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Frawley RP, Germolec DR, Johnson VJ, Gulledge T, Manheng W, White K, Shockley KR, Harris SF, Hooth M, Ryan K. Evaluation of skin sensitization induced by four ionic liquids. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:392-408. [PMID: 34453447 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are synthetic solvents used as replacements for volatile organic solvents. Human exposure occurs through dermal or oral routes. In rodents, several ILs were reported to induce dermal toxicity, irritation, and sensitization. Due to the potential for occupational exposure, and industrial use as nonvolatile solvents, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIM, 6.25% to 50% v/v), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIM, 3.12% to 12.5% v/v), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium chloride (BMPY, 0.825% to 6.25% v/v), and N-butylpyridinium chloride (NBuPY, 0.825% to 12.5% v/v) were nominated to the National Toxicology Program and evaluated for skin sensitization. The test compound was applied to the ears of female BALB/c mice daily for 3 days in a primary irritancy (IRR)/local lymph node assay (LLNA). Sensitization was assessed in vitro in the direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA), KeratinoSens™ assay, and human cell line activation test (h-CLAT). In the LLNA, the butylated ILs, BMIM, and BMPY were more potent than NBuPY (butylated) or EMIM (ethylated), which was neither an irritant nor a sensitizer. NBuPY induced skin irritation in vivo at ≥3.12% (p ≤ 0.01), and sensitization in vitro in the KeratinoSens™ assay and h-CLAT, but was negative for sensitization in vivo and in the DPRA. Although SI3 was not achieved, dermal treatment with 12.5% BMIM or 6.25% BMPY increased (p ≤ 0.01) lymph node cell proliferation in the LLNA. In vitro, BMIM was positive for sensitization in the h-CLAT, and BMPY was positive in the h-CLAT and KeratinoSens™ assay; both were negative in the DPRA. Integrated data analyses, weighted toward in vivo data, suggested that BMIM and BMPY may induce weak to mild sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel P Frawley
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dori R Germolec
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Victor J Johnson
- Burleson Research Technologies, Inc., Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Travis Gulledge
- Burleson Research Technologies, Inc., Morrisville, North Carolina, USA.,StrideBio, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wimolnut Manheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Kimber White
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Michelle Hooth
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristen Ryan
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Yoshimura T, Inokuchi Y, Mutou C, Sakurai T, Nagahama T, Murakami S. Age-related decline in the taurine content of the skin in rodents. Amino Acids 2021; 53:429-434. [PMID: 33608821 PMCID: PMC7979616 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02956-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, occurs at high concentrations in the skin, and plays a role in maintaining the homeostasis of the skin. We investigated the effects of aging on the content and localization of taurine in the skin of mice and rats. Taurine was extracted from the skin samples of hairless mice and Sprague Dawley rats, and the taurine content of the skin was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results of the investigation revealed that the taurine content in both the dermis and epidermis of hairless mice declined significantly with age. Similar age-related decline in the skin taurine content was also observed in rats. In contrast, the taurine content in the sole remained unchanged with age. An immunohistochemical analysis also revealed a decreased skin taurine content in aged animals compared with younger animals, although no significant differences in the localization of taurine were observed between the two age groups. Supplementation of the drinking water of aged mice with 3% (w/v) taurine for 4 weeks increased the taurine content of the epidermis, but not the dermis. The present study showed for the first time that the taurine content of the skin decreased with age in mice and rats, which may be related to the impairment of the skin homeostasis observed with aging. The decreased taurine content of the epidermis in aged animals was able to be rescued by taurine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Yoshimura
- R&D Laboratories, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 403, Yoshino-cho 1-chome, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 331-9530 Japan
| | - Yuki Inokuchi
- R&D Laboratories, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 403, Yoshino-cho 1-chome, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 331-9530 Japan
| | - Chikako Mutou
- R&D Laboratories, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 403, Yoshino-cho 1-chome, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 331-9530 Japan
| | - Takanobu Sakurai
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 403, Yoshino-cho 1-chome, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 331-9530 Japan
| | - Tohru Nagahama
- R&D Laboratories, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 403, Yoshino-cho 1-chome, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 331-9530 Japan
| | - Shigeru Murakami
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-Town, Fukui, 910-1195 Japan
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Sahlén P, Spalinskas R, Asad S, Mahapatra KD, Höjer P, Anil A, Eisfeldt J, Srivastava A, Nikamo P, Mukherjee A, Kim KH, Bergman O, Ståhle M, Sonkoly E, Pivarcsi A, Wahlgren CF, Nordenskjöld M, Taylan F, Bradley M, Tapia-Páez I. Chromatin interactions in differentiating keratinocytes reveal novel atopic dermatitis- and psoriasis-associated genes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:1742-1752. [PMID: 33069716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hundreds of variants associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis, 2 common inflammatory skin disorders, have previously been discovered through genome-wide association studies (GWASs). The majority of these variants are in noncoding regions, and their target genes remain largely unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to understand the effects of these noncoding variants on the development of AD and psoriasis by linking them to the genes that they regulate. METHODS We constructed genomic 3-dimensional maps of human keratinocytes during differentiation by using targeted chromosome conformation capture (Capture Hi-C) targeting more than 20,000 promoters and 214 GWAS variants and combined these data with transcriptome and epigenomic data sets. We validated our results with reporter assays, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats activation, and examination of patient gene expression from previous studies. RESULTS We identified 118 target genes of 82 AD and psoriasis GWAS variants. Differential expression of 58 of the 118 target genes (49%) occurred in either AD or psoriatic lesions, many of which were not previously linked to any skin disease. We highlighted the genes AFG1L, CLINT1, ADO, LINC00302, and RP1-140J1.1 and provided further evidence for their potential roles in AD and psoriasis. CONCLUSIONS Our work focused on skin barrier pathology through investigation of the interaction profile of GWAS variants during keratinocyte differentiation. We have provided a catalogue of candidate genes that could modulate the risk of AD and psoriasis. Given that only 35% of the target genes are the gene nearest to the known GWAS variants, we expect that our work will contribute to the discovery of novel pathways involved in AD and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Sahlén
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rapolas Spalinskas
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samina Asad
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kunal Das Mahapatra
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Höjer
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anandashankar Anil
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Eisfeldt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ankit Srivastava
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Nikamo
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anaya Mukherjee
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kyu-Han Kim
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, Research and Development Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Korea
| | - Otto Bergman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mona Ståhle
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Enikö Sonkoly
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Dermatology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andor Pivarcsi
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Fredrik Wahlgren
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Nordenskjöld
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fulya Taylan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Bradley
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Dermatology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabel Tapia-Páez
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Baseggio Conrado A, Fanelli S, McGuire VA, Ibbotson SH. Role of Hypotaurine in Protection against UVA-Induced Damage in Keratinocytes. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:353-359. [PMID: 32959397 DOI: 10.1111/php.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoageing and skin cancer are major causes of morbidity and are a high cost to society. Interest in the development of photoprotective agents for inclusion in topical cosmetic and sunscreen products is profound. Recently, amino acids with a sulfinic group, notably hypotaurine, have been included as ingredients in cosmetic preparations. However, the mechanism of action of hypotaurine as a possible anti-aging agent is unknown, despite its use as a free radical scavenger. To address this issue, we investigated hypotaurine uptake in a human keratinocyte model and examined its effect on UVR-induced cytotoxicity. Hypotaurine was taken up by keratinocytes in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, with levels remaining significantly above baseline 48 h after washout. A cytoprotective effect of pre-incubation with 2.5-5 mMhypotaurine was shown as indicated by increased cell viability when keratinocytes were irradiated with UVA at 5 or 10 Jcm-2 , with the level of hypotaurine also significantly reduced. These findings indicate a potential cytoprotective effect of hypotaurine against the deleterious effects of UVA irradiation. This provides support for further studies to evaluate the potential photoprotective benefits of hypotaurine supplementation of topical cosmetic and sunscreen products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Fanelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences " A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Victoria Anne McGuire
- Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Sally Helen Ibbotson
- Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Foster AR, El Chami C, O'Neill CA, Watson REB. Osmolyte transporter expression is reduced in photoaged human skin: Implications for skin hydration in aging. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13058. [PMID: 31769623 PMCID: PMC6974728 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the deterioration of tissue structure and function. In skin, environmental factors, for example, ultraviolet radiation (UVR), can accelerate the effects of aging such as decline in barrier function and subsequent loss of hydration. Water homeostasis is vital for all cellular functions and it is known that organic osmolyte transport is critical to this process. Therefore, we hypothesized that as we age, these tightly controlled physiological mechanisms become disrupted, possibly due to loss of transporter expression. We investigated this in vivo, using human skin samples from photoprotected and photoexposed sites of young and aged volunteers. We show a reduction in keratinocyte cell size with age and a downregulation of osmolyte transporters SMIT and TAUT with both chronic and acute UVR exposure. Single‐cell live imaging demonstrated that aged keratinocytes lack efficient cell volume recovery mechanisms possessed by young keratinocytes following physiological stress. However, addition of exogenous taurine significantly rescued cell volume; this was corroborated by a reduction in TAUT mRNA and protein in aged, as compared to young, keratinocytes. Collectively, these novel data demonstrate that human epidermal keratinocytes possess osmolyte‐mediated cell volume regulatory mechanisms, which may be compromised in aging. Therefore, this suggests that organic osmolytes—especially taurine—play a critical role in cutaneous age‐related xerosis and highlights a fundamental mechanism, vital to our understanding of the pathophysiology of skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- April R. Foster
- Centre for Dermatology Research Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK
| | - Cecile El Chami
- Centre for Dermatology Research Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK
| | - Catherine A. O'Neill
- Centre for Dermatology Research Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK
| | - Rachel E. B. Watson
- Centre for Dermatology Research Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK
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Seidel U, Huebbe P, Rimbach G. Taurine: A Regulator of Cellular Redox Homeostasis and Skeletal Muscle Function. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800569. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Seidel
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Patricia Huebbe
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of Kiel Kiel Germany
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7
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Nusetti S, Urbina M, Lima L. Effects of zinc ex vivo on taurine uptake in goldfish retinal cells. J Biomed Sci 2010; 17 Suppl 1:S13. [PMID: 20804587 PMCID: PMC2994400 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-17-s1-s13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Taurine and zinc exert neurotrophic effects in the central nervous system. Current studies demonstrate that Na+/Cl- dependent neurotransmitter transporters, similar to that of taurine, are modulated by micromolar concentrations of zinc. This study examined the effect of zinc sulfate ex vivo on [3H]taurine transport in goldfish retina. Methods Isolated cells were incubated in Ringer with zinc (0.1–100 µM). Taurine transport was done with 50 nM [3H]taurine or by isotopic dilution with taurine (0.001–1 mM) and 50 nM [3H]taurine. Results Zinc reduced the capacity of taurine transport without changes in affinity, and caused a noncompetitive inhibition of high affinity taurine transport, with an EC50= 0.072 µM. The mechanism by which zinc affects taurine transport is unknown at the present. Conclusions There may be a binding site of zinc in the transporter that affects union or translocation of taurine, or possibly the formation of taurine-zinc complexes, rather than free zinc, could affect the operation of the transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nusetti
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela.
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8
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Effects of zinc ex vivo and intracellular zinc chelator in vivo on taurine uptake in goldfish retina. Amino Acids 2009; 38:1429-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Sadzuka Y, Matsuura M, Sonobe T. The Effect of Taurine, a Novel Biochemical Modulator, on the Antitumor Activity of Doxorubicin. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1584-7. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Sadzuka
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Shizuoka
- School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University
| | | | - Takashi Sonobe
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Shizuoka
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10
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Penetration Profile of Taurine in the Human Skin and Its Distribution in Skin Layers. Pharm Res 2008; 25:1846-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Silva DLP, Mrestani Y, Rüttinger HH, Wohlrab J, Neubert R. Comparison Between Fluorescence and Pulsed Integrated Electrochemical Detectors for the Determination of Taurine in Human Skin, Urine and Plasma by CE. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0595-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Warskulat U, Brookmann S, Reinen A, Häussinger D. Ultraviolet B radiation induces cell shrinkage and increases osmolyte transporter mRNA expression and osmolyte uptake in HaCaT keratinocytes. Biol Chem 2008; 388:1345-52. [PMID: 18020950 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2007.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that compatible organic osmolytes, such as betaine, myo-inositol and taurine, are part of the stress response of normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. In this regard, we tested human HaCaT keratinocytes as a surrogate cell line for NHK. HaCaT cells osmo-dependently express mRNA specific for transport proteins for betaine (BGT-1), myo-inositol (SMIT) and taurine (TAUT). Compared to normoosmotic (305 mosmol/l) controls, which strongly constitutively expressed BGT-1 mRNA, strong induction of SMIT and TAUT mRNA as well as low induction of BGT-1 mRNA expression was observed between 3 and 9 h after hyperosmotic exposure (405 mosmol/l). This expression correlated with an increased osmolyte uptake. Conversely, hypoosmotic (205 mosmol/l) stimulation led to a significant efflux of osmolytes. Exposure to UVB (290-315 nm) radiation induced cell shrinkage which was followed by an upregulation of osmolyte transporter mRNA levels and osmolyte uptake. These results demonstrate that human HaCaT keratinocytes possess an osmolyte strategy including UVB-induced cell shrinkage and following increased osmolyte uptake. However, several differences in osmolyte transporter expression and uptake were noted between NHK and HaCaT cells, indicating that the use of HaCaT cells as a surrogate cell line for NHK has limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Warskulat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Collin C, Gautier B, Gaillard O, Hallegot P, Chabane S, Bastien P, Peyron M, Bouleau M, Thibaut S, Pruche F, Duranton A, Bernard BA. Protective effects of taurine on human hair follicle grown in vitro1. Int J Cosmet Sci 2006; 28:289-98. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.2006.00334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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da Silva DLP, Rüttinger HH, Mrestani Y, Baum WF, Neubert RHH. Development of capillary electrophoresis methods for quantitative determination of taurine in vehicle system and biological media. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:2330-7. [PMID: 16856126 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
CE methods have been developed for the determination of taurine in pharmaceutical formulation (microemulsion) and in biological media such as sweat. The CE system with end-column pulsed amperometric detection has been found to be an interesting method in comparison with UV and fluorescence detection for its simplicity and rapidity. A gold-disk electrode of 100 mm diameter was used as the working electrode. The effects of a field decoupler at the end of the capillary, separation voltage, injection and pressure times were investigated. A detection limit of 4 x 10(-5) mol/L was reached using integrated pulsed amperometric detection, a method successfully applied to taurine analysis of the biological samples such as sweat. For taurine analysis of oil-in-water microemulsion, fluorescence detector was the favored method, the detection limit of which was 4 x 10(-11) mol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayse L P da Silva
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
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Vanderhoeven J, Pappaert K, Dutta B, Van Hummelen P, Desmet G. Development of capillary electrophoresis methods for quantitative determination of taurine in vehicle system and biological media. Electrophoresis 2006; 26:3773-9. [PMID: 16196108 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrate the benefits of a shear-driven rotating microchamber system for the enhancement of microarray hybridizations, by comparing the system with two commonly used hybridization techniques: purely diffusion-driven hybridization under coverslip and hybridization using a fully automated hybridization station, in which the sample is pumped in an oscillating manner. Starting from the same amount of DNA for the three different methods, a series of hybridization experiments using mouse lung and testis DNA is presented to demonstrate these benefits. The gain observed using the rotating microchamber is large: both in terms of analysis speed (up to tenfold increase) and in final spot intensity (up to sixfold increase). The gain is due to the combined effect of the hybridization chamber miniaturization (leading to a sample concentration increase if comparing iso-mass conditions) and the transport enhancement originating from the rotational shear-driven flow induced by the rotation of the chamber bottom wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Vanderhoeven
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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