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Andrews GP, Laverty T, Jones DS. Mucoadhesive Polymeric Polyologels Designed for the Treatment of Periodontal and Related Diseases of the Oral Cavity. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:589. [PMID: 38475273 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The study objective was to design and characterise herein unreported polyologels composed of a range of diol and triol solvents and polyvinyl methyl ether-co-maleic acid (PVM/MA) and, determine their potential suitability for the treatment of periodontal and related diseases in the oral cavity using suitable in vitro methodologies. Polyologel flow and viscoelastic properties were controlled by the choice of solvent and the concentration of polymer. At equivalent polymer concentrations, polyologels prepared with glycerol (a triol) exhibited the greatest elasticity and resistance to deformation. Within the diol solvents (PEG 400, pentane 1,5-diol, propane 1,2-diol, propane 1,3-diol, and ethylene glycol), PEG 400 polyologels possessed the greatest elasticity and resistance to deformation, suggesting the importance of distance of separation between the diol groups. Using Raman spectroscopy bond formation between the polymer carbonyl group and the diol hydroxyl groups was observed. Polyologel mucoadhesion was influenced by viscoelasticity; maximum mucoadhesion was shown by glycerol polyologels at the highest polymer concentration (20% w/w). Similarly, the choice of solvent and concentration of PVM/MA affected the release of tetracycline from the polyologels. The controlled release of tetracycline for at least 10 h was observed for several polyologels, which, in combination with their excellent mucoadhesion and flow properties, offer possibilities for the clinical use of these systems to treat diseases within the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin P Andrews
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Thomas Laverty
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - David S Jones
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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Mfoafo K, Omidi Y, Omidian H. Thermoresponsive mucoadhesive hybrid gels in advanced drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122799. [PMID: 36914019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive polymers have seen extensive use in the development of stimuli-responsive drug formulations for oral, buccal, nasal, ocular, topical, rectal, parenteral, and vaginal routes of administration. Despite their great potential, their use has been limited by various obstacles, such as undesirable high polymer concentration, wide gelation temperature, low gel strength, poor mucoadhesiveness, and short retention. Mucoadhesive polymers have been suggested to improve the mucoadhesive features of thermoresponsive gels, leading to increased drug bioavailability and efficacy. This article highlights the use of in-situ thermoresponsive mucoadhesive hydrogel blends or hybrids that have been developed and assessed in various routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwadwo Mfoafo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Hossein Omidian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
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Basu M, Hassan P. Influence of temperature and organic acid on self-assembly behavior of Pluronic F127. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Huang CH, Hu PY, Wu QY, Xia MY, Zhang WL, Lei ZQ, Li DX, Zhang GS, Feng JF. Preparation, in vitro and in vivo Evaluation of Thermosensitive in situ Gel Loaded with Ibuprofen-Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Rectal Delivery. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1407-1431. [PMID: 35586185 PMCID: PMC9109935 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s350886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ibuprofen (IBU), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, shows poor gastrointestinal absorption due to its low solubility, which limits its clinical application. Objective In the present study, we aimed to develop thermosensitive gel-mediated ibuprofen-solid lipid nanoparticles (IBU-SLN-ISG) to improve the dissolution and bioavailability of IBU after rectal delivery. Methods IBU-loaded SLNs (IBU-SLNs) were developed and optimized applying Box-Behnken design. The optimized IBU-SLNs were characterized by physicochemical parameters and morphology. Then, the optimized IBU-SLNs was incorporated into the gel and characterized for gel properties and rheology and investigated its release in vitro, pharmacokinetics in vivo, rectal irritation and rectal retention time. Results The optimized SLNs had an EE of 90.74 ± 1.40%, DL of 11.36 ± 1.20%, MPS of 166.77 ± 2.26 nm, PDI of 0.27 ± 0.08, and ZP of −21.00 ± 0.59 mV. The FTIR spectra confirmed successful encapsulation of the drug inside the nanoparticle as only peaks responsible for the lipid could be identified. This corroborated well with XRD spectra, which showed a completely amorphous state of the IBU-SLNs as compared to the crystalline nature of the pure drug. The gelation temperature of the prepared IBU-SLN-ISG was 33.30 ± 0.78°C, the gelation time was 14.67 ± 2.52 s, the gel strength was 54.00 ± 1.41 s, and the mucoadhesion was (11.54±0.37) × 102dyne/cm2. The in vitro results of IBU-SLNs and IBU-SLN-ISG showed a biphasic release pattern with initial burst release followed by sustained release. More importantly, IBU-SLN-ISG produced much better absorption of IBU and improved bioavailability in rats. In addition, IBU-SLN-ISG caused no irritation or damage to rectal tissues, and could be retained in the rectum for a long time. Conclusion Thermosensitive in situ gel loaded with IBU-solid lipid nanoparticles might be further developed as a more convenient and effective rectal dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-hui Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Solid Preparation Manufacturing Technology, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng-yi Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Solid Preparation Manufacturing Technology, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu-yan Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Solid Preparation Manufacturing Technology, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-yan Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Solid Preparation Manufacturing Technology, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-liu Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-qiang Lei
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-xun Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-song Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Solid Preparation Manufacturing Technology, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guo-song Zhang, National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Solid Preparation Manufacturing Technology, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Jian-fang Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Solid Preparation Manufacturing Technology, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Jian-fang Feng, School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Mucoadhesive Poloxamer-Based Hydrogels for the Release of HP-β-CD-Complexed Dexamethasone in the Treatment of Buccal Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010117. [PMID: 33477667 PMCID: PMC7831945 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an ongoing and chronic inflammatory disease affecting the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Currently, the treatment of choice consists in the direct application into the buccal cavity of semisolid formulations containing a corticosteroid molecule to decrease inflammatory signs and symptoms. However, this administration route has shown various disadvantages limiting its clinical use and efficacy. Indeed, the frequency of application and the incorrect use of the preparation may lead to a poor efficacy and limit the treatment compliance. Furthermore, the saliva clearance and the mechanical stress present in the buccal cavity also involve a decrease in the mucosal exposure to the drug. In this context, the design of a new pharmaceutical formulation, containing a steroidal anti-inflammatory, mucoadhesive, sprayable and exhibiting a sustained and controlled release seems to be suitable to overcome the main limitations of the existing pharmaceutical dosage forms. The present work reports the formulation, optimization and evaluation of the mucoadhesive and release properties of a poloxamer 407 thermosensitive hydrogel containing a poorly water-soluble corticosteroid, dexamethasone acetate (DMA), threaded into hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) molecules. Firstly, physicochemical properties were assessed to ensure suitable complexation of DMA into HP-β-CD cavities. Then, rheological properties, in the presence and absence of various mucoadhesive agents, were determined and optimized. The hydration ratio (0.218-0.191), the poloxamer 407 (15-17 wt%) percentage and liquid-cyclodextrin state were optimized as a function of the gelation transition temperature, viscoelastic behavior and dynamic flow viscosity. Deformation and resistance properties were evaluated in the presence of various mucoadhesive compounds, being the sodium alginate and xanthan gum the most suitable to improve adhesion and mucoadhesion properties. Xanthan gum was shown as the best agent prolonging the hydrogel retention time up to 45 min. Furthermore, xanthan gum has been found as a relevant polymer matrix controlling drug release by diffusion and swelling processes in order to achieve therapeutic concentration for prolonged periods of time.
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Hua S. Physiological and Pharmaceutical Considerations for Rectal Drug Formulations. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1196. [PMID: 31680970 PMCID: PMC6805701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the oral route is the most convenient route for drug administration, there are a number of circumstances where this is not possible from either a clinical or pharmaceutical perspective. In these cases, the rectal route may represent a practical alternative and can be used to administer drugs for both local and systemic actions. The environment in the rectum is considered relatively constant and stable and has low enzymatic activity in comparison to other sections of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, drugs can partially bypass the liver following systemic absorption, which reduces the hepatic first-pass effect. Therefore, rectal drug delivery can provide significant local and systemic levels for various drugs, despite the relatively small surface area of the rectal mucosa. Further development and optimization of rectal drug formulations have led to improvements in drug bioavailability, formulation retention, and drug release kinetics. However, despite the pharmaceutical advances in rectal drug delivery, very few of them have translated to the clinical phase. This review will address the physiological and pharmaceutical considerations influencing rectal drug delivery as well as the conventional and novel drug delivery approaches. The translational challenges and development aspects of novel formulations will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hua
- Therapeutic Targeting Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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Mesquita L, Galante J, Nunes R, Sarmento B, das Neves J. Pharmaceutical Vehicles for Vaginal and Rectal Administration of Anti-HIV Microbicide Nanosystems. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11030145. [PMID: 30917532 PMCID: PMC6472048 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention strategies play a key role in the fight against HIV/AIDS. Vaginal and rectal microbicides hold great promise in tackling sexual transmission of HIV-1, but effective and safe products are yet to be approved and made available to those in need. While most efforts have been placed in finding and testing suitable active drug candidates to be used in microbicide development, the last decade also saw considerable advances in the design of adequate carrier systems and formulations that could lead to products presenting enhanced performance in protecting from infection. One strategy demonstrating great potential encompasses the use of nanosystems, either with intrinsic antiviral activity or acting as carriers for promising microbicide drug candidates. Polymeric nanoparticles, in particular, have been shown to be able to enhance mucosal distribution and retention of promising antiretroviral compounds. One important aspect in the development of nanotechnology-based microbicides relates to the design of pharmaceutical vehicles that allow not only convenient vaginal and/or rectal administration, but also preserve or even enhance the performance of nanosystems. In this manuscript, we revise relevant work concerning the selection of vaginal/rectal dosage forms and vehicle formulation development for the administration of microbicide nanosystems. We also pinpoint major gaps in the field and provide pertinent hints for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Mesquita
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Galante
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rute Nunes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| | - José das Neves
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
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Pleguezuelos-Villa M, Nácher A, Hernández MJ, Busó MAOV, Barrachina M, Peñalver N, Díez-Sales O. A novel lidocaine hydrochloride mucoadhesive films for periodontal diseases. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:14. [PMID: 30635738 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are inflammatory disorders caused primarily by dental plaque microorganisms that even may need surgery to remove damaged tissue. Adhesive biocompatible films may be an adequate form in order to improve drug retention or prevent microbial infections by covering the surgical site. In recent years, much attention has been focused on biocompatible inexpensive polymers, for biomedical and pharmaceutical potential applications. The objective of this research is the development of a film for mucosal application containing lidocaine hydrochloride (5%, w/w) as anesthetic drug. Lidocaine films were prepared with three biopolymers: hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), chitosan (CH), or xanthan gum (XG). Their thickness and uniformity content were characterized. Rheological behavior of the hydrated films was studied using flow curves, creep and recovery tests and dynamic oscillatory measurements with a rheometer. The mucoadhesive assays were carried out with cheeks of Wistar rat using a universal tensile tester to know their adhesiveness. Finally, lidocaine delivery through the films was investigated in Franz cells. All films (n = 3 for each polymer) showed flexibility, a drug content of 0.015 ± 0.001 g/cm2 and a thickness of 0.25 ± 0.01 mm. The results of the maximum detachment force in tensile tests and work adhesion indicated that XG is the polymer that showed greater power of mucoadhesion (p < 0.05). These properties show a good correlation with the rheological characteristics. In all cases, the lidocaine amount released at 30 min is around 4 mg/cm2. This amount could be considered sufficient to guarantee the anesthetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pleguezuelos-Villa
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Amparo Nácher
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat deValència, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Hernández
- Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, Faculty of Physics, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - M A Ofelia Vila Busó
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Barrachina
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Peñalver
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Octavio Díez-Sales
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat deValència, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Melo M, Nunes R, Sarmento B, das Neves J. Colorectal distribution and retention of polymeric nanoparticles following incorporation into a thermosensitive enema. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:3801-3811. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00759h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of nanoparticles into a thermosensitive enema enhances colorectal distribution and retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Melo
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde
- Universidade do Porto
- Porto
- Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica
| | - Rute Nunes
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde
- Universidade do Porto
- Porto
- Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde
- Universidade do Porto
- Porto
- Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica
| | - José das Neves
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde
- Universidade do Porto
- Porto
- Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica
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Yan S, Liu Y, Feng J, Zhao H, Yu Z, Zhao J, Li Y, Zhang J. Difference and alteration in pharmacokinetic and metabolic characteristics of low-solubility natural medicines. Drug Metab Rev 2018; 50:140-160. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1430823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglei Yan
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhongshu Yu
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yao Li
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jingqing Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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Liu Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Di X. Thermosensitive In Situ Gel Based on Solid Dispersion for Rectal Delivery of Ibuprofen. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:338-347. [PMID: 28733828 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a thermosensitive in situ gel based on solid dispersions (SDs) for rectal delivery of ibuprofen (IBU). Thermosensitive (poloxamer 407) and mucoadhesive (hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose E5 and sodium alginate) polymers were used to prepare the in situ gel and the sol-gel transition temperature (T sol-gel) and gel strength were optimized. The in vitro release performance and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties of the in situ gel after their rectal administration to rabbits were investigated. Compared with the solid suppository, the cumulative release of the IBU SDs loaded in situ gel was significantly increased. The in vivo pharmacokinetics indicated that in situ gel had a higher peak plasma concentration (C max) and area under the curve (AUC(0-∞)) in plasma than the solid suppositories. Histopathology results showed that the IBU in situ gel given at a dose of 15 mg/kg did not produce any irritation. In conclusion, this study suggested that the in situ gel could be an effective rectal formulation for IBU.
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Mucoadhesive chitosan hydrogels as rectal drug delivery vessels to treat ulcerative colitis. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:247-257. [PMID: 27769943 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems stick to mucosal tissues and prolong the local retention time of drugs. Since the colon is covered by a mucosal layer, mucoadhesive rectal formulations may improve treatment of such diseases as hypertension or colon cancer. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the colonic mucosa. It is commonly treated with sulfasalazine (SSZ), which is metabolized by the intestinal flora into the therapeutic 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and a toxic by-product sulfapyridine (SP). SSZ can be administered orally or rectally. The latter route avoids unintended absorption of the drug or its degradation products in the upper gastrointestinal tract, but often fails due to limited retention time. Here, we propose a mucoadhesive hydrogel to improve the efficacy of rectal SSZ administration. The gel is made of catechol modified-chitosan (Cat-CS) crosslinked by genipin. After loading the gel with SSZ, we evaluated its efficacy in a mouse model of UC. Compared to oral SSZ treatment, rectal SSZ/Cat-CS delivery was more therapeutic, showed equivalent histological scores, and induced a lower plasma concentration of the potentially toxic SP by-product. These results show SSZ/Cat-CS rectal hydrogels are more effective and safer formulations for UC treatment than oral SSZ. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Ulcerative colitis affects the colon by causing chronic inflammation on the mucosa. One of the most common drugs to treat mild to moderate UC is sulfasalazine, which can be administrated both orally and rectally. Rectal formulations are preferable, since their therapeutic effect happens topically, and they prevent side effects related to absorption of the drug in the small intestine. However, the efficacy of rectal sulfasalazine formulations is decreased by their limited colon residence time. Here we propose a chitosan-catechol mucoadhesive gel that allows delivering sulfasalazine more effectively and safely than oral administration. Our results bring new insights into the field of mussel-inspired catechol hydrogels, showing their potential as drug delivery systems to treat a widespread disease such as ulcerative colitis.
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Patel N, Nakrani H, Raval M, Sheth N. Development of loteprednol etabonate-loaded cationic nanoemulsified in-situ ophthalmic gel for sustained delivery and enhanced ocular bioavailability. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3712-3723. [DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1223225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nirav Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Happy Nakrani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Mihir Raval
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Navin Sheth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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Wang LL, Huang S, Guo HH, Han YX, Zheng WS, Jiang JD. In situ delivery of thermosensitive gel-mediated 5-fluorouracil microemulsion for the treatment of colorectal cancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:2855-2867. [PMID: 27660416 PMCID: PMC5019315 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In situ administration of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) “thermosensitive” gel effectively reduced systemic side effects in treating colon rectal cancer; however, the penetration efficacy of the formulation was considerably low due to the poor lipid solubility of 5FU. The aim of this study was to develop thermosensitive gel-mediated 5FU water-in-oil microemulsion (TG-5FU-ME) for improving the infiltration of 5FU. An in vitro release test showed that TG-5FU-ME sustained the drug’s release up to 10 hours. TG-5FU-ME exhibited good stability, and the microemulsion entrapped did not show any change in morphology and 5FU content during the 4-month storage. Transportation test in the Caco-2 cell monolayer showed that TG-5FU-ME had a permeability 6.3 times higher than that of 5FU thermosensitive gel, and the intracellular uptake of 5FU increased by 5.4-fold compared to that of 5FU thermosensitive gel. In vivo tissue distribution analysis exhibited that the TG-5FU-ME group had drug levels in rectal tissue and mesenteric lymph nodes, which were significantly higher than those of 5FU thermosensitive gel group, with very low blood levels of 5FU in both groups. Furthermore, TG-5FU-ME was not associated with detectable morphological damage to the rectal tissue. Conclusively, TG-5FU-ME might be an efficient rectal delivery system to treat colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Sheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Lin HR, Tseng CC, Lin YJ, Ling MH. A novel in-situ-gelling liquid suppository for site-targeting delivery of anti-colorectal cancer drugs. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 23:807-22. [PMID: 21418748 DOI: 10.1163/092050611x560861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to avoid anti-cancer drugs undergoing a first-pass effect and reduce their toxicity, and to solve conventional suppositories defects, we developed an in-situ-gelling and injectable Pluronic-poly(acrylic acid) (Pluronic-PAA) liquid suppository, which could gel fast in the physiological state and had suitable gel strength and bioadhesive force. The liquid suppositories were inserted into the rectum of rabbits without difficulty and leakage, and retained in the rectum for at least 6 h and while releasing the drug. The toxicity and cytotoxic tests indicated that Pluronic and PAA were non-toxic materials and could inhibit colon cancer cells when oxaliplatin was incorporated. C max and AUC0→12h values of oxaliplatin after rectal administration of a oxaliplatin suppository were higher than those for an oxaliplatin solution administered orally. These results suggest that an in-situ-gelling and injectable liquid suppository for humans can be further developed as a more convenient and effective rectal dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ru Lin
- a Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Southern Taiwan University, Tainan 710, Taiwan.
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16
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Mostafa AA, Zaazou MH, Chow LC, Mahmoud AA, Zaki DY, Basha M, Abdel Hamid MA, Khallaf ME, Sharaf NF, Hamdy TM. Injectable nanoamorphous calcium phosphate based
in situ
gel systems for the treatment of periapical lesions. Biomed Mater 2015; 10:065006. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/6/065006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Caramella CM, Rossi S, Ferrari F, Bonferoni MC, Sandri G. Mucoadhesive and thermogelling systems for vaginal drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 92:39-52. [PMID: 25683694 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on two formulation approaches, mucoadhesion and thermogelling, intended for prolonging residence time on vaginal mucosa of medical devices or drug delivery systems, thus improving their efficacy. The review, after a brief description of the vaginal environment and, in particular, of the vaginal secretions that strongly affect in vivo performance of vaginal formulations, deals with the above delivery systems. As for mucoadhesive systems, conventional formulations (gels, tablets, suppositories and emulsions) and novel drug delivery systems (micro-, nano-particles) intended for vaginal administration to achieve either local or systemic effect are reviewed. As for thermogelling systems, poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) copolymer-based and chitosan-based formulations are discussed as thermogelling systems. The methods employed for functional characterization of both mucoadhesive and thermogelling drug delivery systems are also briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Caramella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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18
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Esiringü F, Tuğcu-Demiröz F, Acartürk F, Coşkun Cevher Ş, Bircan F, Sarı Kılıçaslan SM. Investigation of the effect of intracolonic melatonin gel formulation on acetic acid-induced colitis. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:2318-2326. [PMID: 25547269 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.982773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to develop a colon-specific gel formulation of melatonin with sodium alginate and to evaluate its in vitro characteristics and intracolonic performance on oxidative stress parameters, such as nitric oxide (NOx), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in rats with acetic acid-induced colitis. The melatonin-alginate gel formulations were prepared and their physico-pharmaceutical properties were determined. Formulation M5, which contained 3% of sodium alginate and 20% polyethylene glycol, was used for in vivo studies. The in vivo studies were conducted in rats with acetic acid-induced colitis. NOx, MDA and GSH levels were determined and histological investigations were performed. It was found that formulation M5 was the most suitable formulation for the colon-specific melatonin gel, in terms of pH, viscosity, drug release and mucoadhesion properties. The MDA levels in the tissues of Group 2 (treated with an intracolonic gel formulation without melatonin) were found to be significantly higher than in Group 1 (the untreated group). NOx levels decreased with the intracolonic and systemic melatonin treatment in the colitis-induced rats. Neither intracolonic nor intra-peritoneal (IP) melatonin treatment affected GSH levels. The epitelization of the colon tissues in groups administered with intracolonic melatonin, IP melatonin, and the intracolonic gel formulation without melatonin was much better than that found in the untreated group. It was concluded that melatonin participated in various defense mechanisms against the colonic inflammatory process, and that the dose, route and formulation type were the most important parameters in the effectiveness of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Figen Esiringü
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Fatmanur Tuğcu-Demiröz
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Füsun Acartürk
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Şule Coşkun Cevher
- b Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey , and
| | - Filiz Bircan
- b Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey , and
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19
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Jannin V, Lemagnen G, Gueroult P, Larrouture D, Tuleu C. Rectal route in the 21st Century to treat children. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 73:34-49. [PMID: 24871671 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rectal route can be considered a good alternative to the oral route for the paediatric population because these dosage forms are neither to be swallowed nor need to be taste-masked. Rectal forms can also be administered in an emergency to unconscious or vomiting children. Their manufacturing cost is low with excipients generally regarded as safe. Some new formulation strategies, including mucoadhesive gels and suppositories, were introduced to increase patient acceptability. Even if recent paediatric clinical studies have demonstrated the equivalence of the rectal route with others, in order to enable the use of this promising route for the treatment of children in the 21st Century, some effort should be focused on informing and educating parents and care givers. This review is the first ever to address all the aforementioned items, and to list all drugs used in paediatric rectal forms in literature and marketed products in developed countries.
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20
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Evaluation of epirubicin in thermogelling and bioadhesive liquid and solid suppository formulations for rectal administration. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 15:342-60. [PMID: 24384838 PMCID: PMC3907813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature sensitive Pluronic (Plu) and pH-sensitive polyacrylic acid (PAA) were successfully mixed in different ratios to form in situ gelling formulations for colon cancer therapy. The major formulations were prepared as the liquid and solid suppository dosage forms. Epirubicin (Epi) was chosen as a model anticancer drug. In vitro characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of Epi in six Plu/PAA formulations were evaluated. Our in vitro data indicate that Epi in Plu 14%/PAA 0.75% of both solid and liquid suppositories possess significant cytotoxicity, strong bioadhesive force, long-term appropriate suppository base, sustained release, and high accumulation of Epi in rat rectums. These solid and liquid suppositories were retained in the upper rectum of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats for at least 12 h. An in vivo pharmacokinetic study using SD rats showed that after rectal administration of solid and liquid suppositories, Epi had greater area under the curve and higher relative bioavailability than in a rectal solution. These solid and liquid suppositories exhibited remarkable inhibition on the tumor growth of CT26 bearing Balb/c mice in vivo. Our findings suggest that in situ thermogelling and mucoadhesive suppositories demonstrate a great potential as colon anticancer delivery systems for protracted release of chemotherapeutic agents.
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21
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Development of in situ gelling and bio adhesive 5-Fluorouracil enema. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71037. [PMID: 23976976 PMCID: PMC3745382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) enema with good bio adhesion and temperature sensitivity was developed using in situ gelling technology. The preparation was formulated as a free-flowing liquid before use, while a layer of gel film was quickly formed when administered in the rectum, with a large contact surface area. It also demonstrated good biocompatibility, appropriate gel strength and bio adhesive force with excellent adhesion to rectal mucosa and prolonged action time, allowing more effective drug absorption and diffusion to surrounding tissues. Poloxamer 407 and poloxamer 188 were applied to adjust the gelling temperature. With the addition of carbopol and polycarbophil (bio adhesive substances), the solubility of 5-FU and gel strength increased, the temperature of gelation and the surface area of drug contact on mucous epithelium decreased. Decreased adhesive force between the preparation and the mucous membrane of the rectum was demonstrated with improving carbopol and polycarbophil's concentration. In vitro release demonstrated that 5-FU in situ gelling enema with different bases had a rapid and almost complete drug release. We used an optimized formulation of P407/P188/polycarbophil/5-FU (17/2.5/0.2/1.0) for animal experiments. The result showed that the drug evenly covered the surface of the rectum and there was no leakage in 6 hours. The in situ gelling enema showed significantly higher rectal tissue levels of 5-FU compared with suppository and intravenous administration, indicating that 5-FU could be well absorbed due to the enlarged releasing area, longer retention time and larger amount of dissolved active ingredients. Systemically, 5-FU levels in the enema group were similar to those in the suppository group and significantly lower than the intravenous group. The enema was not associated with morphological damage to rectal tissue. These results suggest that the bio adhesive and in situ gelling enema could be a more effective rectal delivery system of 5-FU.
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Rossi S, Ferrari F, Bonferoni MC, Sandri G, Faccendini A, Puccio A, Caramella C. Comparison of poloxamer- and chitosan-based thermally sensitive gels for the treatment of vaginal mucositis. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:352-60. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.762654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Analysis of alkaloids from different chemical groups by different liquid chromatography methods. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAlkaloids are biologically active compounds widely used as pharmaceuticals and synthesised as secondary methabolites in plants. Many of these compounds are strongly toxic. Therefore, they are often subject of scientific interests and analysis. Since alkaloids — basic compounds appear in aqueous solutions as ionized and unionized forms, they are difficult for chromatographic separation for peak tailing, poor systems efficiency, poor separation and poor column-to-column reproducibility. For this reason it is necessity searching of more suitable chromatographic systems for analysis of the compounds. In this article we present an overview on the separation of selected alkaloids from different chemical groups by liquid chromatography thus indicating the range of useful methods now available for alkaloid analysis. Different selectivity, system efficiency and peaks shape may be achieved in different LC methods separations by use of alternative stationary phases: silica, alumina, chemically bonded stationary phases, cation exchange phases, or by varying nonaqueous or aqueous mobile phase (containing different modifier, different buffers at different pH, ion-pairing or silanol blocker reagents). Developments in TLC (NP and RP systems), HPLC (NP, RP, HILIC, ion-exchange) are presented and the advantages of each method for alkaloids analysis are discussed.
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25
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Development of tramadol hydrochloride rectal gel preparations and evaluation of analgesic activity in experimental animals. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(11)50081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Ammar H, Salama H, Ghorab M, Mahmoud A. Development of dorzolamide hydrochloride in situ gel nanoemulsion for ocular delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:1330-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03639041003801885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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27
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Bouchemal K, Agnely F, Koffi A, Ponchel G. A concise analysis of the effect of temperature and propanediol-1, 2 on Pluronic F127 micellization using isothermal titration microcalorimetry. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 338:169-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Barakat NS. In vitro and in vivo characteristics of a thermogelling rectal delivery system of etodolac. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:724-31. [PMID: 19479384 PMCID: PMC2802138 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rectal etodolac-Poloxamer gel systems composed of Poloxamer and bioadhesive polymers were developed and evaluated. Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, poly)vinyl) pyrrolidone, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, and carbopol were examined as mucoadhesive polymers. The characteristics of the rectal gels differed according to the properties of mucoadhesive polymers. The physicochemical properties such as gelation temperature, gel strength, and bioadhesive force of various formulations were investigated. The analysis of release mechanism showed that the release of etodolac was proportional to the square root of time, indicating that etodolac might be released from the suppositories by Fickian diffusion. The anti-inflammatory effect of etodolac-Poloxamer gel system was also studied in rats. Moreover, liquid suppository of etodolac did not cause any morphological damage to the rectal tissues. These results suggested that in situ gelling liquid suppository with etodolac and mucoadhesive polymer was a physically safe, convenient, and effective rectal dosage form for etodolac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla S Barakat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11495 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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29
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Permeation of quinine across sublingual mucosa, in vitro. Int J Pharm 2008; 366:58-64. [PMID: 18835345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Quinine is the first line treatment in severe P. falciparum malaria and nocturnal leg cramps and a fast, convenient delivery method of this drug quinine is needed. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro the sublingual route for the delivery of quinine. Permeation studies were carried out with Franz diffusion cells containing sublingual mucosa membranes with PBS receptor phase and dosed with solutions of quinine hydrochloride or quinine/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin complexes. Receptor phase samples were taken 2 hourly over a 12h period and quinine was determined by reverse-phase HPLC analysis. The ventral surface of the tongue was significantly more permeable than porcine floor of the mouth (p<0.05) and there was no significant effect of freezing on the ventral surface of the tongue (p 0.2444). The presence of saliva caused a decrease in the permeation of quinine across the ventral surface of the tongue by up to 68%. Inclusion complexation between quinine and 2-HP-beta-CD was supported by (1)H NMR spectral data, and an ethanol vehicle provided the highest quinine flux from the inclusion complex solutions compared to deionised water and PEG. Overall, the data support further investigations into the clinical use of sublingual quinine, particularly for children with falciparum malaria or patients with nocturnal leg cramps. Use of quinine/cyclodextrin inclusion complexes may circumvent compliance issues due to bitter taste.
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