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Jurišić Dukovski B, Ljubica J, Kocbek P, Safundžić Kučuk M, Krtalić I, Hafner A, Pepić I, Lovrić J. Towards the development of a biorelevant in vitro method for the prediction of nanoemulsion stability on the ocular surface. Int J Pharm 2023; 633:122622. [PMID: 36669582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ophthalmic oil-in-water nanoemulsions (NEs) are a complex technological platform, representing an advancement in the treatment of dry eye disease. In addition to enabling the incorporation of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), NEs provide prolonged residence time of APIs and other formulation components and consequent replenishment and stabilization of the compromised tear film. Ophthalmic NEs have been on the market for over 20 years, but considering their complexity, as well as the complex nature of the ocular surface, they are still a poorly understood advanced dosage form. The objective of this study was to develop a biorelevant in vitro method that would be able to predict the behavior of ophthalmic NEs after application. With that goal, NE formulations differing in critical material attributes and critical formulation variables were employed and subjected to simulated tear turnover and blinking. By gradually increasing the complexity of the in vitro method, we were able to detect key parameters influencing NE stability. The undertaken study presents a step forward in the development of in vitro tools that are fundamental to the reliable, cost and time-effective development of innovative and generic topical ophthalmic NEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisera Jurišić Dukovski
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Ljubica
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Kocbek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Iva Krtalić
- R&D, PLIVA Croatia Ltd, TEVA Group Member, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 25, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Hafner
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pepić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Lovrić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Temme S, Kleimann P, Grandoch M, Wang X, Peter K, Simon F, Schrader J, Flögel U. Aktives Targeting zur Visualisierung von thrombotischen Prozessen mittels 19F-MRT. GEFÄSSCHIRURGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00772-022-00961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hof S, Marcus C, Kuebart A, Schulz J, Truse R, Raupach A, Bauer I, Flögel U, Picker O, Herminghaus A, Temme S. A Toolbox to Investigate the Impact of Impaired Oxygen Delivery in Experimental Disease Models. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:869372. [PMID: 35652064 PMCID: PMC9149176 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.869372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired oxygen utilization is the underlying pathophysiological process in different shock states. Clinically most important are septic and hemorrhagic shock, which comprise more than 75% of all clinical cases of shock. Both forms lead to severe dysfunction of the microcirculation and the mitochondria that can cause or further aggravate tissue damage and inflammation. However, the detailed mechanisms of acute and long-term effects of impaired oxygen utilization are still elusive. Importantly, a defective oxygen exploitation can impact multiple organs simultaneously and organ damage can be aggravated due to intense organ cross-talk or the presence of a systemic inflammatory response. Complexity is further increased through a large heterogeneity in the human population, differences in genetics, age and gender, comorbidities or disease history. To gain a deeper understanding of the principles, mechanisms, interconnections and consequences of impaired oxygen delivery and utilization, interdisciplinary preclinical as well as clinical research is required. In this review, we provide a "tool-box" that covers widely used animal disease models for septic and hemorrhagic shock and methods to determine the structure and function of the microcirculation as well as mitochondrial function. Furthermore, we suggest magnetic resonance imaging as a multimodal imaging platform to noninvasively assess the consequences of impaired oxygen delivery on organ function, cell metabolism, alterations in tissue textures or inflammation. Combining structural and functional analyses of oxygen delivery and utilization in animal models with additional data obtained by multiparametric MRI-based techniques can help to unravel mechanisms underlying immediate effects as well as long-term consequences of impaired oxygen delivery on multiple organs and may narrow the gap between experimental preclinical research and the human patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hof
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Marcus
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Kuebart
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Schulz
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard Truse
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika Raupach
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Inge Bauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olaf Picker
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Herminghaus
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Perez AS, Zhou J, Leach B, Xu H, Lister D, Adams SR, Ahrens ET, Louie AY. Click-Ready Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsion for 19F MRI and Multimodal Cellular Detection. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 2:102-110. [PMID: 35481225 PMCID: PMC9026270 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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We describe an in vivo imaging probe platform
that is readily modifiable to accommodate binding of different molecular
targeting moieties and payloads for multimodal image generation. In
this work, we demonstrate the utility of perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoemulsions
incorporating dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) by enabling postemulsification
functionalization via a click reaction with azide-containing ligands.
The addition of DBCO-lipid to the surfactant in PFC nanoemulsions
did not affect nanoemulsion size or nanoemulsion stability. As proof-of-concept,
fluorescent dye-azides were conjugated to PFC nanoemulsions, demonstrating
the feasibility of functionalization the by click reaction. Uptake
of the fluorescent PFC by macrophages was demonstrated both in vitro in cultured macrophages and in situ in an acute inflammation mouse model, where fluorescence imaging
and 1H/19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
were used for in vivo detection. Overall, these data
demonstrate the potential of PFC nanoemulsions incorporating DBCO
as a versatile platform for generating functionalized probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S. Perez
- Chemistry Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Junhan Zhou
- Chemistry Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Benjamin Leach
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Deanne Lister
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Stephen R. Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Eric T. Ahrens
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Angelique Y. Louie
- Chemistry Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Modo M. 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy in Neuroscience. Neuroscience 2021; 474:37-50. [PMID: 33766776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
1H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has established itself as a key diagnostic technique, affording the visualization of brain anatomy, blood flow, activity and connectivity. The detection of other atoms (e.g. 19F, 23Na, 31P), so called hetero-nuclear MRI and spectroscopy (MRS), provides investigative avenues that complement and extend the richness of information that can be gained from 1H MRI. Especially 19F MRI is increasingly emerging as a multi-nuclear (1H/19F) technique that can be exploited to visualize cell migration and trafficking. The lack of a 19F background signal in the brain affords an unequivocal detection suitable for quantification. Fluorine-based contrast material can be engineered as nanoemulsions, nanocapsules, or nanoparticles to label cells in vitro or in vivo. Fluorinated blood substitutes, typically nanoemulsions, can also carry oxygen and serve as a theranostic in poorly perfused brain regions. Brain tissue concentrations of fluorinated pharmaceuticals, including inhalation anesthetics (e.g. isoflurane) and anti-depressants (e.g. fluoxetine), can also be measured using MRS. However, the low signal from these compounds provides a challenge for imaging. Further methodological advances that accelerate signal acquisition (e.g. compressed sensing, cryogenic coils) are required to expand the applications of 19F MR imaging to, for instance, determine the regional pharmacokinetics of novel fluorine-based drugs. Improvements in 19F signal detection and localization, combined with the development of novel sensitive probes, will increase the utility of these multi-nuclear studies. These advances will provide new insights into cellular and molecular processes involved in neurodegenerative disease, as well as the mode of action of pharmaceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Modo
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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MRI-based molecular imaging of epicardium-derived stromal cells (EpiSC) by peptide-mediated active targeting. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21669. [PMID: 33303866 PMCID: PMC7728754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
After myocardial infarction (MI), epicardial cells reactivate their embryonic program, proliferate and migrate into the damaged tissue to differentiate into fibroblasts, endothelial cells and, if adequately stimulated, to cardiomyocytes. Targeting epicardium-derived stromal cells (EpiSC) by specific ligands might enable the direct imaging of EpiSCs after MI to better understand their biology, but also may permit the cell-specific delivery of small molecules to improve the post-MI healing process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify specific peptides by phage display screening to enable EpiSC specific cargo delivery by active targeting. To this end, we utilized a sequential panning of a phage library on cultured rat EpiSCs and then subtracted phage that nonspecifically bound blood immune cells. EpiSC specific phage were analyzed by deep sequencing and bioinformatics analysis to identify a total of 78 300 ± 31 900 different, EpiSC-specific, peptide insertion sequences. Flow cytometry of the five most highly abundant peptides (EP1, -2, -3, -7 or EP9) showed strong binding to EpiSCs but not to blood immune cells. The best binding properties were found for EP9 which was further studied by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). SPR revealed rapid and stable association of EpiSCs with EP9. As a negative control, THP-1 monocytes did not associate with EP9. Coupling of EP9 to perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions (PFCs) resulted in the efficient delivery of 19F cargo to EpiSCs and enabled their visualization by 19F MRI. Moreover, active targeting of EpiSCs by EP9-labelled PFCs was able to outcompete the strong phagocytic uptake of PFCs by circulating monocytes. In summary, we have identified a 7-mer peptide, (EP9) that binds to EpiSCs with high affinity and specificity. This peptide can be used to deliver small molecule cargos such as contrast agents to permit future in vivo tracking of EpiSCs by molecular imaging and to transfer small pharmaceutical molecules to modulate the biological activity of EpiSCs.
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Bouvain P, Temme S, Flögel U. Hot spot 19 F magnetic resonance imaging of inflammation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1639. [PMID: 32380579 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Among the preclinical molecular imaging approaches, lately fluorine (19 F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has garnered significant scientific interest in the biomedical research community, due to the unique properties of fluorinated materials and the 19 F nucleus. Fluorine is an intrinsically sensitive nucleus for MRI-there is negligible endogenous 19 F in the body and, thus, no background signal which allows the detection of fluorinated materials as "hot spots" by combined 1 H/19 F MRI and renders fluorine-containing molecules as ideal tracers with high specificity. In addition, perfluorocarbons are a family of compounds that exhibit a very high fluorine payload and are biochemically as well as physiologically inert. Perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions (PFCs) are well known to be readily taken up by immunocompetent cells, which can be exploited for the unequivocal identification of inflammatory foci by tracking the recruitment of PFC-loaded immune cells to affected tissues using 1 H/19 F MRI. The required 19 F labeling of immune cells can be accomplished either ex vivo by PFC incubation of isolated endogenous immune cells followed by their re-injection or by intravenous application of PFCs for in situ uptake by circulating immune cells. With both approaches, inflamed tissues can unambiguously be detected via background-free 19 F signals due to trafficking of PFC-loaded immune cells to affected organs. To extend 19 F MRI tracking beyond cells with phagocytic properties, the PFC surface can further be equipped with distinct ligands to generate specificity against epitopes and/or types of immune cells independent of phagocytosis. Recent developments also allow for concurrent detection of different PFCs with distinct spectral signatures allowing the simultaneous visualization of several targets, such as various immune cell subtypes labeled with these PFCs. Since ligands and targets can easily be adapted to a variety of problems, this approach provides a general and versatile platform for inflammation imaging which will strongly extend the frontiers of molecular MRI. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bouvain
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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