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El Sadda RR, Eissa MS, Elafndi RK, Moawed EA, El-Zahed MM, Saad HR. Synthesis and biological evaluation of titanium dioxide/thiopolyurethane composite: anticancer and antibacterial effects. BMC Chem 2024; 18:35. [PMID: 38368376 PMCID: PMC10874576 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposites incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) have a significant potential for various industrial and medical applications. These nanocomposites exhibit selectivity as antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Antimicrobial activity is crucial for medical uses, including applications in food processing, packaging, and surgical instruments. Additionally, these nanocomposites exhibit selectivity as anticancer agents. A stable nanocomposite as a new anticancer and antibacterial chemical was prepared by coupling titanium dioxide nanoparticles with a polyurethane foam matrix through the thiourea group. The titanium dioxide/thiopolyurethane nanocomposite (TPU/TiO2) was synthesized from low-cost Ilmenite ore and commercial polyurethane foam. EDX analysis was used to determine the elemental composition of the titanium dioxide (TiO2) matrix. TiO2NPs were synthesized and were characterized using TEM, XRD, IR, and UV-Vis spectra. TiO2NPs and TPU foam formed a novel composite. The MTT assay assessed Cisplatin and HepG-2 and MCF-7 cytotoxicity in vitro. Its IC50 values for HepG-2 and MCF-7 were 122.99 ± 4.07 and 201.86 ± 6.82 µg/mL, respectively. The TPU/TiO2 exhibits concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HepG-2 cells in vitro. The selective index was measured against both cell lines; it showed its safety against healthy cells. Agar well-diffusion exhibited good inhibition zones against Escherichia coli (12 mm), Bacillus cereus (10 mm), and Aspergillus niger (19 mm). TEM of TPU/TiO2-treated bacteria showed ultrastructure changes, including plasma membrane detachment from the cell wall, which caused lysis and bacterial death. TPU/TiO2 can treat cancer and inhibit microbes in dentures and other items. Also, TPU/TiO2 inhibits E. coli, B. cereus, and A. niger microbial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana R El Sadda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, P.O. Box 34517, New Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Mai S Eissa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, P.O. Box 34517, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Rokaya K Elafndi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, P.O. Box 34517, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Elhossein A Moawed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, P.O. Box 34517, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M El-Zahed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Hoda R Saad
- Geology Department, Faulty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
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2
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Sun Q, Yang Z, Qi X. Design and Application of Hybrid Polymer-Protein Systems in Cancer Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092219. [PMID: 37177365 PMCID: PMC10181109 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-protein systems have excellent characteristics, such as non-toxic, non-irritating, good water solubility and biocompatibility, which makes them very appealing as cancer therapeutics agents. Inspiringly, they can achieve sustained release and targeted delivery of drugs, greatly improving the effect of cancer therapy and reducing side effects. However, many challenges, such as reducing the toxicity of materials, protecting the activities of proteins and controlling the release of proteins, still need to be overcome. In this review, the design of hybrid polymer-protein systems, including the selection of polymers and the bonding forms of polymer-protein systems, is presented. Meanwhile, vital considerations, including reaction conditions and the release of proteins in the design process, are addressed. Then, hybrid polymer-protein systems developed in the past decades for cancer therapy, including targeted therapy, gene therapy, phototherapy, immunotherapy and vaccine therapy, are summarized. Furthermore, challenges for the hybrid polymer-protein systems in cancer therapy are exemplified, and the perspectives of the field are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 100069, China
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xianrong Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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3
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Fresacher-Scheiber K, Ruseska I, Siboni H, Reiser M, Falsone F, Grill L, Zimmer A. Modified Stability of microRNA-Loaded Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091829. [PMID: 36145577 PMCID: PMC9504241 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs represent promising drugs to treat and prevent several diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. microRNA delivery brings many obstacles to overcome, and one strategy to bypass them is the manufacturing of self-assembled microRNA protein nanoparticles. In this work, a microRNA was combined with the cell-penetrating peptide protamine, forming so-called proticles. Previous studies demonstrated a lack of microRNA dissociation from proticles. Therefore, the goal of this study was to show the success of functionalizing binary proticles with citric acid in order to reduce the binding strength between the microRNA and protamine and further enable sufficient dissociation. Thus, we outline the importance of the present protons provided by the acid in influencing colloidal stability, achieving a constant particle size, and monodispersing the particle size distribution. The use of citric acid also provoked an increase in drug loading. Against all expectations, the AFM investigations demonstrated that our nanoparticles were loose complexes mainly consisting of water, and the addition of citric acid led to a change in shape. Moreover, a successful reduction in binding affinity and nanoparticulate stability are highlighted. Low cellular toxicity and a constant cellular uptake are demonstrated, and as uptake routes, active and passive pathways are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Fresacher-Scheiber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ivana Ruseska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Henrik Siboni
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Reiser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Fabio Falsone
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Leonhard Grill
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-380-8881
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4
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Sun W, Zhang F, Wang M, Wang N, Wang G, Su X. A ratiometric fluorescence strategy based on polyethyleneimine surface-modified carbon dots and Eosin Y for the ultrasensitive determination of protamine and trypsin. Analyst 2022; 147:677-684. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02138a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe for protamine and trypsin detection with excellent biocompatibility and high sensitivity was successfully constructed based on CDs-PEI and Eosin Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Sun
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mengke Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Guannan Wang
- College of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Xingguang Su
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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5
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Zeng Z, Tung CH, Zu Y. Aptamer-Equipped Protamine Nanomedicine for Precision Lymphoma Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040780. [PMID: 32218299 PMCID: PMC7226387 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is the most common T-cell lymphoma in children. ALCL cells characteristically express surface CD30 molecules and carry the pathogenic ALK oncogene, both of which are diagnostic biomarkers and are also potential therapeutic targets. For precision therapy, we report herein a protamine nanomedicine incorporated with oligonucleotide aptamers to selectively target lymphoma cells, a dsDNA/drug payload to efficiently kill targeted cells, and an siRNA to specifically silence ALK oncogenes. The aptamer-equipped protamine nanomedicine was simply fabricated through a non-covalent charge-force reaction. The products had uniform structure morphology under an electron microscope and a peak diameter of 103 nm by dynamic light scattering measurement. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that under CD30 aptamer guidance, the protamine nanomedicine specifically bound to lymphoma cells, but did not react to off-target cells in control experiments. Moreover, specific cell targeting and intracellular delivery of the nanomedicine were also validated by electron and confocal microscopy. Finally, functional studies demonstrated that, through combined cell-selective chemotherapy using a drug payload and oncogene-specific gene therapy using an siRNA, the protamine nanomedicine effectively killed lymphoma cells with little toxicity to off-target cells, indicating its potential for precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihua Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Cancer Pathology Research Laboratory, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston TX 77030, USA;
| | - Ching-Hsuan Tung
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Youli Zu
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Cancer Pathology Research Laboratory, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(713)-441-4460
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Yang C, Wang Y, Xie Y, Liu G, Lu Y, Wu W, Chen L. Oat protein-shellac nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle for resveratrol to improve bioavailability in vitro and in vivo. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2853-2871. [PMID: 31752574 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Oat protein-shellac nanoparticles (NPs) were developed as a delivery system for resveratrol to improve bioavailability. Materials & methods: The NPs were prepared from w/w emulsion followed by cold-gelation. In vitro release and cell uptake mechanism of NPs were estimated by HPLC and confocal laser scanning microscopy. In vivo bioavailability and hepatoprotective activity of encapsulated resveratrol were studied using rat models. Results & conclusion: NPs (90-300 nm) protected resveratrol in gastric fluid, while allowing controlled release into small intestine in vitro. The optimized NPs showed improvement in resveratrol cell uptake and transport when compared with free resveratrol. NP-100S increased resveratrol bioavailability up to 72.4%, and the absorbed resveratrol effectively prevented CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Yike Xie
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Guangyu Liu
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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Fresacher K, Helbok A, Reiser M, Blass S, Rangger C, Mair C, von Guggenberg E, Decristoforo C, Andreae F, Zimmer A. Comparison of PEGylated and non-PEGylated proticles: An in vitro and in vivo study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 139:105063. [PMID: 31487537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of so-called Proticles opens attractive possibilities for new drug delivery systems. Proticles are nanoparticles (NPs), which are formed by self-assembly of negatively charged oligonucleotides in combination with the positively charged peptide protamine. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a widely known pharmaceutical agent to stop particle growth and prolong circulation half-life of drug delivery systems. Therefore, two different NP formulations - one PEGylated and one non-PEGylated - were used in this work to gain information about the biological stability and half-life in circulation of Proticles. Thus, this study presents data of in vitro stability and in vivo pharmacokinetics of both, non-PEGylated and PEGylated Proticles radiolabeled with 111InCl3. The study demonstrated that successful radiolabeling of both Proticle-formulations was performed resulting in high radiochemical yields (> 85 %). Furthermore, the influence of PEGylation on the in vitro stability of 111In-radiolabeled NPs was investigated. No significant difference due to PEGylation was found. Unlike in vitro results, non-PEGylated 111In-Proticles seemed to degrade faster in vivo than PEGylated 111In-proticles, resulting in significantly higher blood values (111In-PEG-proticles: 0.23 ± 0.01 % ID/g 1 h p.i.; 111In-proticles: 0.06 ± 0.01 % ID/g 1 h p.i.; p < 0.05). Visualized by SPECT imaging urinary excretion represented the major pathway of elimination for both NP-formulations. In conclusion, this study provides data indicating a positive influence of PEG-derivatization on the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of Proticles. These results form the basis for further developments as drug delivery and active drug targeting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Fresacher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Helbok
- Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Reiser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Blass
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Rangger
- Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Mair
- Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elisabeth von Guggenberg
- Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fritz Andreae
- piCHEM Forschungs- und Entwicklungs GmbH, Parkring 3, 8074 Grambach, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Immune-Mediated Inflammation in Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173072. [PMID: 31450823 PMCID: PMC6749340 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic long-lasting vascular disease leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. Vulnerable atherosclerotic (AS) plaques are responsible for these life-threatening clinical endpoints. To more successfully work against atherosclerosis, improvements in early diagnosis and treatment of AS plaque lesions are required. Vulnerable AS plaques are frequently undetectable by conventional imaging because they are non-stenotic. Although blood biomarkers like lipids, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, troponins, and natriuretic peptides are in pathological ranges, these markers are insufficient in detecting the critical perpetuation of AS anteceding endpoints. Thus, chances to treat the patient in a preventive way are wasted. It is now time to solve this dilemma because clear results indicate a benefit of anti-inflammatory therapy per se without modification of blood lipids (CANTOS Trial, NCT01327846). This fact identifies modulation of immune-mediated inflammation as a new promising point of action for the eradication of fatal atherosclerotic endpoints.
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Jain A, Singh SK, Arya SK, Kundu SC, Kapoor S. Protein Nanoparticles: Promising Platforms for Drug Delivery Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3939-3961. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annish Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Sumit K. Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Shailendra K. Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Subhas C. Kundu
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs − Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sonia Kapoor
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida 201 313, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Protamine-oligonucleotide-nanoparticles: Recent advances in drug delivery and drug targeting. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 75:54-9. [PMID: 25896372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Application of oligonucleotides as active compounds has become a crucial field of pharmaceutical research in recent years. In order to improve inadequate transfection rate and to avoid rapid enzymatic degradation of antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ODNs) a novel nanoparticulate delivery system was reported by our group at the beginning of 2000. AS-ODNs are condensed by the polycationic peptide protamine into solid particles in the size range of 100-200nm. Nanoparticle formation is driven by a self-assembling process based on electrostatic interactions between the oppositely charged biomolecules. This new delivery system was named "proticles" and showed very efficient protection against enzymatic digestion, high transfection rates and significant antisense effects in vitro. Throughout broader research, this promising approach was enlarged, and AS-ODNs were replaced by siRNA or CpG-oligonucleotides to address the aspect of immune-modulation and vaccination. More recent studies on proticles verified upscaling of the self-assembling process as well as the potential of proticle formulations for active drug targeting, like tumor- or atherosclerotic plaque targeting. Thereby also the application for diagnostic purposes was emphasized. This review will focus on the characterization of the nucleoprotein protamine as well as on the variety of possible nucleotides/peptides which were already assembled into the proticle matrix. Furthermore it will provide an insight into the broad area of application where proticles can present a valuable tool for successful oligonucleotide delivery.
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11
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Capobianco ML, Marchesi E, Perrone D, Navacchia ML. Labeling deoxyadenosine for the preparation of functional conjugated oligonucleotides. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 24:1398-407. [PMID: 23883134 DOI: 10.1021/bc400243q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein we present a versatile synthetic method for the 8-thioalkylation of (deoxy)adenosine with a short carbon linker having on the other side a variety of molecules (psoralen, acridine) and functional groups (alkyne). After conventional protections, the modified adenosine can be phosphytylated and inserted into an oligonucleotide without affecting the standard protocols for supported oligonucleotide synthesis. The hybridization properties of a generic oligonucleotide containing the above conjugated moieties toward both DNA and RNA are evaluated both in the case of a perfectly complementary strand and in the case of a single mismatch. This methodology is suitable for the preparation of several types of derivatives and—through the alkynyl moiety—provides fast access to click-chemistry transformations.
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Mangge H, Almer G, Stelzer I, Reininghaus E, Prassl R. Laboratory medicine for molecular imaging of atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 437:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Almer G, Summers KL, Scheicher B, Kellner J, Stelzer I, Leitinger G, Gries A, Prassl R, Zimmer A, Mangge H. Interleukin 10-coated nanoparticle systems compared for molecular imaging of atherosclerotic lesions. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4211-22. [PMID: 25214785 PMCID: PMC4159402 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s66830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the leading causes of mortality in high-income countries. Early diagnosis of vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions is one of the biggest challenges currently facing cardiovascular medicine. The present study focuses on developing targeted nanoparticles (NPs) in order to improve the detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic-plaques. Various biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic-plaques have been identified and one of these promising candidates for diagnostic targeting is interleukin 10 (IL10). IL10 has been shown to be a key anti-inflammatory responding cytokine in the early stages of atherogenesis, and has already been used for therapeutic interventions in humans and mice. IL10, the targeting sequence, was coupled to two different types of NPs: protamine-oligonucleotide NPs (proticles) and sterically stabilized liposomes in order to address the question of whether the recognition and detection of atherosclerotic-lesions is primarily determined by the targeting sequence itself, or whether it depends on the NP carrier system to which the biomarker is coupled. Each IL10-targeted NP was assessed based on its sensitivity and selectivity toward characterizing atherosclerotic-plaque lesions using an apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse as the model of atherosclerosis. Aortas from apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high fat diet, were stained with either fluorescence-labeled IL10 or IL10-coupled NPs. Ex vivo imaging was performed using confocal laser-scanning microscopy. We found that IL10-targeted proticles generated a stronger signal by accumulating at the surface of atherosclerotic-plaques, while IL10-targeted, sterically stabilized liposomes showed a staining pattern deeper in the plaque compared to the fluorescence-labeled IL10 alone. Our results point to a promising route for enhanced in vivo imaging using IL10-targeted NPs. NPs allow a higher payload of signal emitting molecules to be delivered to the atherosclerotic-plaques, thus improving signal detection. Importantly, this allows for the opportunity to visualize different areas within the plaque scenario, depending on the nature of the applied nanocarrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunter Almer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kelli L Summers
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria ; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Scheicher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Josef Kellner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ingeborg Stelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- Research Unit Electron Microscopic Techniques, Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria ; Center for Medical Research (ZMF), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Gries
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Prassl
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria ; BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
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14
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Prabha S, Arya G, Chandra R, Ahmed B, Nimesh S. Effect of size on biological properties of nanoparticles employed in gene delivery. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 44:83-91. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.913054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Chen X, Zhu X, Li L, Xian G, Wang W, Ma D, Xie L. Investigation on novel chitosan nanoparticle-aptamer complexes targeting TGF-β receptor II. Int J Pharm 2013; 456:499-507. [PMID: 23999222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, a dominant sequence called aptamer S58 antagonized TGF-β-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation in human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs) through sealing the targeting site of TGF-β receptor II (TβR II). However, rapid degradation by ubiquitous nucleases limited the aptamer's efficacy. Chitosan-nanoparticles (CS-NP) are good drug carriers. Herein we synthesises novel chitosan nanoparticle-aptamer S58 complexes called CS(S58)-NP in order to preserve and prolong S58's efficacy. We synthesised CS(S58)-NP at various molar ratios of CS-NP to S58 using an ionic gelation method. Then, the properties of the CS(S58)-NP including particle size, zeta potential, protection capacity, slow-release effect and cytotoxicity were studied. The targeting effect of the CS(S58)-NP was also studied. CS(S58)-NP at molar ratios of 20 and 30 showed high aptamer encapsulation efficiency, powerful aptamer protection, stable sustained-release ability and low cytotoxicity. FITC-labelled CS(S58)-NP could successfully bind to TβR II. As a result, TGF-β-induced cell proliferation and α-SMA expression were both inhibited. Furthermore, the CS(S58)-NP could inhibit TGF-β-induced α-SMA expression for a longer time than naked S58, even in serum. This research applied CS-NP as the aptamer carrier. The research results demonstrate that CS-NP are potentially able to preserve and prolong aptamer S58's efficacy. This study reveals that the use of CS-NP is promising for aptamer delivery and CS(S58)-NP can be a potential anti-scarring therapeutic approach after glaucoma filtration surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Nimesh S. Protamine nanoparticles. Gene Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1533/9781908818645.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Rahimnejad M, Najafpour G, Bakeri G. Investigation and modeling effective parameters influencing the size of BSA protein nanoparticles as colloidal carrier. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Protein-based nanocarriers as promising drug and gene delivery systems. J Control Release 2012; 161:38-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 550] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Alameh M, Dejesus D, Jean M, Darras V, Thibault M, Lavertu M, Buschmann MD, Merzouki A. Low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticulate system at low N:P ratio for nontoxic polynucleotide delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1399-414. [PMID: 22457597 PMCID: PMC3310411 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s26571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan, a natural polymer, is a promising system for the therapeutic delivery of both plasmid DNA and synthetic small interfering RNA. Reports attempting to identify the optimal parameters of chitosan for synthetic small interfering RNA delivery were inconclusive with high molecular weight at high amine-to-phosphate (N:P) ratios apparently required for efficient transfection. Here we show, for the first time, that low molecular weight chitosan (LMW-CS) formulations at low N:P ratios are suitable for the in vitro delivery of small interfering RNA. LMW-CS nanoparticles at low N:P ratios were positively charged (ζ-potential ~20 mV) with an average size below 100 nm as demonstrated by dynamic light scattering and environmental scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Nanoparticles were spherical, a shape promoting decreased cytotoxicity and enhanced cellular uptake. Nanoparticle stability was effective for at least 20 hours at N:P ratios above two in a slightly acidic pH of 6.5. At a higher basic pH of 8, these nanoparticles were unravelled due to chitosan neutralization, exposing their polynucleotide cargo. Cellular uptake ranged from 50% to 95% in six different cell lines as measured by cytometry. Increasing chitosan molecular weight improved nanoparticle stability as well as the ability of nanoparticles to protect the oligonucleotide cargo from nucleases at supraphysiological concentrations. The highest knockdown efficiency was obtained with the specific formulation 92-10-5 that combines sufficient nuclease protection with effective intracellular release. This system attained >70% knockdown of the messenger RNA, similar to commercially available lipoplexes, without apparent cytotoxicity. Contrary to previous reports, our data demonstrate that LMW-CS at low N:P ratios are efficient and nontoxic polynucleotide delivery systems capable of transfecting a plethora of cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Alameh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique, Montréal, QC, Canada
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González-Aramundiz JV, Lozano MV, Sousa-Herves A, Fernandez-Megia E, Csaba N. Polypeptides and polyaminoacids in drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:183-201. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.647906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Mosgoeller W, Prassl R, Zimmer A. Nanoparticle-Mediated Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Methods Enzymol 2012; 508:325-54. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-391860-4.00017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Almer G, Wernig K, Saba-Lepek M, Haj-Yahya S, Rattenberger J, Wagner J, Gradauer K, Frascione D, Pabst G, Leitinger G, Mangge H, Zimmer A, Prassl R. Adiponectin-coated nanoparticles for enhanced imaging of atherosclerotic plaques. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:1279-90. [PMID: 21753879 PMCID: PMC3131194 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s18739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of mortality in the Western world, and plaque diagnosis is still a challenge in cardiovascular medicine. The main focus of this study was to make atherosclerotic plaques visible using targeted nanoparticles for improved imaging. Today various biomarkers are known to be involved in the pathophysiologic scenario of atherosclerotic plaques. One promising new candidate is the globular domain of the adipocytokine adiponectin (gAd), which was used as a targeting sequence in this study. METHODS gAd was coupled to two different types of nanoparticles, namely protamine-oligonucleotide nanoparticles, known as proticles, and sterically stabilized liposomes. Both gAd-targeted nanoparticles were investigated for their potency to characterize critical scenarios within early and advanced atherosclerotic plaque lesions using an atherosclerotic mouse model. Aortic tissue from wild type and apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, both fed a high-fat diet, were stained with either fluorescent-labeled gAd or gAd-coupled nanoparticles. Ex vivo imaging was performed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS gAd-targeted sterically stabilized liposomes generated a strong signal by accumulating at the surface of atherosclerotic plaques, while gAd-targeted proticles became internalized and showed more spotted plaque staining. CONCLUSION Our results offer a promising perspective for enhanced in vivo imaging using gAd-targeted nanoparticles. By means of nanoparticles, a higher payload of signal emitting molecules could be transported to atherosclerotic plaques. Additionally, the opportunity is opened up to visualize different regions in the plaque scenario, depending on the nature of the nanoparticle used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunter Almer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Graz, Austria
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23
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Nuclear localization of cationic solid lipid nanoparticles containing Protamine as transfection promoter. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010; 76:384-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Ortner A, Wernig K, Kaisler R, Edetsberger M, Hajos F, Köhler G, Mosgoeller W, Zimmer A. VPAC receptor mediated tumor cell targeting by protamine based nanoparticles. J Drug Target 2010; 18:457-67. [DOI: 10.3109/10611860903508796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Accelerated stem cell labeling with ferucarbotran and protamine. Eur Radiol 2009; 20:640-8. [PMID: 19756632 PMCID: PMC2822227 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-009-1585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and characterize a clinically applicable, fast and efficient method for stem cell labeling with ferucarbotran and protamine for depiction with clinical MRI. METHODS The hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential and relaxivities of ferucarbotran and varying concentrations of protamine were measured. Once the optimized ratio was found, human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were labeled at varying incubation times (1-24 h). Viability was assessed via Trypan blue exclusion testing. 150,000 labeled cells in Ficoll solution were imaged with T1-, T2- and T2*-weighted sequences at 3 T, and relaxation rates were calculated. RESULTS Varying the concentrations of protamine allows for easy modification of the physicochemical properties. Simple incubation with ferucarbotran alone resulted in efficient labeling after 24 h of incubation while assisted labeling with protamine resulted in similar results after only 1 h. Cell viability remained unaffected. R2 and R2* relaxation rates were drastically increased. Electron microscopy confirmed intracellular iron oxide uptake in lysosomes. Relaxation times correlated with results from ICP-AES. CONCLUSION Our results show internalization of ferucarbotran can be accelerated in MSCs with protamine, an approved heparin antagonist and potentially clinically applicable uptake-enhancing agent.
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Nimesh S, Chandra R. Polyethylenimine nanoparticles as an efficient in vitro siRNA delivery system. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 73:43-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fattal E, Barratt G. Nanotechnologies and controlled release systems for the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:179-94. [PMID: 19366348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA have enormous potential for the treatment of a number of diseases, including cancer. However, several impediments to their widespread use as drugs still have to be overcome: in particular their lack of stability in physiological fluids and their poor penetration into cells. Association with or encapsulation within nano- and microsized drug delivery systems could help to solve these problems. In this review, we describe the progress that has been made using delivery systems composed of natural or synthetic polymers in the form of complexes, nanoparticles or microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Fattal
- Univ Paris Sud 11, UMR 8612, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92290, France
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29
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Crisante F, Francolini I, Bellusci M, Martinelli A, D’Ilario L, Piozzi A. Antibiotic delivery polyurethanes containing albumin and polyallylamine nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 36:555-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Drug delivery of siRNA therapeutics: potentials and limits of nanosystems. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2009; 5:8-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Luykx DMAM, Peters RJB, van Ruth SM, Bouwmeester H. A review of analytical methods for the identification and characterization of nano delivery systems in food. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:8231-8247. [PMID: 18759445 DOI: 10.1021/jf8013926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Detection and characterization of nano delivery systems is an essential part of understanding the benefits as well as the potential toxicity of these systems in food. This review gives a detailed description of food nano delivery systems based on lipids, proteins, and/or polysaccharides and investigates the current analytical techniques that can be used for the identification and characterization of these delivery systems in food products. The analytical approaches have been subdivided into three groups; separation techniques, imaging techniques, and characterization techniques. The principles of the techniques together with their advantages and drawbacks, and reported applications concerning nano delivery systems, or otherwise related compounds are discussed. The review shows that for a sufficient characterization, the nano delivery systems need to be separated from the food matrix, for which high-performance liquid chromatography or field flow fractionation are the most promising techniques. Subsequently, online photon correlation spectroscopy and mass spectrometry seem to be a convenient combination of techniques to characterize a wide variety of nano delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dion M A M Luykx
- Institute of Food Safety, RIKILT, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Wernig K, Griesbacher M, Andreae F, Hajos F, Wagner J, Mosgoeller W, Zimmer A. Depot formulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide by protamine-based biodegradable nanoparticles. J Control Release 2008; 130:192-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Brannon-Peppas L, Ghosn B, Roy K, Cornetta K. Encapsulation of nucleic acids and opportunities for cancer treatment. Pharm Res 2007; 24:618-27. [PMID: 17372693 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-9208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of nucleic acid drugs for the treatment of various cancers has shown great promise in recent years. However, efficient delivery of these drugs to target cells remains a significant challenge towards the successful development of such therapies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of encapsulation technologies being developed for the delivery of nucleic acid-based anti-cancer agents. Both micro and nanoparticles systems are discussed along with their use in delivering plasmid DNA as well as oligonucleotides. The majority of the systems discussed have used DNA immunotherapy as the potential mode of anticancer therapy, which requires targeting to antigen presenting cells. Other applications, including those with oligonucleotides, focus on targeting tumor cells directly. The results obtained so far show the excellent promise of encapsulation as an efficient means of delivering therapeutic nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Brannon-Peppas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Mailcode C0300, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Kratzer I, Wernig K, Panzenboeck U, Bernhart E, Reicher H, Wronski R, Windisch M, Hammer A, Malle E, Zimmer A, Sattler W. Apolipoprotein A-I coating of protamine-oligonucleotide nanoparticles increases particle uptake and transcytosis in an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. J Control Release 2006; 117:301-11. [PMID: 17239472 PMCID: PMC4861216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Revised: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to the brain is severely restricted by formation of tight junctions between adjacent brain capillary endothelial cells (BCEC). In the present study we have evaluated the effects of protamine-oligonucleotide nanoparticles (proticles) on the functional properties of primary porcine BCEC and characterized uptake and transcytosis of proticles by these cells. Proticles had no adverse effects on BCEC properties relevant to blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Transcytosis of (125)I-labeled proticles across polarized BCEC cultures occurred in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. As apolipoproteins were suggested to enhance cellular proticle uptake, proticle coating was performed with apoA-I, the major apolipoprotein component of high density lipoproteins. Adsorption of apoA-I on the surface of proticles resulted in significantly improved uptake and transcytosis properties as compared to uncoated proticles. ApoA-I coating enhanced proticle delivery to astrocytes in an in vitro model of the BBB almost twofold. Blocking of scavenger receptor class B, type I (the prime receptor for high density lipoprotein/apoA-I that is expressed on BCEC) reduced transcytosis of apoA-I-coated proticles to levels observed for uncoated proticles. Our data indicate that apoA-I-coating of proticles could be a feasible targeting technology to improve delivery across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Kratzer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Wernig
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria
| | - Ute Panzenboeck
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Bernhart
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Helga Reicher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Astrid Hammer
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Malle
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +43 316 380 4188; fax: +43 316 380 9615. (W. Sattler)
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Katas H, Alpar HO. Development and characterisation of chitosan nanoparticles for siRNA delivery. J Control Release 2006; 115:216-25. [PMID: 16959358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Revised: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Gene silencing mediated by double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been widely investigated as a potential therapeutic approach for diseases with genetic defects. The use of siRNA, however, is hampered by its rapid degradation and poor cellular uptake into cells in vitro or in vivo. Therefore, we have explored chitosan as a siRNA vector due to its advantages such as low toxicity, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by two methods of ionic cross-linking, simple complexation and ionic gelation using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). Both methods produced nanosize particles, less than 500 nm depending on type, molecular weight as well as concentration of chitosan. In the case of ionic gelation, two further factors, namely chitosan to TPP weight ratio and pH, affected the particle size. In vitro studies in two types of cells lines, CHO K1 and HEK 293, have revealed that preparation method of siRNA association to the chitosan plays an important role on the silencing effect. Chitosan-TPP nanoparticles with entrapped siRNA are shown to be better vectors as siRNA delivery vehicles compared to chitosan-siRNA complexes possibly due to their high binding capacity and loading efficiency. Therefore, chitosan-TPP nanoparticles show much potential as viable vector candidates for safer and cost-effective siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haliza Katas
- School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39, Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
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Abstract
Despite significant advances that have been made in recent years, there is still an urgent need for novel, more effective and less toxic therapeutics for human cancer. Among many new molecular therapeutics being explored for cancer therapy, antisense oligonucleotides are a promising nucleic acid-based approach, with numerous antisense agents being evaluated in preclinical studies and several anticancer antisense drugs in clinical trials. Although there are still a few problems facing the development of antisense strategies for cancer therapy, with progress made in chemical modifications, target selection and drug delivery systems, antisense oligonucleotides are emerging as a novel approach to cancer therapy used alone or in combination with conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rose Rayburn
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, VH 113, 1670 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Chen L, Remondetto GE, Subirade M. Food protein-based materials as nutraceutical delivery systems. Trends Food Sci Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2005.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 851] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mayer G, Vogel V, Weyermann J, Lochmann D, van den Broek JA, Tziatzios C, Haase W, Wouters D, Schubert US, Zimmer A, Kreuter J, Schubert D. Oligonucleotide-protamine-albumin nanoparticles: Protamine sulfate causes drastic size reduction. J Control Release 2006; 106:181-7. [PMID: 16002173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2004] [Revised: 04/19/2005] [Accepted: 04/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles prepared by self-assembly from oligonucleotides (ONs), protamine free base, and human serum albumin ("ternary proticles") are spheres of diameters around 200 nm. Substitution of the protamine free base by protamine sulfate leads to proticles of only around 40 nm in diameter with otherwise unchanged properties. The availability of drug delivery systems of very similar composition but grossly different size may be advantageous when dealing with cells which show size-dependent particle uptake. These nanoparticles are promising candidates for ON delivery to cells because of the following reasons: (1) They are stable for several hours in solutions of up to physiological ionic strength; (2) they are efficiently taken up by cells; (3) after cellular uptake, they easily release the ONs even when these are present as phosphorothioates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gottfried Mayer
- Institut für Biophysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 74, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this paper, we will review the recent advances in antisense oligonucleotide therapy in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. Bladder cancer has an exciting potential as a model to study antisense oligonucleotide therapy because of the ease of accessibility of treatment, ease of diagnosis through biopsy and urine cytology, and direct observation of treatment efficacy through cystoscopy and posttreatment biopsy. RECENT FINDINGS We will elaborate on the recent developments in the delivery of antisense oligonucleotide and the implications of these results on the use of antisense oligonucleotide intravesically. We will also discuss recent preclinical in-vitro results of antisense oligonucleotide therapy in different bladder cancer cell lines. SUMMARY Recent developments of the in-vitro and animal in-vivo effectiveness of antisense treatment in bladder cancer provide the foundation to pursue future phase I clinical trials. Antisense oligonucleotide technology is a promising tool that may become an effective method of treating bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan So
- The Prostate Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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