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Abstract
Introduction: The oral route of vaccination is pain- and needle-free and can induce systemic and mucosal immunity. However, gastrointestinal barriers and antigen degradation impose significant hurdles in the development of oral vaccines. Live attenuated viruses and bacteria can overcome these barriers but at the risk of introducing safety concerns. As an alternative, particles have been investigated for antigen protection and delivery, yet there are no FDA-approved oral vaccines based on particle-based delivery systems. Our objective was to discover underlying determinants that can explain the current inadequacies and identify paradigms that can be implemented in future for successful development of oral vaccines relying on particle-based delivery systems.Areas covered: We reviewed literature related to the use of particles for oral vaccination and placed special emphasis on formulation characteristics and administration schedules to gain an insight into how these parameters impact production of antigen-specific antibodies in systemic and mucosal compartments.Expert opinion: Despite the long history of vaccines, particle-based oral vaccination is a relative new field with the first study published in 1989. Substantial variability exists between different studies with respect to dosing schedules, number of doses, and the amount of vaccine per dose. Most studies have not used adjuvants in the formulations. Better standardization in vaccination parameters is required to improve comparison between experiments, and adjuvants should be used to enhance the systemic and mucosal immune responses and to reduce the number of doses, which will make oral vaccines more attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gonzalez-Cruz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Basu A, Domb AJ. Ion Exchange Nanoparticles for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2726-2736. [PMID: 33137253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report here on ion-exchange polymeric nanoparticles from a linear copolymer of maleic anhydride methyl vinyl ether esterified with 30% octadecanol. The side chains for the polymer structure were optimized through metadynamics simulations, which revealed the use of octadecanol esters generates ideal free energy surfaces for drug encapsulation and release. Nanoparticles were synthesized using a solvent evaporation-precipitation method by mixing the polymer solution in acetone into water; upon acetone evaporation, a nanodispersion with an average particle size of ∼150 nm was obtained. Gentamicin sulfate, possessing five amino groups, was spontaneously entrapped in the nanocarrier by ionic interactions. Encapsulation efficiency increases significantly with the increase in pH and ionic strength. In vivo results demonstrate high gentamicin (GM) content in the enteric chamber (AUC 8207 ± 1334 (μg min)/mL) compared to 3% GM solution (AUC 2024 ± 438 (μg min)/mL). The formulation was also able to significantly extend the release of gentamicin when applied to rabbit cornea. These anionic nanoparticles can be used for extended-release of other cationic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Basu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Drug Research-Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Abraham J Domb
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Drug Research-Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Rodgers AM, Cordeiro AS, Kissenpfennig A, Donnelly RF. Microneedle arrays for vaccine delivery: the possibilities, challenges and use of nanoparticles as a combinatorial approach for enhanced vaccine immunogenicity. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:851-867. [PMID: 30051726 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1505860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccination is one of the greatest breakthroughs of modern preventative medicine. Despite this, there remain problems surrounding delivery, efficacy and compliance. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop cost-effective vaccine delivery systems that could expand the use of vaccines, particularly within developing countries. Microneedle (MN) arrays, given their ease of use, painlessness and ability to target skin antigen presenting cells, provide an attractive platform for improved vaccine delivery and efficacy. Studies have demonstrated enhanced immunogenicity with the use of MN in comparison to conventional needle. More recently, dissolving MN have been used for efficient delivery of nanoparticles (NP), as a means to enhance antigen immunogenicity. AREAS COVERED This review introduces the fields of MN technology and nanotechnology, highlighting the recent advances which have been made with these two technologies combined for enhanced vaccine delivery and efficacy. Some key questions that remain to be addressed for adoption of MN in a clinical setting are also evaluated. EXPERT OPINION MN-mediated vaccine delivery holds potential for expanding access to vaccines, with individuals in developing countries likely to be the principal beneficiaries. The combinatorial approach of utilizing MN coupled with NP, provides opportunities to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Maria Rodgers
- a School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
| | - Ana Sara Cordeiro
- a School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
| | - Adrien Kissenpfennig
- b Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- a School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
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Cardiano P, Cigala RM, Crea F, Giacobello F, Giuffrè O, Irto A, Lando G, Sammartano S. Sequestration of Aluminium(III) by different natural and synthetic organic and inorganic ligands in aqueous solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:535-545. [PMID: 28806680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The speciation of Al3+ in aqueous solutions containing organic and inorganic ligands important from a biological (citrate (Cit3-), gluconate (Gluc-), lactate (Lac-), silicate (H2SiO42-), carbonate (CO32-), fluoride (F-)) and industrial (Gantrez®; polymethyl-vinyl-ether-co-maleic acids; GTZ S95 and GTZ AN169) point of view is reported. The stability constants of Al3+/Lz- complexes (Lz- = ligand with z- charge) were determined by potentiometry at T = 298.15 K and 0.10 ≤ I/M ≤ 1.00 in NaCl(aq) (in NaNO3(aq) only for Al3+/GTZ S95 and Al3+/Gluc- acid systems). For Al3+/Cit3-, Al3+/Lac- and Al3+/GTZ AN1694- systems, the investigations were also carried out at 283.15 ≤ T/K ≤ 318.15. The dependence of the thermodynamic parameters on ionic strength and temperature was modelled with a Debye-Hückel type equation. Different speciation schemes of Al3+/Lz- systems were obtained, including protonated, simple metal-ligand, polynuclear and hydrolytic mixed species. At I → 0 M and T = 298.15 K the stability trend for the AlL(3-z) species is: 14.28 ± 0.02, 13.99 ± 0.03, 10.16 ± 0.03, 3.16 ± 0.08, 2.84 ± 0.10 for GTZ S95, GTZ AN169, Cit3-, Gluc- and Lac-, respectively. From the investigations at different temperatures, it results that the entropic contribution is the driving force of the reactions. The sequestering ability of the ligands towards Al3+ was investigated determining the pL0.5 parameter at different experimental conditions, finding the following trend: Cit3- » Gluc- > GTZ S954- > GTZ AN1694- > Lac- for the organic ligands, and pL0.5: F- » CO32- > H2SiO42- for the inorganic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cardiano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, I-98166 Messina, Vill. S. Agata, Italy
| | - Rosalia Maria Cigala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, I-98166 Messina, Vill. S. Agata, Italy
| | - Francesco Crea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, I-98166 Messina, Vill. S. Agata, Italy
| | - Fausta Giacobello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, I-98166 Messina, Vill. S. Agata, Italy
| | - Ottavia Giuffrè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, I-98166 Messina, Vill. S. Agata, Italy
| | - Anna Irto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, I-98166 Messina, Vill. S. Agata, Italy
| | - Gabriele Lando
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, I-98166 Messina, Vill. S. Agata, Italy
| | - Silvio Sammartano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, I-98166 Messina, Vill. S. Agata, Italy.
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Kammona O, Bourganis V, Karamanidou T, Kiparissides C. Recent developments in nanocarrier-aided mucosal vaccination. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:1057-1074. [PMID: 28440707 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, most of the licensed vaccines for mucosal delivery are based on live-attenuated viruses which carry the risk of regaining their pathogenicity. Therefore, the development of efficient nonviral vectors allowing the induction of potent humoral and cell-mediated immunity is regarded as an imperative scientific challenge as well as a commercial breakthrough for the pharma industries. For a successful translation to the clinic, such nanocarriers should protect the antigens from mucosal enzymes, facilitate antigen uptake by microfold cells and allow the copresentation of robust, safe for human use, mucosal adjuvants to antigen-presenting cells. Finally, the developed formulations should exhibit accuracy regarding the administered dose, a major drawback of mucosal vaccines in comparison with parenteral ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kammona
- Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, PO Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Bourganis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Karamanidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Costas Kiparissides
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.,Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, PO Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Zhang D, Pan X, Wang S, Zhai Y, Guan J, Fu Q, Hao X, Qi W, Wang Y, Lian H, Liu X, Wang Y, Sun Y, He Z, Sun J. Multifunctional Poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride)-graft-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Amphiphilic Copolymer as an Oral High-Performance Delivery Carrier of Tacrolimus. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2337-51. [PMID: 26024817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve oral bioavailability of tacrolimus (FK506), a novel poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride)-graft-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin amphiphilic copolymer (CD-PVM/MA) is developed, combining the bioadhesiveness of PVM/MA, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and cytochrome P450-inhibitory effect of CD into one. The FK506-loaded nanoparticles (CD-PVM/MA-NPs) were obtained by solvent evaporation method. The physiochemical properties and intestinal absorption mechanism of FK506-loaded CD-PVM/MA-NPs were characterized, and the pharmacokinetic behavior was investigated in rats. FK506-loaded CD-PVM/MA-NPs exhibited nanometer-sized particles of 273.7 nm, with encapsulation efficiency as high as 73.3%. FK506-loaded CD-PVM/MA-NPs maintained structural stability in the simulated gastric fluid, and about 80% FK506 was released within 24 h in the simulated intestinal fluid. The permeability of FK506 was improved dramatically by CD-PVM/MA-NPs compared to its solution, probably due to the synergistic inhibition effect of P-gp and cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A). The intestinal biodistribution of fluorescence-labeled CD-PVM/MA-NPs confirmed its good bioadhesion to the rat intestinal wall. Two endocytosis pathways, clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis, were involved in the cellular uptake of CD-PVM/MA-NPs. The important role of lymphatic transport in nanoparticles' access to the systemic circulation, about half of the contribution to oral bioavailability, was observed in mesenteric lymph duct ligated rats. The AUC0-24 of FK506 loaded in nanoparticles was enhanced up to 20-fold compared to FK506 solutions after oral administration. The present study suggested that the novel multifunctional CD-PVM/MA is a promising efficient oral delivery carrier for FK506, due to its ability in solubilization, inhibitory effects on both P-gp and CYP 3A, high bioadhesion, and sustained release capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- †Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaolei Pan
- †Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.,‡Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2526, United States
| | - Shang Wang
- †Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yinglei Zhai
- ∥School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jibin Guan
- †Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- †Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaoli Hao
- †Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wanpeng Qi
- †Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- †Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - He Lian
- ∥School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- †Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- †Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yinghua Sun
- †Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- †Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jin Sun
- †Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.,⊥Municipal Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
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