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Robison-Smith C, Masud N, Tarring EC, Ward BD, Cable J. A class of their own? Water-soluble polymer pollution impacting a freshwater host-pathogen system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168086. [PMID: 37890633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
While the inclusion of synthetic polymers such as primary microplastics within personal care products have been widely restricted under EU/UK Law, water-soluble polymers (WSPs) have so far slipped the net of global chemical regulation despite evidence that these could be polluting wastewater effluents at concentrations greatly exceeding those of microplastics. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) represent WSPs with common industry and household uses, down-the-drain disposal and a direct route to wastewater treatment plants, conveying high risk of environmental leaching into freshwater ecosystems. The current study is the first investigating the impacts of predicted environmental concentrations of these WSPs on life-history traits of two freshwater species also constituting a disease model (fish - Poecilia reticulata and parasite - Gyrodactylus turnbulli). Single effects of WSPs on fish as well as their interactive effects with infection of the ectoparasite were determined over a 45-day exposure. Generally, WSPs reduced fish growth and increased routine metabolic rate of fish implying a depleted energetic budget, however these effects were dose, exposure time and polymer dependent. Parasitic infection alone caused a significant reduction in fish growth and enhanced fish routine metabolic rate. In contrast, a non-additive effect on metabolic rate was evident in fish experiencing simultaneous infection and WSP exposure, suggesting a protective effect of the two WSPs for fish also exposed to a metazoan ectoparasite. Off-host parasite survival was significantly lowered by both WSPs; however, parasite counts of infected fish also exposed to WSP were not significantly different from the control, implying more complex mechanisms may underpin this stressor interaction. Distinct detrimental impacts were inflicted on both organisms implying environmental leaching of WSPs may be causing significant disruption to interspecies interactions within freshwater ecosystems. Additionally, these results could contribute to sustainable development in industry, as we conclude PVA represents a less harmful alternative to PVP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Numair Masud
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Eve C Tarring
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, CF10 3AT, UK
| | | | - Jo Cable
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3AX, UK
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Solid self emulsifying drug delivery system: Superior mode for oral delivery of hydrophobic cargos. J Control Release 2021; 337:646-660. [PMID: 34384795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A significant proportion of recently approved drug molecules possess poor aqueous solubility which further restrains their desired bioavailability. Poor aqueous solubility of these drugs poses significant hurdles in development of novel drug delivery systems and achieving target response. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) emerged as an insightful approach for delivering highly hydrophobic entities to enhance their bioavailability. Conventional SEDDS were developed in a liquid form which owned numerous shortcomings like low stability and drug loading efficiency, fewer choices of dosage forms and irreversible precipitation of drug or excipients. To address these curbs solid-SEDDS (S-SEDDS) was introduced as an efficient strategy that combined advantages of solid dosage forms such as increased stability, portability and patient compliance along with substantial improvement in the bioavailability. S-SEDDS are isotropic mixtures of oil, surfactant, solvent and co-solvents generated by solidification of liquid or semisolid self-emulsifying ingredients onto powders. The present review highlights components of S-SEDDS, their peculiarities to be considered while designing solid dosage forms and various methods of fabrication. Lastly, key challenges faced during development, applications and future directions for the research in this area are thoroughly summarized.
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Elgaied-Lamouchi D, Descamps N, Lefevre P, Rambur I, Pierquin JY, Siepmann F, Siepmann J, Muschert S. Starch-based controlled release matrix tablets: Impact of the type of starch. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Tableting by direct compression (DC) is one of the simplest and most cost-effective drug manufacturing approaches. However, most active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients lack the compression and flow properties required to meet the needs of high-speed industrial tablet presses. Therefore, the majority of DC APIs and excipients are modified via processing/co-processing particle engineering techniques to boost their properties. Spray drying is one of the most commonly employed techniques to prepare DC grades of APIs and excipients with prominent advantages. This review aims to present an overview of the commercially marketed and investigationally-prepared DC APIs and excipients produced by spray drying.
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Tran PH, Duan W, Lee BJ, Tran TT. Modulation of Drug Crystallization and Molecular Interactions by Additives in Solid Dispersions for Improving Drug Bioavailability. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2099-2107. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190618102717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background::
An increase in poorly water-soluble drugs makes the design of drug delivery systems
challenging.
Methods::
Currently, a number of prospective solid dispersions have been investigated with potential applications
for delivering a variety of poorly water-soluble drugs. A number of traditional solid dispersions and modifiedsolid
dispersions offer attractive advantages in the fabrication, design and development of those drugs for effective
therapeutics.
Results::
Although traditional solid dispersions can produce a higher release rate, resulting in higher bioavailability
compared to conventional dosage forms, this method is not always a promising approach. Modified-solid
dispersion has demonstrated both the ability of its polymers to transform drug crystals into amorphous forms and
molecular interactivity, thereby improving drug dissolution rate and bioavailability, especially with tough drugs.
However, the classification of modified-solid dispersion, which guides the selection of the right strategy in solid
dispersion preparation, remains ill-defined.
Conclusions::
This review focused on effective strategies in using additives in solid dispersion for improving drug
bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Duan
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Beom-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Thao T.D. Tran
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Joyce P, Dening TJ, Meola TR, Schultz HB, Holm R, Thomas N, Prestidge CA. Solidification to improve the biopharmaceutical performance of SEDDS: Opportunities and challenges. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 142:102-117. [PMID: 30529138 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) offer potential for overcoming the inherent slow dissolution and poor oral absorption of hydrophobic drugs by retaining them in a solubilised state during gastrointestinal transit. However, the promising biopharmaceutical benefits of liquid lipid formulations has not translated into widespread commercial success, due to their susceptibility to long term storage and in vivo precipitation issues. One strategy that has emerged to overcome such limitations, is to combine the solubilisation and dissolution enhancing properties of lipids with the stabilising effects of solid carrier materials. The development of intelligent hybrid drug formulations has presented new opportunities to harness the potential of emulsified lipids in optimising oral bioavailability for lipophilic therapeutics. Specific emphasis of this review is placed on the impact of solidification approaches and excipients on the biopharmaceutical performance of self-emulsifying lipids, with findings highlighting the key design considerations that should be implemented when developing hybrid lipid-based formulations.
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Synergistic effect of PLGA nanoparticles and submicron triglyceride droplets in enhancing the intestinal solubilisation of a lipophilic weak base. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 118:40-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Al-Zoubi N, Al-obaidi G, Tashtoush B, Malamataris S. Sustained release of diltiazem HCl tableted after co-spray drying and physical mixing with PVAc and PVP. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:270-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1047848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nizar Al-Zoubi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan,
| | - Ghada Al-obaidi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science University, Amman, Jordan,
| | - Bassam Tashtoush
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, and
| | - Stavros Malamataris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Yang M, He S, Fan Y, Wang Y, Ge Z, Shan L, Gong W, Huang X, Tong Y, Gao C. Microenvironmental pH-modified solid dispersions to enhance the dissolution and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble weakly basic GT0918, a developing anti-prostate cancer drug: Preparation, characterization and evaluation in vivo. Int J Pharm 2014; 475:97-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Park JB, Park YJ, Kang CY, Lee BJ. Modulation of microenvironmental pH and utilization of alkalizers in crystalline solid dispersion for enhanced solubility and stability of clarithromicin. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:839-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wiranidchapong C, Ruangpayungsak N, Suwattanasuk P, Shuwisitkul D, Tanvichien S. Plasticizing effect of ibuprofen induced an alteration of drug released from Kollidon SR matrices produced by direct compression. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:1037-46. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.925917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Taniguchi C, Kawabata Y, Wada K, Yamada S, Onoue S. Microenvironmental pH-modification to improve dissolution behavior and oral absorption for drugs with pH-dependent solubility. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:505-16. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.881798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kennedy JF, Knill CJ, Liu L, Panesar PS. Starch and its Derived Products: Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications. RENEWABLE RESOURCES FOR FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS AND BIOMATERIALS 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849733519-00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Starches are one of the most abundant renewable natural resources available to us, however their potential as a biomass feedstock for the production of a vast range of commercially viable chemicals/components for application in many areas of industrial, food and biomedical sciences is currently under-exploited. This review begins by presenting an overview of starch sources, composition and structure, and physicochemical characteristics. Specific topics discussed include amylose and amylopectin structure, their location in the amorphous and crystalline regions of starch granules, granule morphology, gelatinisation and pasting characteristics. The remainder of the review then focuses upon the biotechnological production of starch hydrolysis products, such as maltodextrins, glucose and fructose syrups, and cyclodextrins, and the chemical modification of starch, namely, oxidation, stabilisation (esterification and etherification), and cross-linking. Finally some specific examples of the development of starch-derived biomaterials for application in areas such as orthopaedics, bone cements, tissue engineering, and hydrogels are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Institute of Advanced Science & Technology, Kyrewood House, Tenbury Wells, Worcestershire, WR15 8SG UK
| | - Charles J. Knill
- Chembiotech Laboratories Institute of Advanced Science & Technology, Kyrewood House, Tenbury Wells, Worcestershire, WR15 8SG UK
| | - Liu Liu
- Chembiotech Laboratories Institute of Advanced Science & Technology, Kyrewood House, Tenbury Wells, Worcestershire, WR15 8SG UK
| | - Parmjit S. Panesar
- Chembiotech Laboratories Institute of Advanced Science & Technology, Kyrewood House, Tenbury Wells, Worcestershire, WR15 8SG UK
- Department of Food Technology Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal 148 106 Punjab India
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Enteric polymers as acidifiers for the pH-independent sustained delivery of a weakly basic drug salt from coated pellets. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 78:447-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Badshah A, Subhan F, Shah NH, Bukhari NI, Saeed M, Shah KU. Once daily controlled release matrix tablet of Prochlorperazine maleate: Influence of Ethocel®and/or Methocel®onin vitrodrug release and bioavailability. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:190-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.595416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Bassi P, Kaur G. pH modulation: a mechanism to obtain pH-independent drug release. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:845-57. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2010.491508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Patel N, Madan P, Lin S. Development and evaluation of controlled release ibuprofen matrix tablets by direct compression technique. Pharm Dev Technol 2010; 16:1-11. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450903460467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Tran PHL, Tran TTD, Lee KH, Kim DJ, Lee BJ. Dissolution-modulating mechanism of pH modifiers in solid dispersion containing weakly acidic or basic drugs with poor water solubility. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:647-61. [DOI: 10.1517/17425241003645910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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AlKhatib HS, Hamed S, Mohammad MK, Bustanji Y, AlKhalidi B, Aiedeh KM, Najjar S. Effects of thermal curing conditions on drug release from polyvinyl acetate-polyvinyl pyrrolidone matrices. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:253-66. [PMID: 20174981 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dry and humid heat curing on the physical and drug release properties of polyvinyl acetate-polyvinyl pyrrolidone matrices. Both conditions resulted in increased tablet hardness; tablets stored under humid conditions showed high plasticity and deformed during hardness testing. Release from the matrices was dependent on the filler's type and level. Release profiles showed significant changes, as a result of exposure to thermal stress, none of the fillers used stabilized matrices against these changes. Density of neat polymeric compacts increased upon exposure to heat; the effect of humid heat was more evident than dry heat. Thermograms of samples cured under dry heat did not show changes, while those of samples stored under high humidity showed significant enlargement of the dehydration endotherm masking the glass transition of polyvinyl acetate. The change of the physical and release properties of matrices could be explained by the hygroscopic nature of polyvinyl pyrrolidone causing water uptake; absorbed water then acts as a plasticizer of polyvinyl acetate promoting plastic flow, deformation, and coalescence of particles, and altering the matrices internal structure. Results suggest that humid heat is more effective as a curing environment than dry heat for polyvinyl acetate-polyvinyl pyrrolidone matrices.
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Hamza YES, Aburahma MH. Innovation of novel sustained release compression-coated tablets for lornoxicam: formulation and in vitro investigations. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903170768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Modeling drug release from PVAc/PVP matrix tablets. J Control Release 2010; 141:216-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lara-Hernández B, Hernández-León A, Villafuerte-Robles L. Effect of stearic acid on the properties of metronidazole/methocel K4M floating matrices. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502009000300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of metronidazole/Methocel K4M sustained release floating tablets have been studied varying the proportion of the lubricant, stearic acid, on formulations with and without sodium bicarbonate. The variables studied include technological properties of the tablets such as tablet hardness and ejection pressure, the drug release profile, the hydration kinetics and the floating behaviour. The presence of stearic acid and sodium bicarbonate improves the floating behaviour for more than 8 hours. The hydration volume, the tablet hardness and the ejection pressure decrease as the stearic acid content increases and the polymer content decreases. Drug dissolution increases with increasing proportions of stearic acid and decreasing proportions of the polymer in the tablets. The presence of sodium bicarbonate extends the differences in dissolution produced by stearic acid. These results are attributed to decreasing matrices coherence with an increasing quantity of stearic acid and a reducing polymer proportion. The carbon dioxide bubbles produced by sodium bicarbonate expand the matrices facilitating the dissolution, although their presence obstructs also the diffusion path through the hydrated gel layer.
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Özgüney I, Shuwisitkul D, Bodmeier R. Development and characterization of extended release Kollidon® SR mini-matrices prepared by hot-melt extrusion. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 73:140-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gray V, Kelly G, Xia M, Butler C, Thomas S, Mayock S. The science of USP 1 and 2 dissolution: present challenges and future relevance. Pharm Res 2009; 26:1289-302. [PMID: 19165579 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Since its inception, the dissolution test has come under increasing levels of scrutiny regarding its relevance, especially to the correlation of results to levels of drug in blood. The technique is discussed, limited to solid oral dosage forms, beginning with the scientific origins of the dissolution test, followed by a discussion of the roles of dissolution in product development, consistent batch manufacture (QC release), and stability testing. The ultimate role of dissolution testing, "to have the results correlated to in vivo results or in vivo in vitro correlation," is reviewed. The recent debate on mechanical calibration versus performance testing using USP calibrator tablets is presented, followed by a discussion of variability and hydrodynamics of USP Apparatus 1 and Apparatus 2. Finally, the future of dissolution testing is discussed in terms of new initiatives in the industry such as quality by design (QbD), process analytical technology (PAT), and design of experiments (DOE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Gray
- V. A. Gray Consulting, Inc., 9 Yorkridge Trail, Hockessin, DE 19707, USA.
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