. GAT-1 is the main transporter of GABA from the synapse, and thus its increased expression possibly results in less GABA at the synapse and dysregulation of the GABAergic system. GAT-1 is a potential therapeutic target for managing paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willias Masocha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait
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Kim JE, Lee YJ, Kwak MH, Ko J, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Aqueous extracts of Liriope platyphylla induced significant laxative effects on loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:333. [PMID: 24274470 PMCID: PMC4222752 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Liriope platyphylla has long been reported as a therapeutic drug for treatment of various human chronic diseases including inflammation, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, and atopic dermatitis. To investigate the laxative effects of L. platyphylla, alterations in excretion parameters, histological structure, mucin secretion, and related protein levels were investigated in rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation after treatment with aqueous extract of L. platyphylla (AEtLP). Methods Alterations on constipation phenotypes were measured in rats with Lop-induced constipation after treatment with AEtLP using excretion parameter analysis, histological analysis, RT-PCR, western blot and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. Results The amounts of stool and urine excretion were significantly higher in the Lop + AEtLP-treated group than in the Lop + vehicle-treated group, whereas food intake and water consumption were maintained at constant levels. AEtLP treatment also induced an increase in villus length, crypt layer, and muscle thickness in the constipation model. Total mucin secretion was higher in the Lop + AEtLP-treated group than in the Lop + vehicle-treated group, although mucin secretion per crypt was very similar among all groups. Furthermore, RT-PCR and western blot revealed a dramatic reduction of key factors level on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) signaling pathway in the Lop + AEtLP-treated group relative to the Lop + vehicle-treated group. Especially, the accumulation of lipid droplets in enterocytes of crypts following Lop treatment was improved to the level of the No-treated group in response to AEtLP treatment. Conclusion These results suggest that AEtLP improves constipation induced by Lop treatment through an increase in crypt layer and stimulation of lipid droplet secretions. These data are the first to show that the laxative effects of AEtLP are closely related to the down-regulation of mAchRs and their downstream signals.
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Saab CY. Pain-related changes in the brain: diagnostic and therapeutic potentials. Trends Neurosci 2012; 35:629-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Visualizing the complex brain dynamics of chronic pain. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2012; 8:510-7. [PMID: 22684310 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-012-9378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is now recognized as a disease state that involves changes in brain function. This concept is reinforced by data that document structural and morphological remapping of brain circuitry under conditions of chronic pain. Evidence for aberrant neurophysiology in the brain further confirms neuroplasticity at cellular and molecular levels. Proper detection of pain-induced changes using emerging non-invasive and cost-effective technologies, such as analytical electroencephalography methods, could yield objective diagnostic measures and may guide therapeutic interventions targeting the brain for effective management of chronic pain.
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Ortega-Legaspi JM, de Gortari P, Garduño-Gutiérrez R, Amaya MI, León-Olea M, Coffeen U, Pellicer F. Expression of the dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex in a model of neuropathic pain. Mol Pain 2011; 7:97. [PMID: 22171983 PMCID: PMC3286425 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-7-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been related to the affective component of pain. Dopaminergic mesocortical circuits, including the ACC, are able to inhibit neuropathic nociception measured as autotomy behaviour. We determined the changes in dopamine D1 and D2 (D1R and D2R) receptor expression in the ACC (cg1 and cg2) in an animal model of neuropathic pain. The neuropathic group had noxious heat applied in the right hind paw followed 30 min. later by right sciatic denervation. Autotomy score (AS) was recorded for eight days and subsequently classified in low, medium and high AS groups. The control consisted of naïve animals.A semiquantitative RT-PCR procedure was done to determine mRNA levels for D1R and D2R in cg1 and cg2, and protein levels were measured by Western Blot. RESULTS The results of D1R mRNA in cg1 showed a decrease in all groups. D2R mRNA levels in cg1 decreased in low AS and increased in medium and high AS. Regarding D1R in cg2, there was an increase in all groups. D2R expression levels in cg2 decreased in all groups. In cg1, the D2R mRNA correlated positively with autotomy behaviour. Protein levels of D2R in cg1 increased in all groups but to a higher degree in low AS. In cg2 D2R protein only decreased discretely. D1R protein was not found in either ACC region. CONCLUSIONS This is the first evidence of an increase of inhibitory dopaminergic receptor (D2R) mRNA and protein in cg1 in correlation with nociceptive behaviour in a neuropathic model of pain in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Manuel Ortega-Legaspi
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, México
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Role of different brain areas in peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. Brain Res 2011; 1381:187-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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