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Ouyang J, Dedroog S, Van den Mooter G. New insights on the effects of blend composition on the biodegradation and permeability of Inulin-Eudragit RS film coatings for colon drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023:S0939-6411(23)00143-1. [PMID: 37270158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Inulin has been applied in Inulin-Eudragit RS (Inu-ERS) coatings as the component responsible for degradation by human microbiota. However, studies on how bacterial enzymes can degrade polysaccharides like inulin imbedded in water insoluble polymers like Eudragit RS are still elusive. The present work aims at elucidating the complex process of enzyme triggered biodegradation of inulin with various molecular weights in isolated films with Eudragit RS. The ratio of inulin to Eudragit RS was varied to create films with different degree of hydrophilicity. The phase behavior study revealed that blends of inulin and Eudragit RS are phase separated systems. The film permeability was studied by determination of the permeability coefficient of caffeine and the fraction of inulin that was released from the films in a buffer solution with or without inulinase was quantified. Together with the morphology characterization of the Inu-ERS films with and without incubation in the enzyme solution, these results suggest that the action of the enzyme was only limited to the fraction of inulin released in the buffer solution. Inulin fully embedded in the Eudragit RS matrix was not degraded. The permeation of the model drug caffeine occurred in the phase-separated film as a result of pores formed as a consequence of inulin release. The inulin to Eudragit RS blend ratio and the molecular weight of inulin affected the percolation threshold, the release of inulin, the morphology of the film formed thereafter and the connectivity of the formed water channels, thus influencing the drug permeation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabi Ouyang
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Campus Gasthuisberg ON2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sien Dedroog
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Campus Gasthuisberg ON2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Campus Gasthuisberg ON2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Wani TU, Fazli AA, Raza SN, Khan NA, Sheikh FA. Formulation and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Ethyl Cellulose/HPMC-Based Oral Expandable Sustained Release Dosage of Losartan Potassium. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:160. [PMID: 35676602 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged retention of losartan potassium in the upper gastrointestinal tract is anticipated to increase its absorption and exposure to CYP450 enzyme subfamilies, undertaking its conversion to more potent (10-40 times) active metabolite, losartan carboxylic acid (LCA). Consistent with this, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M/ethyl cellulose-based novel expandable films (EFs) containing losartan potassium (LP) suitable for prolonged retention in the stomach were developed. The films were prepared by solvent casting method. USP type II dissolution apparatus (0.1 N HCl, 37°C, 100 rpm) was used to perform the dissolution testing (drug release, unfolding behavior, film integrity, erosion, and water uptake) of the films. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies were carried out in rabbits. An HPLC-UV method was used for the quantification of the drug and its active metabolite in plasma. These folded films placed inside hard gelatin capsule shells unfolded to full dimensions in dissolution medium and provided sustained drug release throughout 12 h. The plasma drug concentration-time curves obtained from the in vivo studies were used to determine pharmacokinetic parameters, such as area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC), area under first moment curve (AUMC), mean residence time (MRT), Cmax, Tmax, t1/2, ke, and Fr in comparison with that of the market formulation, Cozaar®. The novel EFs significantly changed the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug and its active metabolite. The apparent elimination rate constant (ke) significantly decreased, while MRT and elimination half-life (t1/2) increased in both cases. The relative bioavailabilities (Fr) of both LP and E3174 using the novel formulation were higher than that of Cozaar®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Umair Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Kashmir, 190006, India.,Department of Nanotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Abdul Aala Fazli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Syed Naiem Raza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Nisar Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Kashmir, 190006, India.
| | - Faheem A Sheikh
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Kashmir, 190006, India.
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3
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Everaerts M, Cools L, Adriaensens P, Reekmans G, Baatsen P, Van den Mooter G. Investigating the Potential of Ethyl Cellulose and a Porosity-Increasing Agent as a Carrier System for the Formulation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2712-2724. [PMID: 35476407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, an insoluble polymer, i.e., ethyl cellulose (EC), was combined with the water-soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a carrier system for the formulation of amorphous solid dispersions. The rationale was that by conjoining these two different types of carriers a more gradual drug release could be created with less risk for precipitation. Our initial hypothesis was that upon contact with the dissolution medium, PVP would be released, creating a porous EC matrix through which the model drug indomethacin could diffuse. On the basis of observations of EC as a coating material, the effect of the molecular weight of PVP, and the ratio of EC/PVP on the miscibility of the polymer blend, the solid state of the solid dispersion and the drug release from these solid dispersions were investigated. X-ray powder diffraction, modulated differential scanning calorimetry, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance were used to unravel the miscibility and solid-state properties of these blends and solid dispersions. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance appeared to be a crucial technique for this aspect as modulated differential scanning calorimetry was not sufficient to grasp the complex phase behavior of these systems. Both EC/PVP K12 and EC/PVP K25 blends were miscible over the entire composition range, and addition of indomethacin did not alter this. Concerning the drug release, it was initially thought that more PVP would lead to faster drug release with a higher probability that all of the drug molecules would be able to diffuse out of the EC network as more pores would be created. However, this view on the release mechanism appeared to be too simplistic as an optimum was observed for both blends. On the basis of this work, it could be concluded that drug release from this complex ternary system was affected not only by the ratio of EC/PVP and the molecular weight of PVP but also by interactions between the three components, the wettability of the formulations, and the viscosity layer that was created around the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Everaerts
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg ON2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lennert Cools
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg ON2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research, Campus Diepenbeek Agoralaan 1-Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Gunter Reekmans
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research, Campus Diepenbeek Agoralaan 1-Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Pieter Baatsen
- Electron Microscopy Platform & Bio Imaging Core, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg ON4, Herestraat 49 b602, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg ON2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Mwila C, Walker RB. Improved Stability of Rifampicin in the Presence of Gastric-Resistant Isoniazid Microspheres in Acidic Media. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030234. [PMID: 32151053 PMCID: PMC7150845 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation of rifampicin (RIF) in an acidic medium to form 3-formyl rifamycin SV, a poorly absorbed compound, is accelerated in the presence of isoniazid, contributing to the poor bioavailability of rifampicin. This manuscript presents a novel approach in which isoniazid is formulated into gastric-resistant sustained-release microspheres and RIF into microporous floating sustained-release microspheres to reduce the potential for interaction between RIF and isoniazid (INH) in an acidic environment. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate and Eudragit® L100 polymers were used for the manufacture of isoniazid-loaded gastric-resistant sustained-release microspheres using an o/o solvent emulsification evaporation approach. Microporous floating sustained-release microspheres for the delivery of rifampicin in the stomach were manufactured using emulsification and a diffusion/evaporation process. The design of experiments was used to evaluate the impact of input variables on predefined responses or quality attributes of the microspheres. The percent degradation of rifampicin following 12 h dissolution testing in 0.1 M HCl pH 1.2 in the presence of isoniazid gastric-resistant sustained-release microspheres was only 4.44%. These results indicate that the degradation of rifampicin in the presence of isoniazid in acidic media can be reduced by encapsulation of both active pharmaceutical ingredients to ensure release in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract, potentially improving the bioavailability of rifampicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiluba Mwila
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Roderick B. Walker
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
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Benzine Y, Siepmann F, Neut C, Danede F, Willart J, Siepmann J, Karrout Y. Hot melt extruded polysaccharide blends for controlled drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Abu Fara D, Dadou SM, Rashid I, Al-Obeidi R, Antonijevic MD, Chowdhry BZ, Badwan A. A Direct Compression Matrix Made from Xanthan Gum and Low Molecular Weight Chitosan Designed to Improve Compressibility in Controlled Release Tablets. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E603. [PMID: 31726799 PMCID: PMC6921021 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The subject of our research is the optimization of direct compression (DC), controlled release drug matrices comprising chitosan/xanthan gum. The foregoing is considered from two main perspectives; the use of low molecular weight chitosan (LCS) with xanthan gum (XG) and the determination of important attributes for direct compression of the mixtures of the two polymers. Powder flow, deformation behaviour, and work of compression parameters were used to characterize powder and tableting properties. Compression pressure and LCS content within the matrix were investigated for their influence on the crushing strength of the tablets produced. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to determine the optimum parameters required for DC of the matrices investigated. Results confirm the positive contribution of LCS in enhancing powder compressibility and crushing strength of the resultant compacts. Compactibility of the XG/LCS mixtures was found to be more sensitive to applied compression pressure than LCS content. LCS can be added at concentrations as low as 15% w/w to achieve hard compacts, as indicated by the RSM results. The introduction of the plasticity factor, using LCS, to the fragmenting material XG was the main reason for the high volume reduction and reduced porosity of the polymer mixture. Combinations of XG with other commonly utilized polymers in controlled release studies such as glucosamine, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), Na alginate (ALG), guar gum, lactose and high molecular weight (HMW) chitosan were also used; all the foregoing polymers failed to reduce the matrix porosity beyond a certain compression pressure. Application of the LCS/XG mixture, at its optimum composition, for the controlled release of two model drugs (metoprolol succinate and dyphylline) was examined. The XG/LCS matrix at 15% w/w LCS content was found to control the release of metoprolol succinate and dyphylline. The former preparation confirmed the strong influence of compression pressure on changing the drug release profile. The latter preparation showed the ability of XG/LCS to extend the drug release at a fixed rate for 12 h of dissolution time after which the release became slightly slower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeb Abu Fara
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Suha M. Dadou
- Department of Science, Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.M.D.); (M.D.A.); (B.Z.C.)
| | - Iyad Rashid
- Research and Innovation Centre, The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (JPM), P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan; (I.R.); (R.A.-O.); (A.B.)
| | - Riman Al-Obeidi
- Research and Innovation Centre, The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (JPM), P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan; (I.R.); (R.A.-O.); (A.B.)
| | - Milan D. Antonijevic
- Department of Science, Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.M.D.); (M.D.A.); (B.Z.C.)
| | - Babur Z. Chowdhry
- Department of Science, Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.M.D.); (M.D.A.); (B.Z.C.)
| | - Adnan Badwan
- Research and Innovation Centre, The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (JPM), P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan; (I.R.); (R.A.-O.); (A.B.)
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7
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Matta E, Tavera-Quiroz MJ, Bertola N. Active edible films of methylcellulose with extracts of green apple (Granny Smith) skin. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 124:1292-1298. [PMID: 30557640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim a present study was developed methylcellulose (MC) active edible films with extracts of green apple skin, as model systems of edible coating. Active edible films were developed by incorporation of ethanolic extract of freeze-dried apple skin (EEFD) and aqueous extract of apple skin (AES) at 10, 20 and 25% (v/v) concentrations. Analysis of thermal, mechanical and functional properties was carried out. Results showed that incorporation of green apple skin extracts into MC films contribute to total phenolic content and antioxidant properties. Addition of green apple skin extracts generated shifts toward lower glass transition temperature values regarding MC films without extracts. A lower tensile strength and increased elongation at break in MC-AES films were observed. Mechanical properties of MC-EEFD films were less affected by the increase in extract concentration due to absence of the plasticizing effect of sugars present in AES. The methylcellulose films are important for actives edibles coatings with applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Matta
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA)-CONICET, CIC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas - UNLP, 47 y 116, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - María José Tavera-Quiroz
- Desarrollo e Innovación de Procesos Alimentarios (DESINPA), Facultad de Ingeniería, Departamento de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad de Sucre, Carrera 28 No 5-267 Barrio Puerta Roja, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia
| | - Nora Bertola
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA)-CONICET, CIC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas - UNLP, 47 y 116, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
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Khattab A, Shalaby S. Optimized Ciclopirox-Based Eudragit RLPO Nail Lacquer: Effect of Endopeptidase Enzyme as Permeation Enhancer on Transungual Drug Delivery and Efficiency Against Onychomycosis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1048-1060. [PMID: 29138987 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of our investigation were to develop and optimize ciclopirox (CPX) nail lacquer using nonbiodegradable Eudragit RLPO (E-RLPO) as a film former and to assess its penetration efficiency across the human nail plate. Preliminary trials such as hydration enhancement factor (HEF), a retained drug in the nail plate, and SEM were studied to select the optimized permeation enhancer to be incorporated in the optimized lacquer formulation. A 33 full factorial design was built up to study the effect of three different factors, concentration of E-RLPO (10, 20, and 30%), Tween 80 (0.25, 0.5, and 1%), and triacetin (0, 10, and 30% of polymer weight). The studied responses were the drying time, water resistance, viscosity, and drug release up to 4 h. An ex vivo permeation study for the optimized formulations was carried out. The preliminary study aided the selection of 5% papain (endopeptidase enzyme) as a penetration enhancer; it showed the highest HEF of 15.27%, the highest amount of drug retained in the nail plate (886.2 μg/g). An ex vivo permeation study guided the selection of F4B (flux value of 3.79 μg/cm2/h) as optimized formulation. The optimized lacquer formula showed threefold increases in the permeation than the marketed CPX lacquer (Batrafen®). Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed the higher intensity of the Rhodamine B dye across the nail plate in the case of the formula containing papain than the marketed formula without papain. Conclusively, an efficient and stable nail lacquer was developed for potential transungual delivery of CPX to target the drug to the nail bed and ensure efficiency against onychomycosis.
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Moore HA, Marucci M, Härdelin L, Hjärtstam J, Stading M, von Corswant C, Larsson A. New insights on the influence of manufacturing conditions and molecular weight on phase-separated films intended for controlled release. Int J Pharm 2018; 536:261-271. [PMID: 29157964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate how manufacturing conditions influence phase-separated films of ethyl cellulose (EC) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) with different molecular weights of HPC. Two HPC grades, SSL and M, with weight average molecular weights (Mw) of 30×103g/mol and 365×103g/mol, respectively, were combined with EC 10 cps (70:30w/w EC/HPC) and spray-coated from ethanol solutions onto a rotating drum under well-controlled process conditions. Generally, a low spray rate resulted in a more rapid film drying process and, consequently, in smaller HPC-rich domains in the phase-separated film structure. For EC/HPC films with the low Mw HPC (SSL) the most rapid drying process resulted in a shift from a HPC-discontinuous to a partly bicontinuous structure and an increase in the permeability for water. In contrast, films containing the high Mw HPC (M) all showed bicontinuous structures, which resulted in overall higher water permeabilities and polymer release compared to the low Mw films. Interestingly, a maximum in permeability was observed for the high Mw films at intermediate spray rates. Below this spray rate the permeability decreased due to a lower amount of polymer released and at higher spray rates, the permeability decreased due to a loss of pore connectivity (or increased tortuosity). To conclude, this study shows that different Mw systems of EC/HPC can respond differently to variations in manufacturing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Andersson Moore
- SP Food and Bioscience, Structure and Material Design, PO BOX 5301, SE-402 29 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Material and Manufacturing Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellence Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mariagrazia Marucci
- SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellence Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Linda Härdelin
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Hjärtstam
- SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellence Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Mats Stading
- SP Food and Bioscience, Structure and Material Design, PO BOX 5301, SE-402 29 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Material and Manufacturing Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellence Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christian von Corswant
- SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellence Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anette Larsson
- SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellence Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Afrasiabi Garekani H, Sanadgol N, Dehghan Nayyeri N, Nokhodchi A, Sadeghi F. Peculiar effect of polyethylene glycol in comparison with triethyl citrate or diethyl phthalate on properties of ethyl cellulose microcapsules containing propranolol hydrochloride in process of emulsion-solvent evaporation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 44:421-431. [PMID: 29098888 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1395460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Plasticizers play a crucial role in various process of microencapsulation. In this study, the effect of incorporation of plasticizer in process of emulsion solvent evaporation was investigated on properties of ethyl cellulose (EC) microcapsules containing propranolol hydrochloride. The effect of plasticizer type and concentration were investigated on characteristics of microcapsules prepared from different viscosity grades of EC. Product yield, encapsulation efficiency, mean particle size, shape, surface characteristics, solid state of drug, and drug release profiles were evaluated. Product yield and encapsulation efficiency were not dependent on plasticizer type and concentration. However, encapsulation efficiency decreased with increase in EC viscosity grade in the most of the cases. The mean particle size was in the range of 724-797 μm and was not dependent on plasticizer type. Microcapsules formed in the presence of PEG had a very smooth surface with few pores. XRD and DSC studies revealed a reduction of drug crystallinity after microencapsulation especially in presence of PEG. The results showed that the presence of TEC and DEP with different concentrations had no marked effect on drug release from microcapsules containing different viscosity grades of EC. This was not the case when PEG was used, and despite its water solubility it reduced the drug release rate noticeably. The reduction in the drug release in the presence of PEG was concentration-dependent. The use of PEG as a plasticizer in process of emulsion solvent evaporation highly improved the EC microcapsule structure and retarded the drug release rate and therefore is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Afrasiabi Garekani
- a Pharmaceutical Research center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,b Department of Pharmaceutics, School of pharmacy , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Nasim Sanadgol
- b Department of Pharmaceutics, School of pharmacy , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Nafiseh Dehghan Nayyeri
- b Department of Pharmaceutics, School of pharmacy , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- c Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences , Arundel Building, University of Sussex , Brighton , UK.,d Applied Drug Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghi
- b Department of Pharmaceutics, School of pharmacy , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,e Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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Rajabi-Siahboomi AR, Mehta RY, Ambudkar V, Dias V, Tiwari S. Ethylcellulose Applications in Multiparticulate Systems. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7012-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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12
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Wang Y, Yang M, Shen R, Shao S, Chen L, Gong W, Shan L, Gao C. Development of metoprolol tartrate-loaded sustained-release pellets: effect of talc on the mechanism of drug release. Pharm Dev Technol 2016; 23:664-673. [PMID: 27470125 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2016.1212881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Talc is one of the most commonly used antiadherents in the coating film. However, the mechanism of influence of talc on drug release has yet to be fully understood. In this study, metoprolol tartrate (MT)-loaded Eudragit NE 30 D-coated sustained-release (SR) pellets were prepared using talc as an antiadherent in the layering and coating processes. Talc significantly reduced the stickiness of the layered or coated substrates, thus enhancing the process smoothness. Moreover, the incorporation of talc into the coating film significantly affected drug release. The water vapor permeability and drug permeability of free films increased as the concentration of talc increased. Importantly, talc had a dynamic effect on the drug release. The drug release rate of the pellets in the initial stage (within 2 h) increased with increasing talc concentrations, which exceeded the critical pigment volume concentration resulted in leaks formation in the coated film. However, subsequent swelling of the membrane and expansion of the copolymer network eliminated the influence of talc and the drug release was then controlled by the polymeric membrane. These results suggest that talc contributed to the reduction of the sticking of layered or coated substrates, and facilitated the manufacturing process and drug release properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Meiyan Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Ruifang Shen
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China.,b Pharmaceutical College, Henan University , Kaifeng , China
| | - Shuai Shao
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Lu Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Gong
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Li Shan
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Chunsheng Gao
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
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Akhgari A, Tavakol A. Prediction of Optimum Combination of Eudragit RS/Eudragit RL/Ethyl Cellulose Polymeric Free Films Based on Experimental Design for Using as a Coating System for Sustained Release Theophylline Pellets. Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 6:219-25. [PMID: 27478784 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2016.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The physicochemical properties of free films made from different mixtures of sustained release polymers were investigated, and an optimum formulation coating on drug containing pellets, based on the study of free film was evaluated. METHODS In order to determine the effect of different variables on the permeability and swelling of films and procedure optimization, the experimental design was fulfilled based on the statistical method of a 3(3) full factorial design, and according to this method 27 formulations were prepared. The films were prepared using casting-solvent evaporation method. Water vapor permeability, the swelling and permeability of free films in both acidic and buffer media, were carried out. Then, the pellets containing theophylline were coated with the optimum formulation. RESULTS The results of this study demonstrated that an increase in the free film thickness and Eurdragit RS ratio in films lowered the water vapor transmission (WVT), the swelling and the permeability of all formulations, while an increase in the quantity of ethylcellulose, up to a specific ratio (approximately 40%), decreased the permeability and swelling. The most optimum free film formulation was made up of 60% Eudragit RS and 40% ethylcellulose. CONCLUSION Pellets coated with a 10% coating level of ethylcellulose and Eudragit RS (4:6) showed suitable release properties and could serve as a favorable sustained release system for theophylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Akhgari
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Tavakol
- Nanotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Andersson H, Häbel H, Olsson A, Sandhagen S, von Corswant C, Hjärtstam J, Persson M, Stading M, Larsson A. The influence of the molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer on phase-separated films for controlled release. Int J Pharm 2016; 511:223-235. [PMID: 27349793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and ethyl cellulose (EC) can be used for extended release coatings, where the water-soluble HPC may act as a pore former. The aim was to investigate the effect of the molecular weight of HPC on the microstructure and mass transport in phase-separated freestanding EC/HPC films with 30% w/w HPC. Four different HPC grades were used, with weight averaged molecular weights (Mw) of 30.0 (SSL), 55.0 (SL), 83.5 (L) and 365 (M) kg/mol. Results showed that the phase-separated structure changed from HPC-discontinuous to bicontinuous with increasing Mw of HPC. The film with the lowest Mw HPC (SSL) had unconnected oval-shaped HPC-rich domains, leaked almost no HPC and had the lowest water permeability. The remaining higher Mw films had connected complex-shaped pores, which resulted in higher permeabilities. The highest Mw film (M) had the smallest pores and very slow HPC leakage, which led to a slow increase in permeability. Films with grade L and SL released most of their HPC, yet the permeability of the L film was three times higher due to greater pore connectivity. It was concluded that the phase-separated microstructure, the level of pore percolation and the leakage rate of HPC will be affected by the choice of HPC Mw grade used in the film and this will in turn have strong impact on the film permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Andersson
- SP Food and Bioscience, Structure and Material Design, PO BOX 5301, SE-402 29 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Material and Manufacturing Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellent Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Henrike Häbel
- SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellent Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Mathematical Statistics, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Olsson
- SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellent Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Physics, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofie Sandhagen
- SP Food and Bioscience, Structure and Material Design, PO BOX 5301, SE-402 29 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Michael Persson
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Akzo Nobel Pulp and Performance Chemicals AB, 445 80 Bohus, Sweden
| | - Mats Stading
- SP Food and Bioscience, Structure and Material Design, PO BOX 5301, SE-402 29 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Material and Manufacturing Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anette Larsson
- SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellent Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Schoener CA, Curtis-Fisk JL, Rogers TL, Tate MP. High throughput research and evaporation rate modeling for solvent screening for ethylcellulose barrier membranes in pharmaceutical applications. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 42:1700-7. [PMID: 27095283 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2016.1171330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ethylcellulose is commonly dissolved in a solvent or formed into an aqueous dispersion and sprayed onto various dosage forms to form a barrier membrane to provide controlled release in pharmaceutical formulations. Due to the variety of solvents utilized in the pharmaceutical industry and the importance solvent can play on film formation and film strength it is critical to understand how solvent can influence these parameters. OBJECTIVE To systematically study a variety of solvent blends and how these solvent blends influence ethylcellulose film formation, physical and mechanical film properties and solution properties such as clarity and viscosity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using high throughput capabilities and evaporation rate modeling, thirty-one different solvent blends composed of ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, methanol, and/or water were formulated, analyzed for viscosity and clarity, and narrowed down to four solvent blends. Brookfield viscosity, film casting, mechanical film testing and water permeation were also completed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION High throughput analysis identified isopropanol/water, ethanol, ethanol/water and methanol/acetone/water as solvent blends with unique clarity and viscosity values. Evaporation rate modeling further rank ordered these candidates from excellent to poor interaction with ethylcellulose. Isopropanol/water was identified as the most suitable solvent blend for ethylcellulose due to azeotrope formation during evaporation, which resulted in a solvent-rich phase allowing the ethylcellulose polymer chains to remain maximally extended during film formation. Consequently, the highest clarity and most ductile films were formed. CONCLUSION Employing high throughput capabilities paired with evaporation rate modeling allowed strong predictions between solvent interaction with ethylcellulose and mechanical film properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Schoener
- a Dow Pharma and Food Solutions, The Dow Chemical Company , Midland , MI , USA
| | | | - True L Rogers
- a Dow Pharma and Food Solutions, The Dow Chemical Company , Midland , MI , USA
| | - Michael P Tate
- b Formulation Sciences, The Dow Chemical Company , Midland , MI , USA
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16
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Exploring the drug migration process through ethyl cellulose-based films from infrared-spectral insights. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 93:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Tan X, Hu J. Investigation for the quality factors on the tablets containing medicated pellets. Saudi Pharm J 2015; 24:507-514. [PMID: 27752222 PMCID: PMC5059825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained and controlled pellets are considered as one of the ideal dosage forms. Due to the large coverage area of pellets, loaded drugs can be absorbed completely in the body and bioavailability is improved correspondingly. Coated pellets-containing tablet is a special oral formulation consisting of various pellets with different release rate. Desired rate of drug release rate can be achieved by adjusting the proportion of pellets. However, this formulation faces strict requirements in the process of preparation. Several factors will influence release behavior of tablets, including pellet cores, coating, and tabletting. Therefore, these factors will be investigated sufficiently in this review to provide valuable information for manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Tan
- Department of Medicine, Yuyao People's Hospital, Yuyao 315400, China
| | - Jingbo Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Effects of molecular weight on permeability and microstructure of mixed ethyl-hydroxypropyl-cellulose films. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 48:240-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Pichayakorn W, Suksaeree J, Boonme P, Taweepreda W, Ritthidej GC. Preparation of Deproteinized Natural Rubber Latex and Properties of Films Formed by Itself and Several Adhesive Polymer Blends. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie301985y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Garnpimol C. Ritthidej
- Department of Pharmaceutics and
Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Liu R, Li N, Liu N, Zhou X, Dong ZM, Wen XJ, Liu LC. Effects of systemic ornidazole, systemic and local compound ornidazole and pefloxacin mesylate on experimental periodontitis in rats. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:BR95-102. [PMID: 22367122 PMCID: PMC3560749 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the effects of systemic ornidazole (SO) and systemic and local compound ornidazole and pefloxacin mesylate (SCOPM/LCOMP) on the inflammatory response associated with rat experimental chronic periodontitis (ECP) in sites with subgingival debridement. Material/Methods Periodontitis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by placing a thin steel ligature around the upper first molars and inoculating them with Porphyromonas gingivalis 381. After the successful induction of the rat ECP, the periodontitis rats were randomly divided into 3 different combined treatment groups: (A) SO with scaling and root planing (SRP); (B) SCOMP with SRP; and (C) LCOMP with SRP. After 2 weeks the effects of the treatments were evaluated based on gingivitis, plaque index, probing pocket depth, aspartate aminotransferase, alveolar bone loss, and hematoxylin-eosin staining of the region around the first molars. Results After treatment, comparison with ECP was performed. The mean percentage reductions of SBI in SO, SCOPM, and LCOPM were 27.73%, 33.61%, and 58.82%, respectively. Those of PI were 33.20%, 42.80%, and 60.00%; those of PPD were 48.66%, 55.70%, and 72.48%; those of GCF-AST were 41.64%, 49.03%, and 66.42%; and those of ABL were 41.19%, 43.63%, and 54.47%, respectively. The inflammatory score of H&E showed median scores of 2.5, 1.75, 1.63, and 0.95 for ECP, SO, SCOMP, and LCOMP, respectively. All 3 treatment groups exhibited significantly reduced inflammation indicators (P<0.05). Of the 3, group C was the most effective (P<0.05). Conclusions Although all the combined treatment groups responded to therapy with significant resolution of the infection, adjunctive LCOMP therapy is more effective for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, 3rd Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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21
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Tavera-Quiroz MJ, Urriza M, Pinotti A, Bertola N. Plasticized methylcellulose coating for reducing oil uptake in potato chips. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:1346-1353. [PMID: 22102087 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of consumers' health concerns and the trend towards healthier and low-fat food products, research has been undertaken to reduce the amount of fat absorbed in fried foods. This work focused on studying the efficacy of sorbitol and glycerol as plasticizers of methylcellulose coatings used to reduce oil uptake during the frying process of potato chips RESULTS Changes in color, mechanical properties, water activity and lipid oxidation during storage were monitored. Also, an explanation regarding the different performances between both methylcellulose coatings with and without plasticizer was attained and techniques from the field of packaging films such as dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were applied to analyze the behavior of coatings submitted to the frying operation. The application of a methylcellulose coating was an adequate choice to reduce oil absorption in fried potato chips. The most effective formulation was 10 g L(-1) methylcellulose with the addition of 7.5 g L(-1) sorbitol. With the incorporation of this formulation, oil absorption was reduced by 30%. Neither the sorbitol concentration nor the presence of the MC coating affected the puncture maximum force and color parameters L and a*. The results of the sensory analysis indicated that the panelists could not distinguish between the coated and uncoated potato chips. CONCLUSION Methylcellulose-based coating plasticized with sorbitol could be an alternative for obtaining healthier potato chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Tavera-Quiroz
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), CONICET La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, La Plata, Argentina
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22
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Sengel-Turk CT, Hascicek C, Gonul N. Ethylcellulose-based matrix-type microspheres: influence of plasticizer RATIO as pore-forming agent. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:1127-35. [PMID: 21887603 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, ethylcellulose (EC)-based microsphere formulations were prepared without and with triethyl citrate (TEC) content of 10% and 30% by water-in-oil emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. Diltiazem hydrochloride (DH) was chosen as a hydrophilic model drug and used at different drug/polymer ratios in the microspheres. The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of plasticizer ratio on the drug release rate and physicochemical characteristics of EC-based matrix-type microspheres. The resulting microspheres were evaluated for encapsulation efficiency, particle size and size distribution, surface morphology, total pore volume, thermal characteristics, drug release rates, and release mechanism. Results indicated that the physicochemical properties of microspheres were strongly affected by the drug/polymer ratio investigated and the concentration of TEC used in the production technique. The surface morphology and pore volume of microspheres significantly varied based on the plasticizer content in the formulation. DH release rate from EC-based matrix-type microspheres can be controlled by varying the DH to polymer and plasticizer ratios. Glass transition temperature values tended to decrease in conjunction with increasing amounts of TEC. Consequently, the various characteristics of the EC microspheres could be modified based on the plasticized ratio of TEC.
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23
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Dynamic and static curing of ethylcellulose:PVA–PEG graft copolymer film coatings. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 78:455-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hamedelniel EI, Bajdik J, Sovány T, Pintye-Hódi K. Delayed release matrix pellet preparation containing an alkalizing pore-former agent. Chem Eng Res Des 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cuppok Y, Muschert S, Marucci M, Hjaertstam J, Siepmann F, Axelsson A, Siepmann J. Drug release mechanisms from Kollicoat SR:Eudragit NE coated pellets. Int J Pharm 2011; 409:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hamedelniel E, Bajdik J, Sovány T, Kása P, Pintye-Hódi K. Effects of the wetting liquid and ethylcellulose on the properties of atenolol-containing pellets. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(11)50022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Meng X, Yang D, Mitra S. Simultaneous synthesis, stabilization, and self-assembly of microscale drug particles in polymer films. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hamedelniel EI, Bajdik J, Kása P, Pintye-Hódi K. Study of the influence of alkalizing components on matrix pellets prepared by extrusion/spheronization. Pharm Dev Technol 2010; 17:204-11. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2010.531734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Pandit AP, Shinde RD. Development and in vitro evaluation of sustained release multiparticulate tablet of freely water soluble drug. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502010000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blends of aqueous dispersion of a hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer, namely Surelease®: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Surelease®: HPMC E15) were used as coating materials to control the drug release from coated pellets of the highly water soluble drug metoprolol succinate. Varying the polymer blends, ranges of drug release patterns were obtained at pH 6.8. The present study dealt with diffusion of drug through plasticized Surelease®/ hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC E15) films prepared by coating of drug and polymers onto non-pareil seeds using the solution layering technique. The release of metoprolol succinate from coated pellets was decreased with increased coating load of polymer. The optimized formulation was obtained by 3² full factorial design. The release profile revealed that the optimized formulation follows zero order release kinetics. The stability data showed no interaction for storage at 25ºC and 60% relative humidity.
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Baloğlu E, Şenyiğit T. A design and evaluation of layered matrix tablet formulations of metoprolol tartrate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:563-73. [PMID: 20352535 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to evaluate the performance of different swellable polymers in the form of layered matrix tablets to provide controlled therapeutic effect of metoprolol tartrate for twice daily administration. Seven different swellable polymers (carrageenan, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, pectin, guar gum, xanthan gum, chitosan, and ethyl cellulose) were evaluated alone or in combination as release-retardant layer. Tablets were tested for weight variation, hardness, diameter/thickness ratio, friability, and drug content uniformity and subjected to in vitro drug-release studies. In addition, the target-release profile of metoprolol tartrate was plotted using its clinical pharmacokinetic data, and the release profiles of the tablets were evaluated in relation to the plotted target release profile. Carrageenan was determined as the best polymer in two-layered matrix tablet formulations due to its better accordance to the target release profile and was selected for preparing three-layered matrix tablets. Carrageenan formulations exhibited super case II release mechanism. Accelerated stability testing was performed on two- and three-layered matrix tablet formulations of carrageenan. The tablets were stored at 25 degrees C/60% relative humidity and 40 degrees C/75% relative humidity for 6 months and examined for physical appearance, drug content, and release characteristics. At the end of the storage time, formulations showed no change either in physical appearance, drug content, or drug-release profile. These results demonstrated the suitability of three-layered tablet formulation of carrageenan to provide controlled release and improved linearity for metoprolol tartrate in comparison to two-layered tablet formulation.
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Li X, Guo H, Heinamaki J. Aqueous coating dispersion (pseudolatex) of zein improves formulation of sustained-release tablets containing very water-soluble drug. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 345:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 01/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Guiga W, Swesi Y, Galland S, Peyrol E, Degraeve P, Sebti I. Innovative multilayer antimicrobial films made with Nisaplin® or nisin and cellulosic ethers: Physico-chemical characterization, bioactivity and nisin desorption kinetics. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Menjoge AR, Navath RS, Asad A, Kannan S, Kim CJ, Romero R, Kannan RM. Transport and biodistribution of dendrimers across human fetal membranes: implications for intravaginal administration of dendrimer-drug conjugates. Biomaterials 2010; 31:5007-21. [PMID: 20346497 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are emerging as promising topical antimicrobial agents, and as targeted nanoscale drug delivery vehicles. Topical intravaginal antimicrobial agents are prescribed to treat the ascending genital infections in pregnant women. The fetal membranes separate the extra-amniotic space and fetus. The purpose of the study is to determine if the dendrimers can be selectively used for local intravaginal application to pregnant women without crossing the membranes into the fetus. In the present study, the transport and permeability of PAMAM (poly (amidoamine)) dendrimers, across human fetal membrane (using a side by side diffusion chamber), and its biodistribution (using immunofluorescence) are evaluated ex-vivo. Transport across human fetal membranes (from the maternal side) was evaluated using Fluorescein (FITC), an established transplacental marker (positive control, size approximately 400 Da) and fluorophore-tagged G(4)-PAMAM dendrimers (approximately 16 kDa). The fluorophore-tagged G(4)-PAMAM dendrimers were synthesized and characterized using (1)H NMR, MALDI TOF MS and HPLC analysis. Transfer was measured across the intact fetal membrane (chorioamnion), and the separated chorion and amnion layers. Over a 5 h period, the dendrimer transport across all the three membranes was less than <3%, whereas the transport of FITC was relatively fast with as much as 49% transport across the amnion. The permeability of FITC (7.9 x 10(-7) cm(2)/s) through the chorioamnion was 7-fold higher than that of the dendrimer (5.8 x 10(-8) cm(2)/s). The biodistribution showed that the dendrimers were largely present in interstitial spaces in the decidual stromal cells and the chorionic trophoblast cells (in 2.5-4 h) and surprisingly, to a smaller extent internalized in nuclei of trophoblast cells and nuclei and cytoplasm of stromal cells. Passive diffusion and paracellular transport appear to be the major route for dendrimer transport. The overall findings further suggest that entry of drugs conjugated to dendrimers would be restricted across the human fetal membranes when administered topically by intravaginal route, suggesting new ways of selectively delivering therapeutics to the mother without affecting the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupa R Menjoge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Coated formulations: New insights into the release mechanism and changes in the film properties with a novel release cell. J Control Release 2009; 136:206-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 02/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tasaki H, Yoshida T, Maeda A, Katsuma M, Sako K. Effects of physicochemical properties of salting-out layer components on drug release. Int J Pharm 2009; 376:13-21. [PMID: 19457626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A "Salting-out Taste-masking System" generates a long lag time for numbness and bitterness masking, with subsequent immediate drug release to exert pharmacological effects. In this study, the effects of physicochemical properties of salting-out agents and water-soluble polymers in the salting-out layer on the dissolution behaviors of acetaminophen were investigated and predominant factors for lag time generation (Lag time index, hereafter LI) and subsequent drug release (Rapid release index, hereafter RI) were discussed. Each prepared formulation showed a different dissolution profile of acetaminophen with a lag time and subsequent immediate release. Significant correlations between both LI and RI and DeltaCST (the salting-out power of salting-out agents) (r(2)=0.90, 0.67, respectively) and between both LI and RI and CST(1) (the sensitivity of water-soluble polymers to a salting-out effect) (r(2)=0.98, 0.71, respectively) were shown. These results suggest that the components showing a strong salting-out effect inside the beads lead to extended lag times and slow drug releases after the lag times. Results further suggest the use of CST(1) to evaluate suitable combinations of salting-out agents and water-soluble polymers in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tasaki
- Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc, Yaizu, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Improved long term stability of aqueous ethylcellulose film coatings: Importance of the type of drug and starter core. Int J Pharm 2009; 368:138-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hagesaether E, Hiorth M, Sande SA. Mucoadhesion and drug permeability of free mixed films of pectin and chitosan: An in vitro and ex vivo study. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 71:325-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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