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Mahapatra S, Polimeni M, Gentiluomo L, Roessner D, Frieß W, Peters GHJ, Streicher WW, Lund M, Harris P. Self-Interactions of Two Monoclonal Antibodies: Small-Angle X-ray Scattering, Light Scattering, and Coarse-Grained Modeling. Mol Pharm 2021; 19:508-519. [PMID: 34939811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using light scattering (LS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and coarse-grained Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, we studied the self-interactions of two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), PPI03 and PPI13. With LS measurements, we obtained the osmotic second virial coefficient, B22, and the molecular weight, Mw, of the two mAbs, while with SAXS measurements, we studied the mAbs' self-interaction behavior in the high protein concentration regime up to 125 g/L. Through SAXS-derived coarse-grained representations of the mAbs, we performed MC simulations with either a one-protein or a two-protein model to predict B22. By comparing simulation and experimental results, we validated our models and obtained insights into the mAbs' self-interaction properties, highlighting the role of both ion binding and charged patches on the mAb surfaces. Our models provide useful information about mAbs' self-interaction properties and can assist the screening of conditions driving to colloidal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Mahapatra
- Novozymes A/S, Biologiens Vej 2, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marco Polimeni
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Gentiluomo
- Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH, Hochstrasse 12a, 56307 Dernbach, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dierk Roessner
- Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH, Hochstrasse 12a, 56307 Dernbach, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frieß
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Günther H J Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Mikael Lund
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.,Advanced X-ray and Neutron Science (LINXS), Lund University, Scheelevägen 19, 22370 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pernille Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Pandurangan S, Murugesan P, Ramudu KN, Krishnaswamy B, Ayyadurai N. Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Sustained Transdermal Delivery of Collagen for Skin Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7540-7549. [PMID: 35019495 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports a method for transporting high molecular weight collagen for skin regeneration. An independent engineered enzymatic vehicle that has the ability for efficient transdermal delivery of regenerative biomaterial was developed for tissue regeneration. Collagen has been well recognized as a skin regeneration molecule due to its interaction with the extracellular matrix to stimulate skin cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. However, the transdermal delivery of collagen poses a significant challenge due to its high molecular weight as well as a lack of efficient approaches. Here, to improve the transdermal delivery efficiency, α-1,4-glycosidic hydrolase was engineered with genetically encoded 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, which enhanced its biological activity as revealed by microscale thermophoresis. The remodeled catalytic pocket resulted in enhanced substrate binding activity of the enzyme with a predominant glycosaminoglycan (chondroitin sulfate) present in the extracellular matrix of the skin. The engineered enzyme rapidly opened up the skin extracellular matrix fiber (15 min) to ferry collagen across the wall, without disturbing the cellular bundle architecture. Confocal microscopy indicated that macromolecules had diffused three times deeper into the engineered enzyme-treated skin than the native enzyme-treated skin. Gene expression, histopathology, and hematology analysis also supported the penetration of macromolecules. Cytotoxicity (mammalian cell culture) and in vivo (Caenorhabditis elegans and Rattus noryegicus) studies revealed that the congener enzyme could potentially be used as a penetration enhancer, which is of paramount importance for the multimillion cosmetic industries. Hence, it offers promise as a pharmaceutical enzyme for transdermal delivery bioenhancement and dermatological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryalakshmi Pandurangan
- Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Central Leather Research Institute Campus, Chennai 600 020, India
| | | | - Kamini Numbi Ramudu
- Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Central Leather Research Institute Campus, Chennai 600 020, India
| | | | - Niraikulam Ayyadurai
- Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Central Leather Research Institute Campus, Chennai 600 020, India
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Augustijn D, Kulakova A, Mahapatra S, Harris P, Rinnan Å. Isothermal Chemical Denaturation: Data Analysis, Error Detection, and Correction by PARAFAC2. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6958-6967. [PMID: 32323977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of a protein's conformational stability is a key step in the development of biotherapeutics, where protein unfolding leads to adverse properties, such as aggregation and loss of efficacy. Isothermal chemical denaturation (ICD) can be applied to determine chemical stability, aiming to identify the optimal solvent conditions, in terms of pH, salt concentration, and added excipients. For seven monoclonal antibodies, this study investigates the observed intrinsic protein fluorescence emission spectra as a function of denaturant concentration. Protein formulations are screened in two experimental series. We show how the peak shapes of folded and unfolded proteins are preserved under added salt (0-140 mM NaCl) and added excipients concentrations, as typically found in biotherapeutic formulations and that only minor effects in tryptophan fluorescence peak tailing are observed over a large pH range (5.5-9.0). The data of seven mAbs, where GuHCl was a suitable denaturant, are modeled using PARAFAC2. PARAFAC2, a linear decomposition method, is well suited for the data and yields robust, valid, and automated models that allow for the detection of erroneous measurements. Analysis of the errors show correlation with the well-based experimental setup, and differences in observed errors between the two experimental series. We additionally show a correction method for these outliers based on PARAFAC2 model scores, such that full transition curves can be retrieved, increasing the accuracy of any subsequent analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillen Augustijn
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Alina Kulakova
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sujata Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,Novozymes A/S, Biologiens Vej 2, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pernille Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Åsmund Rinnan
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Coyle J, Walser R. Applied Biophysical Methods in Fragment-Based Drug Discovery. SLAS DISCOVERY 2020; 25:471-490. [PMID: 32345095 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220916168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) has come of age in the last decade with the FDA approval of four fragment-derived drugs. Biophysical methods are at the heart of hit discovery and validation in FBDD campaigns. The three most commonly used methods, thermal shift, surface plasmon resonance, and nuclear magnetic resonance, can be daunting for the novice user. We aim here to provide the nonexpert user of these methods with a summary of problems and challenges that might be faced, but also highlight the potential gains that each method can contribute to an FBDD project. While our view on FBDD is slightly biased toward enabling structure-guided drug discovery, most of the points we address in this review are also valid for non-structure-focused FBDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Coyle
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, UK
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