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Lactoferrin and Its Potential Impact for the Relief of Pain: A Preclinical Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090868. [PMID: 34577568 PMCID: PMC8468947 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is one of the most disabling symptoms of several clinical conditions. Neurobiologically, it is classified as nociceptive, inflammatory, neuropathic and dysfunctional. Opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are conventionally prescribed for the treatment of pain. Long-term administration of opioids results in the loss of analgesic efficacy, leading to increased dosage, tolerance, and addiction as the main drawbacks of their use, while the adverse effects of NSAIDs include gastric ulcer formation, intestinal bleeding, acute kidney injury, and hepatotoxicity. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding, anti-inflammatory glycoprotein that displays analgesic activities associated, in part, by interacting with the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), which may result in the regulation of the DAMP-TRAF6-NFκB, NO-cGMP-ATP K+-sensitive channel and opioid receptor signaling pathways. This review summarizes and discusses for the first time the analgesic effects of lactoferrin and its presumable mechanisms based on pre-clinical trials. Given its anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, lactoferrin may be used as an adjunct to enhance the efficacy and to decrease the tolerogenic effects of canonical therapeutic drugs prescribed for pain treatment.
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Gomes FIF, Cunha FQ, Cunha TM. Peripheral nitric oxide signaling directly blocks inflammatory pain. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113862. [PMID: 32081790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a classical sign of inflammation, and sensitization of primary sensory neurons (PSN) is the most important mediating mechanism. This mechanism involves direct action of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and sympathetic amines. Pharmacologic control of inflammatory pain is based on two principal strategies: (i) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs targeting inhibition of prostaglandin production by cyclooxygenases and preventing nociceptor sensitization in humans and animals; (ii) opioids and dipyrone that directly block nociceptor sensitization via activation of the NO signaling pathway. This review summarizes basic concepts of inflammatory pain that are necessary to understand the mechanisms of peripheral NO signaling that promote peripheral analgesia; we also discuss therapeutic perspectives based on the modulation of the NO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Isaac F Gomes
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Shiga Y, Murata D, Sugimoto A, Oshima Y, Tada M, Ishii-Watabe A, Imai K, Tomii K, Takeuchi T, Kagaya S, Sato A. Hinge-Deficient IgG1 Fc Fusion: Application to Human Lactoferrin. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3025-3035. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shiga
- School
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Daisuke Murata
- School
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Akinori Sugimoto
- School
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Yuta Oshima
- School
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Minoru Tada
- Division
of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishii-Watabe
- Division
of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Imai
- Artificial
Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
- Biotechnology
Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tomii
- Artificial
Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
- Biotechnology
Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeuchi
- Department
of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Shinji Kagaya
- NRL Pharma, Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- School
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
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Abstract
Tapentadol, a new analgesic drug with a dual mechanism of action (μ-opioid receptor agonism and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition), is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe acute and chronic pain. In this paper, the possible additional involvement of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) system in the antinociceptive activity of tapentadol was investigated using an unspecific inhibitor of NOS, L-NOArg, a relatively specific inhibitor of neuronal NOS, 7-NI, a relatively selective inhibitor of inducible NOS, L-NIL, and a potent inhibitor of endothelial NOS, L-NIO. Tapentadol (1-10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) increased the threshold for mechanical (Randall-Selitto test) and thermal (tail-flick test) nociceptive stimuli in a dose-dependent manner. All four NOS inhibitors, administered intraperitoneally in the dose range 0.1-10 mg/kg, potentiated the analgesic action of tapentadol at a low dose of 2 mg/kg in both models of pain. We conclude that NOS systems participate in tapentadol analgesia.
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Shiga Y, Oshima Y, Kojima Y, Sugimoto A, Tamaki N, Murata D, Takeuchi T, Sato A. Recombinant human lactoferrin-Fc fusion with an improved plasma half-life. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 67:136-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tavares T, Spindola H, Longato G, Pintado M, Carvalho J, Malcata F. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of novel dietary protein hydrolysate produced from whey by proteases of Cynara cardunculus. Int Dairy J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Cury Y, Picolo G, Gutierrez VP, Ferreira SH. Pain and analgesia: The dual effect of nitric oxide in the nociceptive system. Nitric Oxide 2011; 25:243-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Anti-nociceptive effect of bovine milk-derived lactoferrin in a rat lumbar disc herniation model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2010; 35:1663-7. [PMID: 21374893 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e3181c9a8e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN An experimental animal study. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the efficacy of lactoferrin (LF) compared with diclofenac to reduce the pain, using a rat lumbar disc herniation model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA LF is a multifunctional protein that is found in milk. Recent studies have reported that LF reduces nociception in various experimental models. METHODS Rats were operated on the left L5 vertebral arch. The left L5 nerve root and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were exposed by a L5 partial laminectomy. An L-shaped stainless steel rod was inserted from the laminectomy toward the intervertebral foramen to compress the nerve root. In addition, nucleus pulposus from coccygeal discs was applied on the nerve root. At 1 day before operation, all rats were tested regarding the withdrawal threshold of the left plantar surface using von Frey filaments to determine baseline values. Additional von Frey tests were performed on postoperative days 3, 7, 14, and 21. Thirty minutes before each test except for baseline, the rats received LF (100 mg/kg), diclofenac (10 mg/kg), or saline by intraperitoneal injection (n = 6). RESULTS As compared with the control group, thresholds of rats in the diclofenac group were significantly higher on postoperative days 3 and 7. However, on postoperative days 14 and 21, there were no significant differences. Thresholds of rats in the LF group were significantly higher on all postoperative days compared with the control group. CONCLUSION Analgesic effect of diclofenac reduced with time. However, the effect of LF continued during the whole experimental period. LF might become useful as pain-killer.
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Zimecki M, Artym J, Kocieba M. Endogenous steroids are responsible for lactoferrin-induced myelopoiesis in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2010; 61:705-10. [PMID: 19815953 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that lactoferrin (LF) significantly increases mobilization of the myelocytic lineage in mice. The aim of our current investigation was to determine whether activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis contributes to this phenomenon. We found that intravenous (iv) injection of LF (10 mg) caused a 48.8% increase in the circulating blood leukocyte count and increased the proportion of the myelocytic lineage (band forms, 10-fold and neutrophils, 2-fold) 24 h post injection. The content of the myelocytic lineage (myelocytes, metamyelocytes, bands and neutrophils) in bone marrow rose from 51.6 to 63.4%. In addition, administration of LF led to a decrease in total thymocyte number by 41.6%. Analogous changes in cell types and numbers in adrenalectomized mice following LF injection were minor. Mifepristone, a blocker of steroid receptors, reversed the effects of LF on leukocyte cell number and bone marrow cell composition. Finally, we showed that LF induced a rise in the serum levels of corticosterone in control but not adrenalectomized mice.We conclude that LF-induced upregulation of endogenous steroid levels is responsible for the stimulation of myelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Zimecki
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, PL 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
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Interactions between morphine and nitric oxide in various organs. J Anesth 2009; 23:554-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-009-0793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Wang J, Zhang LC, Lv YW, Ji Y, Yan XJ, Xue JP. Involvement of the nitric oxide-cyclic GMP-protein kinase G-K+ channel pathway in the antihyperalgesic effects of bovine lactoferrin in a model of neuropathic pain. Brain Res 2008; 1209:1-7. [PMID: 18406400 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The possible involvement of the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG) pathway on bovine lactoferrin (BLF)-induced spinal antihyperalgesic activity was elucidated in sciatic nerve injured rats. Intrathecal BLF reduced thermal hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with NG-L-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, non-specific inhibitor of NO synthase), 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, neuronal NO synthase inhibitor), 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo [4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, guanylyl-cyclase inhibitor), (9S, 10R, 12R)-2,3,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-10-methoxy-2, 9-dimethyl-1-oxo-9, 12-epoxy-1H-diindolo-[1,2,3-fg:3',2',1'-kl]pyrrolo[3,4-i][1,6]benzodiazocine-10-carboxylic acid methyl ester (KT-5823, specific PKG inhibitor) or glybenclamide (ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker), but not NG-D-nitro-arginine methyl ester (D-NAME, an inactive enantiomer of l-NAME), d-Phe-Cys-Tyr-d-Trp-Orn-Thr-NH2 (CTOP, selective mu-opioid receptor antagonist) or naloxone (nonselective opioid receptor antagonist) prevented BLF-induced antihyperalgesia. Data suggest that BLF-induced spinal antihyperalgesia could be due to activation of the NO-cGMP-PKG-K+ channel pathway and it is not mediated by mu-opioid receptor in a model of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
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Moreno-Navarrete JM, Ortega FJ, Bassols J, Castro A, Ricart W, Fernández-Real JM. Association of circulating lactoferrin concentration and 2 nonsynonymous LTF gene polymorphisms with dyslipidemia in men depends on glucose-tolerance status. Clin Chem 2007; 54:301-9. [PMID: 18156281 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.095943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactoferrin, an innate immune protein with antiinflammatory properties, shows considerable antiatherosclerosis activity in animal studies. We investigated the relationship between circulating lactoferrin, lactoferrin gene (LTF, lactotransferrin) polymorphisms, dyslipidemia, and vascular reactivity in the context of glucose-tolerance status in men. METHODS We evaluated 2 nonsynonymous LTF polymorphisms (rs1126477 and rs1126478) and measured circulating lactoferrin concentrations by ELISA under nonstressed conditions in healthy Caucasian men (n = 188) and male patients with an altered glucose tolerance (n = 202). We also studied the association of lactoferrin concentration with vascular reactivity via high-resolution ultrasound analysis of the brachial artery in a subsample of study participants. RESULTS Circulating lactoferrin concentration was inversely associated with fasting triglyceride concentration (r = -0.24; P = 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (r = -0.20; P = 0.007), waist-to-hip ratio (r = -0.35; P <0.001), and fasting glucose concentration (r = -0.18; P = 0.01), and directly correlated with HDL cholesterol concentration (r = 0.21; P = 0.004). Control AG heterozygotes for rs1126477 had significantly decreased fasting triglyceride concentrations (P = 0.001). Similarly, control individuals who were G carriers for rs1126478 had significantly lower fasting triglyceride concentrations (P = 0.044) and significantly higher HDL cholesterol concentrations (P = 0.028) than AA homozygotes. These associations remained significant after controlling for age, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting glucose concentration, smoking status, and alcohol intake. Circulating lactoferrin concentration was not significantly associated with endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDVD) in the individuals studied (n = 95); however, lactoferrin was positively associated with EDVD in obese participants with an altered glucose tolerance (r = 0.54; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS We have identified associations among LTF polymorphisms, circulating lactoferrin concentration, fasting triglyceride concentration, and vascular reactivity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Maria Moreno-Navarrete
- Unit of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Girona, Spain
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Tsuchiya T, Takeuchi T, Hayashida KI, Shimizu H, Ando K, Harada E. Milk-derived lactoferrin may block tolerance to morphine analgesia. Brain Res 2006; 1068:102-8. [PMID: 16380099 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Revised: 10/29/2005] [Accepted: 11/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein that is widely found in milk, blood, and other biological fluids. In the present study, we investigated the possibility that LF may block a tolerance to morphine-induced analgesia in the mouse. The nociceptive effect of bovine milk-derived LF (bLF) was estimated in the mouse tail-flick test. Although an intraperitoneal (100 mg/kg) or an oral (300 mg/kg) administration of bLF did not show remarkable analgesia, a combination with intraperitoneal administration of morphine (3 mg/kg) strikingly enhanced morphine-induced analgesia. Moreover, repeated administration of morphine at doses of 3 mg/kg (ip) or 5 mg/kg (ip) caused a tolerance to the morphine on the 5th or 7th day, respectively. In contrast, the combination of bLF (100 mg/kg, ip) with morphine (3 mg/kg, ip) retarded the development of tolerance to the 9th day, although bLF did not show any effect on the mice that had obtained tolerance to morphine. Furthermore, the potentiative effect of bLF was partially blocked by pre-treatment with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nonselective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and completely blocked by 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a selective neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibitor. Methylene blue (MB), a guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitor, also dose-dependently prevented the potentiative effect of bLF. These results suggest that bLF selectively activates nNOS and then accelerates NO production. The increased NO in turn modulates the GC activity and finally enhances the endogenous opioid system via cyclic guanosine monophosphate production. We conclude that bLF may block the development of tolerance to morphine in mice, possibly via the selective activation of nNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Tsuchiya
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0945, Japan
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Abstract
This paper is the 27th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over 30 years of research. It summarizes papers published during 2004 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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