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Kean EA, Adeleke OA. Orally disintegrating drug carriers for paediatric pharmacotherapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 182:106377. [PMID: 36634740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-compliance, dosing inaccuracy, choking risk, flavour, and instability, are some of the issues associated with paediatric, oral dosage forms - tablets, capsules, solutions, and suspensions. Orally disintegrating drug carriers, a dosage form with growing interest, are thought to overcome several of the challenges associated with these conventional formulations by rapidly disintegrating within the buccal cavity without the need for water. This review serves as an up-to-date report on the various types of orodispersible delivery systems, currently being developed or commercialized, by detailing their characteristics, manufacturing processes, and applications in the paediatric population. Mentioned are orodispersible tablets, films, wafers and lyophilisates, mini-tablets, capsules, granules, electrospun fibers and webs. Also highlighted are the choice of excipients, quality control requirements, and expected pharmacokinetics of orally disintegrating drug carriers concerning the paediatric population. Overall, orodispersible formulations, particularly tablets, films, and lyophilisates/wafers, have shown to be a valuable addition to medication administration in minors, thus the execution of more targeted research and development activities is expected to lead to enhanced paediatric care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Kean
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Oluwatoyin A Adeleke
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Orodispersible Membranes from a Modified Coaxial Electrospinning for Fast Dissolution of Diclofenac Sodium. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110802. [PMID: 34832031 PMCID: PMC8622798 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs has been a longstanding and important issue in pharmaceutics during the past several decades. Nanotechnologies and their products have been broadly investigated for providing novel strategies for resolving this problem. In the present study, a new orodispersible membrane (OM) comprising electrospun nanofibers is developed for the fast dissolution of diclofenac sodium (DS). A modified coaxial electrospinning was implemented for the preparation of membranes, during which an unspinnable solution of sucralose was explored as the sheath working fluid for smoothing the working processes and also adjusting the taste of membranes. SEM and TEM images demonstrated that the OMs were composed of linear nanofibers with core-sheath inner structures. XRD and ATR-FTIR results suggested that DS presented in the OMs in an amorphous state due to the fine compatibility between DS and PVP. In vitro dissolution measurements and simulated artificial tongue experiments verified that the OMs were able to release the loaded DS in a pulsatile manner. The present protocols pave the way for the fast dissolution and fast action of a series of poorly water-soluble active ingredients that are suitable for oral administration.
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Development and optimisation of simulated salivary fluid for biorelevant oral cavity dissolution. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 160:125-133. [PMID: 33524535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug release within the oral cavity can be of paramount importance for formulations that are designed for specific purposes such as taste-masking, faster onset of therapeutic action, localization of treatment or avoidance of first-pass metabolism. Preclinical methods for assessment of dissolution in the oral cavity are necessary for design and development of these formulation but currently there is no consensus on what variables should be defined to achieve biorelevance in these tests. In this study, biorelevant simulated salivary fluids (SSFs) that can be uniformly applied for oral cavity dissolution testing were developed. Unstimulated saliva (US) SSF and stimulated saliva (SS) SSF were separately developed since the two states significantly differ. Physicochemical properties including pH, buffer capacity, surface tension and viscosity were assessed during development and optimised to mimic human saliva (HS). In order to account for the salivary proteins in HS, use of bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) and porcine gastric mucin (PGM) in SSFs was evaluated. Following optimisation of the SSFs, biorelevance of the developed SSFs to HS was assessed by their comparative physicochemical properties as well as dissolution profiles of three diverse model compounds (sildenafil citrate, efavirenz, and caffeine) which showed comparable profiles between the SSFs and HS. This work addresses the lack of uniformed biorelevant dissolution media for oral cavity dissolution studies and provides a basis for standardised dissolution tests that provide consistency and harmonisation in future oral cavity dissolution studies. We envisage that this will have a positive impact on the development of new medicines that require functionality in the oral cavity.
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Ponrasu T, Chen BH, Chou TH, Wu JJ, Cheng YS. Fast Dissolving Electrospun Nanofibers Fabricated from Jelly Fig Polysaccharide/Pullulan for Drug Delivery Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:241. [PMID: 33445743 PMCID: PMC7830562 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fast-dissolving drug delivery systems (FDDDSs) are developed as nanofibers using food-grade water-soluble hydrophilic biopolymers that can disintegrate fast in the oral cavity and deliver drugs. Jelly fig polysaccharide (JFP) and pullulan were blended to prepare fast-dissolving nanofiber by electrospinning. The continuous and uniform nanofibers were produced from the solution of 1% (w/w) JFP, 12% (w/w) pullulan, and 1 wt% Triton X-305. The SEM images confirmed that the prepared nanofibers exhibited uniform morphology with an average diameter of 144 ± 19 nm. The inclusion of JFP in pullulan was confirmed by TGA and FTIR studies. XRD analysis revealed that the increased crystallinity of JFP/pullulan nanofiber was observed due to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The tensile strength and water vapor permeability of the JFP/pullulan nanofiber membrane were also enhanced considerably compared to pullulan nanofiber. The JFP/pullulan nanofibers loaded with hydrophobic model drugs like ampicillin and dexamethasone were rapidly dissolved in water within 60 s and release the encapsulants dispersive into the surrounding. The antibacterial activity, fast disintegration properties of the JFP/pullulan nanofiber were also confirmed by the zone of inhibition and UV spectrum studies. Hence, JFP/pullulan nanofibers could be a promising carrier to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs for fast-dissolving/disintegrating delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Ponrasu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan; (T.P.); (B.-H.C.); (T.-H.C.)
| | - Bei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan; (T.P.); (B.-H.C.); (T.-H.C.)
| | - Tzung-Han Chou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan; (T.P.); (B.-H.C.); (T.-H.C.)
| | - Jia-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Hsueh-Shih Road No. 91, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Shen Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan; (T.P.); (B.-H.C.); (T.-H.C.)
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Ahmed TA, Elimam H, Alrifai AO, Nadhrah HM, Masoudi LY, Sairafi WO, El-Say KM. Rosuvastatin lyophilized tablets loaded with flexible chitosomes for improved drug bioavailability, anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-oxidant activity. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119791. [PMID: 32827673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rosuvastatin is a hypolipidemic drug of limited oral bioavailability. The aim was to develop rosuvastatin flexible chitosomes and loading into a pullulan-based tablet to improve the bioavailability and maximize the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities. Chitosomes nanoparticles were developed and characterized. Pullulan-based lyophilized fast dissolving tablets were developed and evaluated. The tablets' outer and inner structures were morphologically investigated. In vivo disintegration of the prepared tablets was studied in healthy human volunteers. The pharmacokinetics, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, and biochemical markers activities were conducted after administration of the tablets into male Wister rats. Liver histopathology was also investigated. The prepared chitosomes illustrated an average particle size of 342.22 ± 2.90 nm, a zeta potential value of +28.87 ± 1.39 mV and a drug entrapment efficiency of 94.59 ± 1.62%. The developed tablets showed an acceptable quality control characteristics and in vivo disintegration time of 1.48 ± 0.439 min. Scanning electron microscopy revealed distinct porous surface and sponge-like inner structure. The chitosomes based tablets demonstrated higher relative bioavailability by more than 30% and 36% when compared with the corresponding pure rosuvastatin and the marketed drug tablets, respectively. Moreover, the chitosomes based tablets showed a significant improvement in the hepatic serum biomarkers and a dramatic decrease in the serum antioxidants in response to Poloxamer 407 intoxication. The prepared tablets did not exhibit marked histopathological changes in the hepatic tissues. Accordingly, the pullan-based lyophilized fast-dissolving tablets loaded with chitosomes nanoparticles could be considered as a promising drug formulation for enhancing rosuvastatin bioavailability and pharmacodynamics activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz, University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hanan Elimam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt; Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Alyaa O Alrifai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz, University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hebah M Nadhrah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz, University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Y Masoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz, University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wed O Sairafi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz, University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M El-Say
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz, University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Li X, Zhang C, Wu S, Chen X, Mai J, Chang MW. Precision Printing of Customized Cylindrical Capsules with Multifunctional Layers for Oral Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:39179-39191. [PMID: 31573786 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advances in personalized medicine will require custom drug formulations and delivery mechanisms. Herein, we demonstrate a new type of personalized capsule comprising of printed concentric cylindrical layers with each layer having a distinctive functional drug component. Poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) with paracetamol (APAP) and chlorpheniramine maleate (CM), synergistic drugs commonly used to alleviate influenza symptoms, are printed as an inner layer and outer layer, respectively, via microscaled electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers are embedded as interlayers between the two printed PCL-drug layers using electrospinning (ES) techniques. The complete concentric cylindrical capsule with a 6 mm inner diameter and 15 mm length can be swallowed for oral drug delivery. After dissolution of the PVP interlayer, the capsule separates in two, with inner and outer capsules for continuous drug dosing and targeting. Imaging was achieved using a 3T MRI system which allowed temporal observations of the targeted release through the incorporation of nanoparticles (Fe3O4). The morphology and structure, chemical composition, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of the capsules were studied in vitro. In summary, this new type of custom printed and electrospun capsule that enabled component separation, targeted drug release may advance personalized medicine via multidrug oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China , Hangzhou 310027 , PR China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal , Hangzhou 310027 , PR China
| | - Chunchen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China , Hangzhou 310027 , PR China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal , Hangzhou 310027 , PR China
| | - Shuting Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China , Hangzhou 310027 , PR China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal , Hangzhou 310027 , PR China
| | - Xing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China , Hangzhou 310027 , PR China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal , Hangzhou 310027 , PR China
| | - John Mai
- Alfred E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90007 , United States
| | - Ming-Wei Chang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China , Hangzhou 310027 , PR China
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre , University of Ulster , Jordanstown Campus , Newtownabbey BT37 0QB , Northern Ireland , U.K
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Abbasiliasi S, Shun TJ, Tengku Ibrahim TA, Ismail N, Ariff AB, Mokhtar NK, Mustafa S. Use of sodium alginate in the preparation of gelatin-based hard capsule shells and their evaluation in vitro. RSC Adv 2019; 9:16147-16157. [PMID: 35521410 PMCID: PMC9064353 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01791g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using only type B gelatin produces hard capsule shells which are too brittle. This study examines the blending of type B bovine gelatin with sodium alginate to produce hard capsule shells and through evaluation of their in vitro physicochemical properties provides a reflection on the role of gelatin and sodium alginate in the blend. The compositions and formulation of the capsule shells in this study comprised gelatin (10%, 20% and 30%), sodium alginate (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%), water, and opacifying agents (titanium dioxide; TiO2) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) whose concentrations were kept constant. From the 15 films prepared, five were found to form hard capsule shells. Increased concentrations of sodium alginate increased the viscosity of the blends accompanied by capsule thickening. There was a good molecular compatibility between gelatin and sodium alginate. Increased gelatin and sodium alginate concentrations increased the water-holding capacity of the film, which decreased the redness (a*), lightness (L*), blueness (b*), variation in the color parameters (ΔE*) and the whiteness index (WI). The weight of the capsule shells ranged between 0.080 g and 0.25 g and the moisture content was between 5% and 11%. Ash contents for all the formulations were below 5% and the sensitivity of capsules at pH 7 was higher than that at acidic pH. Highest rupture times were observed with simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1) for all formulations. Increased gelatin concentration decreased the resistance of the capsule to force while increased sodium alginate concentration had no effect on resistance to force. Using only type B gelatin produces hard capsule shells which are too brittle.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tan Joo Shun
- Bioprocess Technology
- School of Industrial Technology
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Tengku Azmi Tengku Ibrahim
- Institute of Bioscience
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Malaysia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
| | - Nurdiana Ismail
- Halal Products Research Institute
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Arbakariya B. Ariff
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | | | - Shuhaimi Mustafa
- Halal Products Research Institute
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
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Badawi AA, Hegazy MM, Louis D, Eldegwy MA. Solving manufacturing problems for L-carnitine-L-tartrate to improve the likelihood of successful product scale-up. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA 2017; 67:511-525. [PMID: 29337668 DOI: 10.1515/acph-2017-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
L-carnitine-L-tartrate, a non-essential amino acid, is hygroscopic. This causes a problem in tablet production due to pronounced adhesion of tablets to punches. A 33 full factorial design was adopted to suggest a tablet formulation. Three adsorbents were suggested (Aerosil 200, Aerosil R972, talc) to reduce stickiness at three concentrations (1, 3 and 5 %), and three fillers (mannitol, Avicel PH 101, Dibasic calcium phosphate) were chosen to prepare 27 formulations. Micromeritic properties of formulations were studied, and tablets were prepared by wet granulation. Absence of picking, sticking or capping, recording of sufficient hardness, acceptable friability and tablet ejection force indicated formulation success. The resulting formulation prepared using Avicel PH 101 and 1 % Aerosil 200 was submitted to further investigation in order to choose the most suitable compression conditions using a 33 full factorial design. Variables included compression force, tableting rate and magnesium stearate (lubricant) concentration. The formulation prepared at compression force of 25 kN, using 2 % magnesium stearate, at a production rate of 30 tablets/ minute, was found to be the most appropriate scale up candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa A. Badawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Hegazy
- Research & Development Department, Mepaco-Medifood Company, El Sharkia , Egypt
| | - Dina Louis
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo , Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Heliopolis , Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Eldegwy
- Research & Development Department, Mepaco-Medifood Company, El Sharkia , Egypt
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TEMPO-oxidized Konjac glucomannan as appliance for the preparation of hard capsules. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 143:262-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Slavkova M, Breitkreutz J. Orodispersible drug formulations for children and elderly. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 75:2-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Moosa RM, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Kumar P, Tomar LK, Tyagi C, Carmichael TR, Pillay V. In vitropharmaceutical characterization and statistical optimization of a novel topically applied instantly-soluble solid eye drop matrix. Pharm Dev Technol 2014; 20:854-862. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.930488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Shamma R, Elkasabgy N. Design of freeze-dried Soluplus/polyvinyl alcohol-based film for the oral delivery of an insoluble drug for the pediatric use. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:489-99. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.921944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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13
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Moosa RM, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Kumar P, Carmichael T, Tomar LK, Tyagi C, Pillay V. A review of topically administered mini-tablets for drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 66:490-506. [PMID: 24635554 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The human eye is a unique and intricate structure which has made drug delivery to the eye a formidable undertaking. Anterior-segment eye diseases are ubiquitous, especially among elderly patients, and conventional eye drops, although a first-choice dosage form, are not always an efficient treatment option. The development of novel drug delivery systems for improved treatment is therefore imperative. KEY FINDINGS In an attempt to circumvent the obstacles presented by the structure of the eye, advanced systems such as ocular mini-tablets have been developed. In this review, a concerted effort has been made to provide a detailed overview of topically administered ocular mini-tablets and other solid devices for drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye. These mini-tablets have been shown in vitro and in vivo to have significant advantages in comparison with liquid preparations. This is a step toward attaining better patient convenience and compliance, which are critical factors. SUMMARY Solid ophthalmic dosage forms have several advantages that can contribute to assisting with patient compliance and, ultimately, effective disease treatment. In addition to the challenges associated with topical ocular drug delivery, the shortcomings of conventional eye drops, advantages of mini-tablets, and improvements to date to these systems are discussed. The requirement for further advancements in the ocular field is also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeesa M Moosa
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Xiao L, Yi T, Liu Y. A new self-microemulsifying mouth dissolving film to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:1284-90. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.723716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Satheesh Madhav NV, Semwal R, Semwal DK, Semwal RB. Recent trends in oral transmucosal drug delivery systems: an emphasis on the soft palatal route. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:629-47. [PMID: 22512535 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.679260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The oral mucosa is an appropriate route for drug delivery systems, as it evades first-pass metabolism, enhances drug bioavailability and provides the means for rapid drug transport to the systematic circulation. This delivery system offers a more comfortable and convenient delivery route compared with the intravenous route. Although numerous drugs have been evaluated for oral mucosal delivery, few of them are available commercially. This is due to limitations such as the high costs associated with developing such drug delivery systems. AREAS COVERED The present review covers recent developments and applications of oral transmucosal drug delivery systems. More specifically, the review focuses on the suitability of the oral soft palatal site as a new route for drug delivery systems. EXPERT OPINION The novelistic oral soft palatal platform is a promising mucoadhesive site for delivering active pharmaceuticals, both systemically and locally, and it can also serve as a smart route for the targeting of drugs to the brain.
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Ahmed IS, Shamma RN, Shoukri RA. Development and optimization of lyophilized orally disintegrating tablets using factorial design. Pharm Dev Technol 2011; 18:935-43. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2011.619543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Mahmoud AA, Salah S. Fast relief from migraine attacks using fast-disintegrating sublingual zolmitriptan tablets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:762-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.625949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Abed KK, Hussein AA, Ghareeb MM, Abdulrasool AA. Formulation and optimization of orodispersible tablets of diazepam. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:356-61. [PMID: 20232267 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diazepam is one of the most prescribed benzodiazepines. The purpose of the present research was to optimize the formulation of orodispersible tablets of diazepam. Orodispersible tablets of diazepam were prepared using different types of superdisintegrants (Ac-Di-Sol, sodium starch glycolate, and crospovidone (CP)) and different types of subliming agents (camphor and ammonium bicarbonate (AB)) at different concentrations and two methods of tablets preparations (wet granulation and direct compression methods). The formulations were evaluated for flow properties, wetting time, hardness, friability, content uniformity, in vivo disintegration time (DT), release profiles, and buccal absorption tests. All formulations showed satisfactory mechanical strength except formula F5 which contains camphor and formula F9 which is prepared by direct compression method. The results revealed that the tablets containing CP as a superdisintegrant have good dissolution profile with shortest DT. The optimized formula F7 is prepared using 10% CP as a superdisintegrant and 20% AB as a subliming agent by wet granulation method which shows the shortest DT and good dissolution profile with acceptable stability. This study helps in revealing the effect of formulation processing variables on tablet properties. It can be concluded that the orodispersible tablets of diazepam with better biopharmaceutical properties than conventional tablets could be obtained using formula F7.
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Stavinskaya ON, Laguta IV. The properties of silica-gelatin composites. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024410060270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Reddy D, Pillay V, Choonara YE, du Toit LC. Rapidly disintegrating oramucosal drug delivery technologies. Pharm Dev Technol 2009; 14:588-601. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450902838700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Madhav NS, Shakya AK, Shakya P, Singh K. Orotransmucosal drug delivery systems: A review. J Control Release 2009; 140:2-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dixit RP, Puthli SP. Oral strip technology: Overview and future potential. J Control Release 2009; 139:94-107. [PMID: 19559740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R P Dixit
- Drug Delivery Division, Panacea Biotec Ltd., Samarpan complex, Chakala, Andheri (East), Mumbai-400 099, Maharashtra, India
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Garsuch V, Breitkreutz J. Novel analytical methods for the characterization of oral wafers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 73:195-201. [PMID: 19482082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at compensating the lack of adequate methods for the characterization of the novel dosage forms buccal wafers by applying recent advanced analytical techniques. Fast-dissolving oral wafers need special methods for assessing their properties in drug development and quality control. For morphologic investigations, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and near-infrared chemical imaging (NIR-CI) were used. Differences in the distribution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient within wafers can be depicted by NIR-CI. Film thickness was determined by micrometer screw and coating thickness gauge revealing no significant differences between the obtained values. To distinguish between the mechanical properties of different polymers, tensile test was performed. Suitable methods to predict disintegration behaviour are thermomechanical analysis and contact angle measurement. The determination of drug release was carried out by three different methods. Fibre-optic sensor systems allow an online measurement of the drug release profiles and the thorough analysis even within the first seconds of disintegration and drug dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Garsuch
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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The role of formulation excipients in the development of lyophilised fast-disintegrating tablets. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 72:119-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Scholz OA, Wolff A, Schumacher A, Giannola LI, Campisi G, Ciach T, Velten T. Drug delivery from the oral cavity: focus on a novel mechatronic delivery device. Drug Discov Today 2007; 13:247-53. [PMID: 18342801 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2007.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Revised: 10/21/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dental drug delivery systems have been used for a long time, in particular for the local therapy of diseases affecting the oral cavity. Research today concentrates on the design of formulations to increase their retention time. Even today, however, prosthetic devices incorporating drug delivery are rarely used. Mainly, they are focused on prophylaxis and the release of antibacterial agents. However, as buccal delivery, because of its undeniable advantages, has become popular for systemic drug delivery, and prolonged well-controlled release has been identified as beneficial, especially for chronic diseases, a new class of delivery systems is evolving: highly miniaturized computerized delivery systems, integrated into a dental appliance. Dental delivery systems today are used in two ways: the main application is the local treatment of diseases affecting the oral cavity itself like periodontitis or fungal infections. The second is for systemic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver A Scholz
- Fraunhofer-Institut Biomedizinische Technik, St. Ingbert, Germany.
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