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Seidl LL, Moog R, Graeser KA. Antisense oligonucleotides and their technical suitability to nebulization. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124390. [PMID: 38936443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In vivo studies investigating the inhalative efficacy of biotherapeutics, such as nucleic acids, usually do not perform an aerosolization step, rather the solution is directly administered into the lungs e.g. intratracheally. In addition, there is currently very little information on the behavior of nucleic acid solutions when subjected to the physical stress of the nebulization process. In this study, the aim was to assess the technical suitability of Locked Nucleic Acids (LNAs), as a model antisense oligonucleotide, towards nebulization using two commercially available nebulizers. A jet nebulizer (Pari LC Plus) and a vibrating mesh nebulizer (Aerogen Solo) were employed and solutions of five different LNAs investigated in terms of their physical and chemical stability to nebulization and the quality of the generated aerosols. The aerosol properties of the Aerogen Solo were mainly influenced by the viscosity of the solutions with the output rate and the droplet size decreasing with increasing viscosity. The Pari LC Plus was less susceptible to viscosity and overall the droplet size was smaller. The LNAs tolerated both nebulization processes and the integrity of the molecules was shown. Chemical stability of the molecules from the Aerogen Solo was confirmed, whereas aerosol generation with the Pari LC Plus jet nebulizer led to a slight increase of phosphodiester groups in a fully phosphorothiolated backbone of the LNAs. Overall, it could be shown that nebulization of different LNAs is possible and inhalation can therefore be considered a potential route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo L Seidl
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, pCMC, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland; Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Boltzmannstr. 10, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Regina Moog
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, pCMC, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten A Graeser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, pCMC, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
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2
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Sosnowski TR. Towards More Precise Targeting of Inhaled Aerosols to Different Areas of the Respiratory System. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:97. [PMID: 38258107 PMCID: PMC10818612 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical aerosols play a key role in the treatment of lung disorders, but also systemic diseases, due to their ability to target specific areas of the respiratory system (RS). This article focuses on identifying and clarifying the influence of various factors involved in the generation of aerosol micro- and nanoparticles on their regional distribution and deposition in the RS. Attention is given to the importance of process parameters during the aerosolization of liquids or powders and the role of aerosol flow dynamics in the RS. The interaction of deposited particles with the fluid environment of the lung is also pointed out as an important step in the mass transfer of the drug to the RS surface. The analysis presented highlights the technical aspects of preparing the precursors to ensure that the properties of the aerosol are suitable for a given therapeutic target. Through an analysis of existing technical limitations, selected strategies aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of targeted aerosol delivery to the RS have been identified and presented. These strategies also include the use of smart inhaling devices and systems with built-in AI algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz R Sosnowski
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Tai W, Chow MYT, Chang RYK, Tang P, Gonda I, MacArthur RB, Chan HK, Kwok PCL. Nebulised Isotonic Hydroxychloroquine Aerosols for Potential Treatment of COVID-19. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1260. [PMID: 34452220 PMCID: PMC8399722 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an unprecedented pandemic that has severely impacted global public health and the economy. Hydroxychloroquine administered orally to COVID-19 patients was ineffective, but its antiviral and anti-inflammatory actions were observed in vitro. The lack of efficacy in vivo could be due to the inefficiency of the oral route in attaining high drug concentration in the lungs. Delivering hydroxychloroquine by inhalation may be a promising alternative for direct targeting with minimal systemic exposure. This paper reports on the characterisation of isotonic, pH-neutral hydroxychloroquine sulphate (HCQS) solutions for nebulisation for COVID-19. They can be prepared, sterilised, and nebulised for testing as an investigational new drug for treating this infection. The 20, 50, and 100 mg/mL HCQS solutions were stable for at least 15 days without refrigeration when stored in darkness. They were atomised from Aerogen Solo Ultra vibrating mesh nebulisers (1 mL of each of the three concentrations and, in addition, 1.5 mL of 100 mg/mL) to form droplets having a median volumetric diameter of 4.3-5.2 µm, with about 50-60% of the aerosol by volume < 5 µm. The aerosol droplet size decreased (from 4.95 to 4.34 µm) with increasing drug concentration (from 20 to 100 mg/mL). As the drug concentration and liquid volume increased, the nebulisation duration increased from 3 to 11 min. The emitted doses ranged from 9.1 to 75.9 mg, depending on the concentration and volume nebulised. The HCQS solutions appear suitable for preclinical and clinical studies for potential COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waiting Tai
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.T.); (M.Y.T.C.); (R.Y.K.C.); (P.T.); (H.-K.C.)
| | - Michael Yee Tak Chow
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.T.); (M.Y.T.C.); (R.Y.K.C.); (P.T.); (H.-K.C.)
| | - Rachel Yoon Kyung Chang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.T.); (M.Y.T.C.); (R.Y.K.C.); (P.T.); (H.-K.C.)
| | - Patricia Tang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.T.); (M.Y.T.C.); (R.Y.K.C.); (P.T.); (H.-K.C.)
| | - Igor Gonda
- Pulmoquine Therapeutics, Inc., 1155 Camino Del Mar Suite 481, Del Mar, CA 92014, USA; (I.G.); (R.B.M.)
| | - Robert B. MacArthur
- Pulmoquine Therapeutics, Inc., 1155 Camino Del Mar Suite 481, Del Mar, CA 92014, USA; (I.G.); (R.B.M.)
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.T.); (M.Y.T.C.); (R.Y.K.C.); (P.T.); (H.-K.C.)
| | - Philip Chi Lip Kwok
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.T.); (M.Y.T.C.); (R.Y.K.C.); (P.T.); (H.-K.C.)
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Lin HL, Chen CS, Fink JB, Lee GH, Huang CW, Chen JC, Chiang ZY. In Vitro Evaluation of a Vibrating-Mesh Nebulizer Repeatedly Use over 28 Days. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100971. [PMID: 33076232 PMCID: PMC7602390 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study evaluates the performance of a disposable vibrating-mesh nebulizer when used for 28 days. A lung model was used to simulate the breathing pattern of an adult with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The vibrating-mesh nebulizer was used for three treatments/day over 28 days without cleaning after each test. Results showed that the inhaled drug dose was similar during four weeks of use (p = 0.157), with 16.73 ± 4.46% at baseline and 15.29 ± 2.45%, 16.21 ± 2.21%, 17.56 ± 1.98%, and 17.13 ± 1.81%, after the first, second, third, and fourth weeks, respectively. The particle size distribution, residual drug volume, and nebulization time remained similar across four weeks of use (p = 0.110, p = 0.763, and p = 0.573, respectively). Mesh was inspected using optical microscopy and showed that approximately 50% of mesh pores were obscured after 84 runs, and light penetration through the aperture plate was significantly reduced after the 21st use (p < 0.001) with no correlation to nebulizer performance. We conclude that the vibrating-mesh nebulizer delivered doses of salbutamol solution effectively over four weeks without cleaning after each use even though the patency and clarity of the aperture plate were reduced by the first week of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Lin
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Collage of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan; (G.-H.L.); (C.-W.H.); (J.-C.C.); (Z.Y.C.)
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61301, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61301, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Chi-Shuo Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan;
| | - James B. Fink
- Aerogen Pharma Corp., San Mateo, CA 94043, USA;
- Department of Respiratory Care, University of Texas, Round Rock, TX 78665, USA
| | - Guo-Hao Lee
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Collage of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan; (G.-H.L.); (C.-W.H.); (J.-C.C.); (Z.Y.C.)
| | - Chun-Wei Huang
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Collage of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan; (G.-H.L.); (C.-W.H.); (J.-C.C.); (Z.Y.C.)
| | - Jui-Chi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Collage of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan; (G.-H.L.); (C.-W.H.); (J.-C.C.); (Z.Y.C.)
| | - Zi Yi Chiang
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Collage of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan; (G.-H.L.); (C.-W.H.); (J.-C.C.); (Z.Y.C.)
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Beck-Broichsitter M. Polymer-coated aperture plates for tailored atomization processes. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110666. [PMID: 32204093 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There is a significant industrial demand for minimizing the size of droplets for various technical applications. Herein, conformal polymer coatings were used to decrease the orifice dimensions of aperture plates to almost any desired dimension. The generated droplet size revealed a relevant impact on the final dried particle size in a spray-drying process. Likewise, the smaller droplets generated resulted in an improved lung deposition following inhalation. Overall, the current results help increase the understanding on how to manipulate the size distribution of droplets produced by actuated aperture plates, especially in the sub-10 μm range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Beck-Broichsitter
- Medical Clinic II, Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany.
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Gerde P, Nowenwik M, Sjöberg CO, Selg E. Adapting the Aerogen Mesh Nebulizer for Dried Aerosol Exposures Using the PreciseInhale Platform. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2019; 33:116-126. [PMID: 31613690 PMCID: PMC7133437 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2019.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Many substances used in inhalation research are water soluble and can be administered as nebulized solutions. Typical examples are therapeutic, small-molecular agents, or macromolecules. Another category is a number of water-soluble agents used for airway diagnostics or disease modeling. Mesh nebulizers have facilitated well-controlled liquid aerosol exposures. Meanwhile, a benchtop inhalation platform, PreciseInhale, was developed for providing small-scale, well-controlled aerosol exposures in preclinical configurations. The purpose of the current research was to adapt the Aerogen mesh nebulizer to work within the PreciseInhale system for both cell culture and rodent exposures. Methods: The wet aerosols produced with the Aerogen Pro nebulizer were dried out in an aerosol holding chamber by supplying dry carrier air, which was provided by passing the incoming ambient air through a column with silica gel. The nebulizer was installed in an aerosol holding chamber between an upstream flow-rate pneumotach and a downstream aerosol monitor. By pulsing, the nebulizer output was reduced to 1%–10% of continuous operation to better match the exposure ventilation requirements. Additional drying was obtained by mantling the holding chamber with dried paper. Results and Conclusions: The nebulizer output was reduced to 3–30 μL/min and dried out before reaching the in vitro or in vivo exposure modules. Using solute concentrations in the range of 0.5%–2% (w/w), dried aerosols were produced with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 1.5–2.0 μm, compared to the 4–5 μm droplets emitted by the nebulizer. Controlling the Aerogen nebulizer under a reduced output scheme within the PreciseInhale platform gave two major advantages: (i) by reducing aerosol output to better match exposure flow rates of single rodents, increased airway deposition yields were obtained in a range of 1%–10% relative to the nebulized amount of test substance and (ii) shrinking aerosol particle sizes through drying improved the peripheral lung deposition of test aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Gerde
- Inhalation Sciences Sweden AB, Huddinge, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Intitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ewa Selg
- Inhalation Sciences Sweden AB, Huddinge, Sweden
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Beck-Broichsitter M. Stability of Polymer Coatings on Nebulizer Membranes During Aerosol Generation. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3750-3754. [PMID: 31473213 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The dimensions of orifices found in aperture plates used for nebulization can be modified by thin polymer coatings with the aim to control the size distribution of the generated aerosol droplets. However, the stability of such polymer coatings on the surface of nebulizer membranes during aerosol generation has not been elucidated. Nebulizer membranes made of stainless steel were covered with a thin film of poly(chloro-p-xylylene) (~1 μm) in the presence or absence of a silane-based adhesion promoter. Thereby, the orifice cross-sections of the nebulizer membrane were reduced by ~50%, accompanied by a remarkable decline in droplet size. Upon continuous nebulization of aqueous test liquids, the droplet size generated by the nonconditioned (no silane), poly(chloro-p-xylylene)-coated membranes reverted to that of the uncoated nebulizer membrane within ~5 min. By contrast, no such rapid return of droplet size to "baseline" values was noticed for the silane-conditioned, poly(chloro-p-xylylene)-coated counterparts. Scanning electron microscopy exhibited significant polymer detachment from the orifices of the nonconditioned (no silane) membranes and thus confirmed the findings from laser diffraction. Overall, silane-based adhesion promoters can increase the persistence of poly(chloro-p-xylylene) coatings on nebulizer membranes during aerosol generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Beck-Broichsitter
- Medical Clinic II, Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Klinikstr. 33, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Preclinical evaluation of aerosol administration systems using Positron Emission Tomography. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 130:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nimmano N, Somavarapu S, Taylor KM. Aerosol characterisation of nebulised liposomes co-loaded with erlotinib and genistein using an abbreviated cascade impactor method. Int J Pharm 2018; 542:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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