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Rohira H, Shankar S, Yadav S, Srivastava PP, Minocha S, Vaddavalli PK, Shah SG, Chugh A. RiTe conjugate mediated corneal collagen crosslinking, a novel therapeutic intervention for keratoconus - in vitro and in vivo study. Int J Pharm 2024; 656:124092. [PMID: 38583820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) is an effective method to halt the disease progression of keratoconus, a progressive corneal dystrophy leading to cone shaped cornea. Despite the efficacy of standard protocol, the concerning step of this procedure is epithelial debridement performed to facilitate the entry of riboflavin drug. Riboflavin, a key molecule in CXL protocol, is a sparsely permeable hydrophilic drug in corneal tissues. The present study has employed cell penetrating peptide (CPP), Tat2, to enhance the penetration of riboflavin molecule, and thereby improve currently followed CXL protocol. This study demonstrates approximately two-fold enhanced uptake of CPP riboflavin conjugate, Tat2riboflavin-5'Phosphate (RiTe conjugate), both in vitro and in vivo. Two different CXL protocols (Epi ON and Epi OFF) have been introduced and implemented in rabbit corneas using RiTe conjugate in the present study. The standard and RiTe conjugate mediated CXL procedures exhibited an equivalent extent of crosslinking in both the methods. Reduced keratocyte loss and no endothelial damage in RiTe conjugate mediated CXL further ascertains the safety of the proposed CXL protocols. Therefore, RiTe conjugate mediated CXL protocols present as potential alternatives to the standard keratoconus treatment in providing equally effective, less invasive and patient compliant treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Rohira
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sujithra Shankar
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shikha Yadav
- National Institute of Biologicals, NOIDA, Uttar Pradesh 201309, India
| | - Priyanka P Srivastava
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shilpi Minocha
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | | | - Sushmita G Shah
- Dr C M Shah Memorial Charitable Trust - Netra Mandir, Madona Colony Road, Borivali West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400092, India.
| | - Archana Chugh
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Designing Formulation Strategies for Enhanced Stability of Therapeutic Peptides in Aqueous Solutions: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030935. [PMID: 36986796 PMCID: PMC10056213 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been a tremendous increase in the utilization of therapeutic peptides. Therapeutic peptides are usually administered via the parenteral route, requiring an aqueous formulation. Unfortunately, peptides are often unstable in aqueous solutions, affecting stability and bioactivity. Although a stable and dry formulation for reconstitution might be designed, from a pharmaco-economic and practical convenience point of view, a peptide formulation in an aqueous liquid form is preferred. Designing formulation strategies that optimize peptide stability may improve bioavailability and increase therapeutic efficacy. This literature review provides an overview of various degradation pathways and formulation strategies to stabilize therapeutic peptides in aqueous solutions. First, we introduce the major peptide stability issues in liquid formulations and the degradation mechanisms. Then, we present a variety of known strategies to inhibit or slow down peptide degradation. Overall, the most practical approaches to peptide stabilization are pH optimization and selecting the appropriate type of buffer. Other practical strategies to reduce peptide degradation rates in solution are the application of co-solvency, air exclusion, viscosity enhancement, PEGylation, and using polyol excipients.
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Singh H, Pragya P, Mittal A, Haridas V. Pseudopeptosomes: non-lipidated vesicular assemblies from bispidine-appended pseudopeptides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:3557-3566. [PMID: 36883655 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00201b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel molecular topology-based approach for creating reproducible vesicular assemblies in different solvent environments (including aqueous) using specifically designed pseudopeptides. Deviating from the classical "polar head group and hydrophobic tail" model of amphiphiles, we showed (reversible) self-assembly of synthesized pseudopeptides into vesicles. Naming these new type/class of vesicles "pseudopetosomes", we characterized them by high-resolution microscopy (scanning electron, transmission electron, atomic force, epifluorescence and confocal) along with dynamic light scattering. While accounting for hydropathy index of the constituent amino acids (side chains) of pseudopeptides, we probed molecular interactions, resulting in assembly of pseudopeptosomes by spectroscopy (fourier-transform infrared and fluorescence). Molecular characterization by X-ray crystallography and circular dichroism revealed "tryptophan (Trp)-Zip" arrangements and/or hydrogen-bonded one-dimensional assembly depending on specific pseudopeptides and solvent environments. Our data indicated that pseudopeptosomes are formed in solutions by self-assembly of bispidine pseudopeptides (of Trp, leucine and alanine amino-acid constituents) into sheets that transform into vesicular structures. Thus, we showed that assembly of pseudopeptosomes utilizes the full spectrum of all four weak interactions essential in biological systems. Our findings have direct implications in chemical and synthetic biology, but may also provide a new avenue of investigations on origins of life via pseudopeptosome-like assemblies. We also showed that these designer peptides can act as carriers for cellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanuman Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India.
| | - Pragya Pragya
- Kusuma School of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Aditya Mittal
- Kusuma School of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India. .,Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology (SCFBio), IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - V Haridas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India.
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Chen X, Yang R, Shen J, Huang Q, Wu Z. Research Progress of Bioinspired Nanostructured Systems for the Treatment of Ocular Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010096. [PMID: 36678597 PMCID: PMC9865244 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
How to enhance the bioavailability and prolong the residence time of drugs in the eye present the major barriers to traditional eye delivery. Nanotechnology has been widely used in ocular drug delivery systems because of its advantages of minimizing adverse reactions, decreasing the frequency of administration, prolonging the release time, and improving the bioavailability of the drug in the eye. As natural product-based nanostructured systems, bioinspired nanostructured systems have presented as less toxic, easy to prepare, and cost-effective and have potential application value in the field of nanotechnology. A systematic classification of bioinspired nanostructured systems based on their inspiration source and formulation and their brief applications in disease are presented here. A review of recent research progress of the bioinspired nanostructured systems for the treatment of the anterior and posterior segment of ocular disorders is then presented in detail. Finally, current challenges and future directions with regard to manufacturing bioinspired nanomaterials are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214002, China
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jinyan Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi 214002, China
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (Z.W.)
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Liu Y, Zhao Z, Li M. Overcoming the cellular barriers and beyond: Recent progress on cell penetrating peptide modified nanomedicine in combating physiological and pathological barriers. Asian J Pharm Sci 2022; 17:523-543. [PMID: 36105313 PMCID: PMC9458999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex physiological and pathological conditions form barriers against efficient drug delivery. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), a class of short peptides which translocate drugs across cell membranes with various mechanisms, provide feasible solutions for efficient delivery of biologically active agents to circumvent biological barriers. After years of development, the function of CPPs is beyond cell penetrating. Multifunctional CPPs with bioactivity or active targeting capacity have been designed and successfully utilized in delivery of various cargoes against tumor, myocardial ischemia, ocular posterior segment disorders, etc. In this review, we summarize recent progress in CPP-functionalized nano-drug delivery systems to overcome the physiological and pathological barriers for the applications in cardiology, ophtalmology, mucus, neurology and cancer, etc. We also highlight the prospect of clinical translation of CPP-functionalized drug delivery systems in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Corresponding authors.
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