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Nkanga CI, Fisch A, Rad-Malekshahi M, Romic MD, Kittel B, Ullrich T, Wang J, Krause RWM, Adler S, Lammers T, Hennink WE, Ramazani F. Clinically established biodegradable long acting injectables: An industry perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 167:19-46. [PMID: 33202261 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Long acting injectable formulations have been developed to sustain the action of drugs in the body over desired periods of time. These delivery platforms have been utilized for both systemic and local drug delivery applications. This review gives an overview of long acting injectable systems that are currently in clinical use. These products are categorized in three different groups: biodegradable polymeric systems, including microparticles and implants; micro and nanocrystal suspensions and oil-based formulations. Furthermore, the applications of these drug delivery platforms for the management of various chronic diseases are summarized. Finally, this review addresses industrial challenges regarding the development of long acting injectable formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Isalomboto Nkanga
- Center for Chemico- and Bio-Medicinal Research (CCBR), Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 212, Kinshasa, XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Fisch
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Mazda Rad-Malekshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Birgit Kittel
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Ullrich
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Jing Wang
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Rui Werner Maçedo Krause
- Center for Chemico- and Bio-Medicinal Research (CCBR), Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Sabine Adler
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Farshad Ramazani
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
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Combined therapy for critical limb ischaemia: Biomimetic PLGA microcarriers potentiates the pro-angiogenic effect of adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1363-1373. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Andrés-Guerrero V, Bravo-Osuna I, Pastoriza P, Molina-Martinez IT, Herrero-Vanrell R. Novel technologies for the delivery of ocular therapeutics in glaucoma. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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4
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de Oliveira AR, Mesquita PC, Machado PRL, Farias KJS, de Almeida YMB, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF, Cornélio AM, do Egito EST, da Silva-Júnior AA. Monitoring structural features, biocompatibility and biological efficacy of gamma-irradiated methotrexate-loaded spray-dried microparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 80:438-448. [PMID: 28866185 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, biodegradable and biocompatible gamma irradiated poly-(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) spray-dried microparticles were prepared aiming to improve the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX). The experimental design included three formulations of microparticles containing distinct drug amount (9%, 18%, and 27% w/w) and three distinct gamma irradiation dose (15kGy, 25kGy, and 30kGy). The physicochemical and drug release properties of the microparticles supported their biocompatibility and biological efficacy studies in different cell lines. The irradiation induced slight changes in the spherical shape of the microparticles and the formation of free radicals was dependent on the drug loading. However, the amorphous character, particle size, drug loading, and drug release rate of the microparticles were preserved. The drug release data from all microparticles formulation were evaluated by using four drug kinetic models and by comparison of their similarity factor (f2). The gamma irradiation did not induce changes in the biocompatibility of PLGA microparticles and in the biological activity of the MTX-loaded microparticles. Finally, the spray-dried MTX-loaded PLGA microparticles enhanced the efficacy of the drug in the human cervical cancer cells (SiHa cell line). This study demonstrated the feasibility of the gamma irradiated spray dried PLGA microparticles for prolonged release of MTX, supporting a promising antitumor-drug delivery system for parenteral (subcutaneous) or pulmonary use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice R de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Philippe C Mesquita
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Paula R L Machado
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Kleber J S Farias
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Yêda M B de Almeida
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, 50740-521 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Matheus F Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Alianda M Cornélio
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, 59078-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Eryvaldo Sócrates T do Egito
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Arnóbio A da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Microparticle Drug Delivery in Ophthalmology. Clin Ophthalmol 2017; 57:129-136. [DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Zhang L, Tang Y, Hao Y, He G, Zhang B, Gao R, Zhang M. Preparation of magnetic glycoprotein-imprinted nanoparticles with dendritic polyethyleneimine as a monomer for the specific recognition of ovalbumin from egg white. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1919-25. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Institute of Analytical Science, School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
- College of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Yuhai Tang
- Institute of Analytical Science, School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
- College of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Yi Hao
- Institute of Analytical Science, School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
- College of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Gaiyan He
- Institute of Analytical Science, School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
- College of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Bianbian Zhang
- State key laboratory of multiphase flow in power engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Ruixia Gao
- Institute of Analytical Science, School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; Shanghai China
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Salvador A, Sandgren KJ, Liang F, Thompson EA, Koup RA, Pedraz JL, Hernandez RM, Loré K, Igartua M. Design and evaluation of surface and adjuvant modified PLGA microspheres for uptake by dendritic cells to improve vaccine responses. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:371-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Erdemli Ö, Keskin D, Tezcaner A. Influence of excipients on characteristics and release profiles of poly(ε-caprolactone) microspheres containing immunoglobulin G. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 48:391-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Caffeic Acid-PLGA Conjugate to Design Protein Drug Delivery Systems Stable to Irradiation. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:1-13. [PMID: 25569163 PMCID: PMC4384096 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports the feasibility of caffeic acid grafted PLGA (g-CA-PLGA) to design biodegradable sterile microspheres for the delivery of proteins. Ovalbumin (OVA) was selected as model compound because of its sensitiveness of γ-radiation. The adopted grafting procedure allowed us to obtain a material with good free radical scavenging properties, without a significant modification of Mw and Tg of the starting PLGA (Mw PLGA = 26.3 ± 1.3 kDa vs.Mw g-CA-PLGA = 22.8 ± 0.7 kDa; Tg PLGA = 47.7 ± 0.8 °C vs.Tg g-CA-PLGA = 47.4 ± 0.2 °C). By using a W1/O/W2 technique, g-CA-PLGA improved the encapsulation efficiency (EE), suggesting that the presence of caffeic residues improved the compatibility between components (EEPLGA = 35.0% ± 0.7% vs.EEg-CA-PLGA = 95.6% ± 2.7%). Microspheres particle size distribution ranged from 15 to 50 µm. The zeta-potential values of placebo and loaded microspheres were −25 mV and −15 mV, respectively. The irradiation of g-CA-PLGA at the dose of 25 kGy caused a less than 1% variation of Mw and the degradation patterns of the non-irradiated and irradiated microspheres were superimposable. The OVA content in g-CA-PLGA microspheres decreased to a lower extent with respect to PLGA microspheres. These results suggest that g-CA-PLGA is a promising biodegradable material to microencapsulate biological drugs.
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The potential of using biodegradable microspheres in retinal diseases and other intraocular pathologies. Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 42:27-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Impact of IGF-I release kinetics on bone healing: a preliminary study in sheep. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 85:99-106. [PMID: 23958321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal release of growth factors from a delivery device can profoundly affect the efficacy of bone growth induction. Here, we report on a delivery platform based on the encapsulation of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in different poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microsphere (MS) formulations to control IGF-I release kinetics. In vitro IGF-I release profiles generally exhibited an initial burst (14-36% of total IGF-I content), which was followed by a more or less pronounced dormant phase with little release (2 to 34 days), and finally, a third phase of re-increased IGF-I release. The osteoinductive potential of these different IGF-I PL(G)A MS formulations was tested in studies using 8-mm metaphyseal drill hole bone defects in sheep. Histomorphometric analysis at 3 and 6 weeks after surgery showed that new bone formation was improved in the defects locally treated with IGF-I PL(G)A MS (n=5) as compared to defects filled with IGF-I-free PL(G)A MS (n=4). The extent of new bone formation was affected by the particular release kinetics, although a definitive relationship was not evident. Local administration of IGF-I resulted in down-regulation of inflammatory marker genes in all IGF-I treated defects. The over-expression of growth factor genes in response to IGF-I delivery was restricted to formulations that produced osteogenic responses. These experiments demonstrate the osteoinductive potential of sustained IGF-I delivery and show the importance of delivery kinetics for successful IGF-I-based therapies.
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McAdams D, Chen D, Kristensen D. Spray drying and vaccine stabilization. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 11:1211-9. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lou H, Liu M, Qu W, Hu Z, Brunson E, Johnson J, Almoazen H. Evaluation of Chlorpheniramine Maleate microparticles in orally disintegrating film and orally disintegrating tablet for pediatrics. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:910-8. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.789907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Gamma irradiation of active self-healing PLGA microspheres for efficient aqueous encapsulation of vaccine antigens. Pharm Res 2013; 30:1768-78. [PMID: 23515830 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of γ-irradiation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/Al(OH)₃/0 or 5 wt% diethyl phthalate (DEP) microspheres for active self-healing encapsulation of vaccine antigens. METHODS Microspheres were irradiated with ⁶⁰Co at 2.5 and 1.8 MRad and 0.37 and 0.20 MRad/h. Encapsulation of tetanus toxoid (TT) was achieved by mixing Al(OH)₃-PLGA microspheres with TT solution at 10-38°C. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to examine free radical formation. Glass transition temperature (T(g)) and molecular weight of PLGA was measured by differential scanning calorimetry and gel permeation chromatography, respectively. Loading and release of TT were examined by modified Bradford, amino acid analysis, and ELISA assays. RESULTS EPR spectroscopy results indicated absence of free radicals in PLGA microspheres after γ-irradiation. Antigen-sorbing capacity, encapsulation efficiency, and T(g) of the polymer were also not adversely affected. When DEP-loaded microspheres were irradiated at 0.2 MRad/h, some PLGA pores healed during irradiation and PLGA healing during encapsulation was suppressed. The molecular weight of PLGA was slightly reduced when DEP-loaded microspheres were irradiated at the same dose rate. At the 0.37 MRad/h dose rate, these trends were not observed and the full immunoreactivity of TT was preserved during encapsulation and 1-month release. Gamma irradiation slightly increased TT initial burst release. The small increase in total irradiation dose from 1.8 to 2.5 MRad had insignificant effect on the polymer and microspheres properties analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Gamma irradiation is a plausible approach to provide a terminally sterilized, self-healing encapsulation PLGA excipient for vaccine delivery.
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Hu L, Zhang H, Song W. An overview of preparation and evaluation sustained-release injectable microspheres. J Microencapsul 2012; 30:369-82. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.742158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Checa-Casalengua P, Jiang C, Bravo-Osuna I, Tucker BA, Molina-Martínez IT, Young MJ, Herrero-Vanrell R. Preservation of biological activity of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) after microencapsulation and sterilization by gamma irradiation. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:545-54. [PMID: 22828071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A main issue in controlled delivery of biotechnological products from injectable biodegradable microspheres is to preserve their integrity and functional activity after the microencapsulation process and final sterilization. The present experimental work tested different technological approaches to maintain the biological activity of an encapsulated biotechnological product within PLGA [poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)] microspheres (MS) after their sterilization by gamma irradiation. GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor), useful in the treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases, was chosen as a labile model protein. In the particular case of optic nerve degeneration, GDNF has been demonstrated to improve the damaged retinal ganglion cells (RGC) survival. GDNF was encapsulated in its molecular state by the water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) technique or as solid according to the solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) method. Based on the S/O/W technique, GDNF was included in the PLGA microspheres alone (S/O/W 1) or in combination with an antioxidant (vitamin E, Vit E) (S/O/W 2). Microspheres were sterilized by gamma-irradiation (dose of 25 kGy) at room and low (-78 °C) temperatures. Functional activity of GDNF released from the different microspheres was evaluated both before and after sterilization in their potential target cells (retinal cells). Although none of the systems proposed achieved with the goal of totally retain the structural stability of the GDNF-dimer, the protein released from the S/O/W 2 microspheres was clearly the most biologically active, showing significantly less retinal cell death than that released from either W/O/W or S/O/W 1 particles, even in low amounts of the neurotrophic factor. According to the results presented in this work, the biological activity of biotechnological products after microencapsulation and sterilization can be further preserved by the inclusion of the active molecule in its solid state in combination with antioxidants and using low temperature (-78 °C) during gamma irradiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Checa-Casalengua
- Dep. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Avd. Complutense s/n, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Mueller M, Reichardt W, Koerner J, Groettrup M. Coencapsulation of tumor lysate and CpG-ODN in PLGA-microspheres enables successful immunotherapy of prostate carcinoma in TRAMP mice. J Control Release 2012; 162:159-66. [PMID: 22709589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres (MS) deliver antigens and toll like receptor (TLR) ligands to antigen presenting cells (APC) in vitro and in vivo. PLGA-MS-microencapsulated model antigens are efficiently presented on MHC class I and II molecules of dendritic cells and stimulate strong cytotoxic and T helper cell responses enabling the eradication of pre-existing model tumors. The application of tumor lysates as a source of antigen for immunotherapy has so far not been very successful also due to a lack of suitable delivery systems. In this study we used PLGA-MS with co-encapsulated tumor lysates and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) as well as microencapsulated polyI:C in order to elicit anti-tumor responses. Immunization of mice with such mixtures of MS yielded substantial cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses and interfered with tumor growth in TRAMP mice, a pre-clinical transgenic mouse model of prostate carcinoma, which has previously resisted dendritic cell-based therapy. As an important step towards clinical application of PLGA-MS, we could show that γ-irradiation of PLGA-MS sterilized the MS, without reducing their efficacy in eliciting CTL and anti-tumor responses in subcutaneous tumor grafts. Since PLGA is approved for clinical application, sterilized PLGA-MS containing tumor lysates and TLR ligands hold promise as anti-tumor vaccines against prostate carcinoma in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Mueller
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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