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Xu L, Lin W, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Chen Z. The Diverse Network of Brain Histamine in Feeding: Dissect its Functions in a Circuit-Specific Way. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:241-259. [PMID: 36424776 PMCID: PMC10788888 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221117153755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding is an intrinsic and important behavior regulated by complex molecular, cellular and circuit-level mechanisms, one of which is the brain histaminergic network. In the past decades, many studies have provided a foundation of knowledge about the relationship between feeding and histamine receptors, which are deemed to have therapeutic potential but are not successful in treating feeding- related diseases. Indeed, the histaminergic circuits underlying feeding are poorly understood and characterized. This review describes current knowledge of histamine in feeding at the receptor level. Further, we provide insight into putative histamine-involved feeding circuits based on the classic feeding circuits. Understanding the histaminergic network in a circuit-specific way may be therapeutically relevant for increasing the drug specificity and precise treatment in feeding-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Xu
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenkai Lin
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Khouma A, Moeini MM, Plamondon J, Richard D, Caron A, Michael NJ. Histaminergic regulation of food intake. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1202089. [PMID: 37448468 PMCID: PMC10338010 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1202089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a biogenic amine that acts as a neuromodulator within the brain. In the hypothalamus, histaminergic signaling contributes to the regulation of numerous physiological and homeostatic processes, including the regulation of energy balance. Histaminergic neurons project extensively throughout the hypothalamus and two histamine receptors (H1R, H3R) are strongly expressed in key hypothalamic nuclei known to regulate energy homeostasis, including the paraventricular (PVH), ventromedial (VMH), dorsomedial (DMH), and arcuate (ARC) nuclei. The activation of different histamine receptors is associated with differential effects on neuronal activity, mediated by their different G protein-coupling. Consequently, activation of H1R has opposing effects on food intake to that of H3R: H1R activation suppresses food intake, while H3R activation mediates an orexigenic response. The central histaminergic system has been implicated in atypical antipsychotic-induced weight gain and has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity. It has also been demonstrated to interact with other major regulators of energy homeostasis, including the central melanocortin system and the adipose-derived hormone leptin. However, the exact mechanisms by which the histaminergic system contributes to the modification of these satiety signals remain underexplored. The present review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the central histaminergic system's role in regulating feeding and highlights unanswered questions remaining in our knowledge of the functionality of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Khouma
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Moein Minbashi Moeini
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Plamondon
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Natalie Jane Michael
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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3
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Mika K, Szafarz M, Zadrożna M, Nowak B, Bednarski M, Szczepańska K, Pociecha K, Kubacka M, Nicosia N, Juda I, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Kotańska M. KSK-74: Dual Histamine H3 and Sigma-2 Receptor Ligand with Anti-Obesity Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137011. [PMID: 35806019 PMCID: PMC9266460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies involving compounds that enhance histamine release, such as histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists, have shown efficacy in inhibiting weight gain, but none have passed clinical trials. As part of the search for H3 receptor ligands that have additional properties, the aim of this study is to evaluate the activity in the reduction in weight gain in a rat model of excessive eating, as well as the impact on selected metabolic parameters, and the number and size of adipocytes of two new H3R antagonists, KSK-60 and KSK-74, which also exert a significant affinity at the sigma-2 receptor. Compounds KSK-60 and KSK-74 are homologues and the elongation of the distal part of the molecule resulted in an approximate two-fold reduction in affinity at H3R, but simultaneously an almost two-fold increase in affinity at the sigma-2 receptor. Animals fed palatable feed and receiving KSK-60 or KSK-74 both at 10 mg/kg b.w. gained significantly less weight than animals in the control obese group. Moreover, KSK-74 significantly compensated for metabolic disturbances that accompany obesity, such as an increase in plasma triglyceride, resistin, and leptin levels; improved glucose tolerance; and protected experimental animals against adipocyte hypertrophy. Furthermore, KSK-74 inhibited the development of inflammation in obesity-exposed adipose tissue. The in vivo pharmacological activity of the tested ligands appears to correlate with the affinity at the sigma-2 receptors; however, the explanation of this phenomenon requires further and extended research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Mika
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (M.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Monika Zadrożna
- Department of Cytobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (M.Z.); (B.N.); (I.J.)
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Department of Cytobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (M.Z.); (B.N.); (I.J.)
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Technology and Biotechnology of Medical Remedies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.S.); (K.K.-K.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Cracow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pociecha
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (M.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Monika Kubacka
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Noemi Nicosia
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
- Foundation “Prof. Antonio Imbesi”, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Izabela Juda
- Department of Cytobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (M.Z.); (B.N.); (I.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Technology and Biotechnology of Medical Remedies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.S.); (K.K.-K.)
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-12-6205530
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Di Ciano P, Hendershot CS, Le Foll B. Therapeutic Potential of Histamine H3 Receptors in Substance Use Disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 59:169-191. [PMID: 35704272 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and available pharmacological treatments are of modest efficacy. Histamine is a biogenic amine with four types of receptors. The histamine H3 receptor (H3R) is an autoreceptor and also an heteroreceptor. H3Rs are highly expressed in the basal ganglia, hippocampus and cortex, and regulate a number of neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, GABA and dopamine. Its function and localization suggest that the H3R may be relevant to a number of psychiatric disorders and could represent a potential therapeutic target for substance use disorders. The purpose of the present review is to summarize preclinical studies investigating the effects of H3R agonists and antagonists on animal models of alcohol, nicotine and psychostimulant use. At present, the effects of H3R antagonists such as thioperamide, pitolisant or ciproxifan have been investigated in drug-induced locomotion, conditioned place preference, drug self-administration, reinstatement, sensitization and drug discrimination. For alcohol and nicotine, the effects of H3R ligands on two-bottle choice and memory tasks, respectively, have also been investigated. The results of these studies are inconsistent. For alcohol, H3R antagonists generally decreased the reward-related properties of ethanol, which suggests that H3R antagonists may be effective as a treatment option for alcohol use disorder. However, the effects of H3R antagonists on nicotine and psychostimulant motivation and reward are less clear. H3R antagonists potentiated the abuse-related properties of nicotine, but only a handful of studies have been conducted. For psychostimulants, evidence is mixed and suggests that more research is needed to establish whether H3R antagonists are a viable therapeutic option. The fact that different drugs of abuse have different brain targets may explain the differential effects of H3R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Di Ciano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christian S Hendershot
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Krief S, Berrebi‐Bertrand I, Nagmar I, Giret M, Belliard S, Perrin D, Uguen M, Robert P, Lecomte J, Schwartz J, Finance O, Ligneau X. Pitolisant, a wake-promoting agent devoid of psychostimulant properties: Preclinical comparison with amphetamine, modafinil, and solriamfetol. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00855. [PMID: 34423920 PMCID: PMC8381683 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several therapeutic options are currently available to treat excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in patients suffering from narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea. However, there are no comparisons between the various wake-promoting agents in terms of mechanism of action, efficacy, or safety. The goal of this study was to compare amphetamine, modafinil, solriamfetol, and pitolisant at their known primary pharmacological targets, histamine H3 receptors (H3R), dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters, and in various in vivo preclinical models in relation to neurochemistry, locomotion, behavioral sensitization, and food intake. Results confirmed that the primary pharmacological effect of amphetamine, modafinil, and solriamfetol was to increase central dopamine neurotransmission, in part by inhibiting its transporter. Furthermore, solriamfetol increased levels of extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, and decreased the 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC)/DA ratio in the striatum, as reported for modafinil and amphetamine. All these compounds produced hyperlocomotion, behavioral sensitization, and hypophagia, which are common features of psychostimulants and of compounds with abuse potential. In contrast, pitolisant, a selective and potent H3R antagonist/inverse agonist that promotes wakefulness, had no effect on striatal dopamine, locomotion, or food intake. In addition, pitolisant, devoid of behavioral sensitization by itself, attenuated the hyperlocomotion induced by either modafinil or solriamfetol. Therefore, pitolisant presents biochemical, neurochemical, and behavioral profiles different from those of amphetamine and other psychostimulants such as modafinil or solriamfetol. In conclusion, pitolisant is a differentiated therapeutic option, when compared with psychostimulants, for the treatment of EDS, as this agent does not show any amphetamine-like properties within in vivo preclinical models.
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6
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Falkenstein M, Elek M, Stark H. Chemical Probes for Histamine Receptor Subtypes. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 59:29-76. [PMID: 34595743 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ligands with different properties and different selectivity are highly needed for in vitro and in vivo studies on the (patho)physiological influence of the chemical mediator histamine and its receptor subtypes. A selection of well-described ligands for the different receptor subtypes and different studies is shown with a particular focus on affinity and selectivity. In addition, compounds with radioactive or fluorescence elements will be presented with their beneficial use for other species or different investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Falkenstein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Milica Elek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Le TM, Huynh T, Bamou FZ, Szekeres A, Fülöp F, Szakonyi Z. Novel (+)-Neoisopulegol-Based O-Benzyl Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5626. [PMID: 34073167 PMCID: PMC8198684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of novel antibacterial agents with new structures, which combat pathogens is an urgent task. In this study, a new library of (+)-neoisopulegol-based O-benzyl derivatives of aminodiols and aminotriols was designed and synthesized, and their antimicrobial activity against different bacterial and fungal strains were evaluated. The results showed that this new series of synthetic O-benzyl compounds exhibit potent antimicrobial activity. Di-O-benzyl derivatives showed high activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, but moderate activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, these compounds may serve a good basis for antibacterial and antifungal drug discovery. Structure-activity relationships were also studied from the aspects of stereochemistry of the O-benzyl group on cyclohexane ring and the substituent effects on the ring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam Minh Le
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellent Center, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.M.L.); (F.Z.B.); (F.F.)
- Stereochemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Thu Huynh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (T.H.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biotecnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 72607, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 71351, Vietnam
| | - Fatima Zahra Bamou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellent Center, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.M.L.); (F.Z.B.); (F.F.)
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (T.H.); (A.S.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Natural Products, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellent Center, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.M.L.); (F.Z.B.); (F.F.)
- Stereochemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szakonyi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellent Center, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.M.L.); (F.Z.B.); (F.F.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Natural Products, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Szczepańska K, Pockes S, Podlewska S, Höring C, Mika K, Latacz G, Bednarski M, Siwek A, Karcz T, Nagl M, Bresinsky M, Mönnich D, Seibel U, Kuder KJ, Kotańska M, Stark H, Elz S, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Structural modifications in the distal, regulatory region of histamine H 3 receptor antagonists leading to the identification of a potent anti-obesity agent. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113041. [PMID: 33261900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of 4-pyridylpiperazine derivatives with varying regulatory region substituents proved to be potent histamine H3 receptor (H3R) ligands in the nanomolar concentration range. The most influential modification that affected the affinity toward the H3R appeared by introducing electron-withdrawing moieties into the distal aromatic ring. In order to finally discuss the influence of the characteristic 4-pyridylpiperazine moiety on H3R affinity, two Ciproxifan analogues 2 and 3 with a slight modification in their basic part were obtained. The replacement of piperazine in 3 with piperidine in compound 2, led to slightly reduced affinity towards the H3R (Ki = 3.17 and 7.70 nM, respectively). In fact, 3 showed the highest antagonistic properties among all compounds in this series, hence affirming our previous assumptions, that the 4-pyridylpiperazine moiety is the key element for suitable interaction with the human histamine H3 receptor. While its structural replacement to piperidine is also tolerated for H3R binding, the heteroaromatic 4-pyridyl moiety seems to be essential for proper ligand-receptor interaction. The putative protein-ligand interactions responsible for their high affinity were demonstrated using molecular modeling techniques. Furthermore, selectivity, intrinsic activity at the H3R, as well as drug-like properties of ligands were evaluated using in vitro methods. Moreover, pharmacological in vivo test results of compound 9 (structural analogue of Abbott's A-331440) clearly indicate that it may affect the amount of calories consumed, thus act as an anorectic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Sabina Podlewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland; Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, Kraków, 31-343, Poland
| | - Carina Höring
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kamil Mika
- Department of Department of Pharmacological Screening, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Department of Pharmacological Screening, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Martin Nagl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Merlin Bresinsky
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denise Mönnich
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulla Seibel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kamil J Kuder
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Department of Pharmacological Screening, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sigurd Elz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland.
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9
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Díaz NF, Flores-Herrera H, García-López G, Molina-Hernández A. Central Histamine, the H3-Receptor and Obesity Therapy. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:516-522. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190703094846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The brain histaminergic system plays a pivotal role in energy homeostasis, through H1-
receptor activation, it increases the hypothalamic release of histamine that decreases food intake and
reduces body weight. One way to increase the release of hypothalamic histamine is through the use of
antagonist/inverse agonist for the H3-receptor. Histamine H3-receptors are auto-receptors and heteroreceptors
located on the presynaptic membranes and cell soma of neurons, where they negatively regulate
the synthesis and release of histamine and other neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.
Although several compounds acting as H3-receptor antagonist/inverse agonists have been developed,
conflicting results have been reported and only one has been tested as anti-obesity in humans. Animal
studies revealed the opposite effect in food intake, energy expeditor, and body weight, depending on
the drug, spice, and route of administration, among others. The present review will explore the state of
art on the effects of H3-receptor ligands on appetite and body-weight, going through the following: a
brief overview of the circuit involved in the control of food intake and energy homeostasis, the participation
of the histaminergic system in food intake and body weight, and the H3-receptor as a potential
therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor F. Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiologia y Desarrollo Celular, Laboratorio de Investigacion en Celulas Troncales y Biologia del Desarrollo, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Miguel Hidalgo, 11000 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Héctor Flores-Herrera
- Departamento de Inmunobioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Miguel Hidalgo, 11000 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe García-López
- Departamento de Fisiologia y Desarrollo Celular, Laboratorio de Investigacion en Celulas Troncales y Biologia del Desarrollo, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Miguel Hidalgo, 11000 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Anayansi Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiologia y Desarrollo Celular, Laboratorio de Investigacion en Celulas Troncales y Biologia del Desarrollo, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Miguel Hidalgo, 11000 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Kotańska M, Mika K, Reguła K, Szczepańska K, Szafarz M, Bednarski M, Olejarz-Maciej A, Nowak K, Latacz G, Mogilski S, Kuder KJ, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Sapa J. KSK19 – Novel histamine H3 receptor ligand reduces body weight in diet induced obese mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:193-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Discovery of novel steroidal histamine H3 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists. Part 2. Versatile steroidal carboxamide derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yavuz SÇ, Akkoç S, Sarıpınar E. The cytotoxic activities of imidazole derivatives prepared from various guanylhydrazone and phenylglyoxal monohydrate. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1661481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sevtap Çağlar Yavuz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Veterinary, Şefaatli Vocational School, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Senem Akkoç
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Emin Sarıpınar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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13
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Frank A, Meza-Arriagada F, Salas CO, Espinosa-Bustos C, Stark H. Nature-inspired pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines targeting the histamine H 3 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3194-3200. [PMID: 31176569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by marine compounds the derivatization of the natural pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine lead scaffold led to a series of novel compounds targeting the histamine H3 receptor. The focus was set on improved binding towards the receptor and to establish an initial structure-activity relationship for this compound class based on the lead structure (compound V, Ki value of 126 nM). As highest binding affinities were found with 1,4-bipiperidines as basic part of the ligands, further optimization was focused on 4-([1,4'-bipiperidin]-1'-yl)-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines. Related pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines that were isolated from marine sponges like 4-amino-5-bromopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (compound III), showed variations in halogenation pattern, though in a next step the impact of halogenation at 2-position was evaluated. The chloro variations did not improve the affinity compared to the dehalogenated compounds. However, the simultaneous introduction of lipophilic cores with electron-withdrawing substitution patterns in 7-position and dehalogenation at 2-position (11b, 12b) resulted in compounds with significantly higher binding affinities (Ki values of 7 nM and 6 nM, respectively) than the initial lead structure compound V. The presented structures allow for a reasonable structure-activity relationship of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as histamine H3 receptor ligands and yielded novel lead structures within the natural compound library against this target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Frank
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Francisco Meza-Arriagada
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6094411, Chile
| | - Cristian O Salas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6094411, Chile
| | - Christian Espinosa-Bustos
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6094411, Chile.
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Ali I, Lone MN, Aboul-Enein HY. Imidazoles as potential anticancer agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1742-1773. [PMID: 30108886 PMCID: PMC6084102 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00067g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a black spot on the face of humanity in this era of science and technology. Presently, several classes of anticancer drugs are available in the market, but issues such as toxicity, low efficacy and solubility have decreased the overall therapeutic indices. Thus, the search for new promising anticancer agents continues, and the battle against cancer is far from over. Imidazole is an aromatic diazole and alkaloid with anticancer properties. There is considerable interest among scientists in developing imidazoles as safe alternatives to anticancer chemotherapy. The present article describes the structural, chemical, and biological features of imidazoles. Several classes of imidazoles as anticancer agents based on their mode of action have been critically discussed. A careful observation has been made into pharmacologically active imidazoles with better or equal therapeutic effects compared to well-known imidazole-based anticancer drugs, which are available on the market. A brief discussion of the toxicities of imidazoles has been made. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of imidazole based anticancer drug development are conferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) , New Delhi-110025 , India . ;
| | - Mohammad Nadeem Lone
- Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) , New Delhi-110025 , India . ;
| | - Haasan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department , Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division , National Research Centre , Dokki , Giza 12622 , Egypt
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15
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Nieto-Alamilla G, Márquez-Gómez R, García-Gálvez AM, Morales-Figueroa GE, Arias-Montaño JA. The Histamine H3 Receptor: Structure, Pharmacology, and Function. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:649-673. [PMID: 27563055 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.104752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the four G protein-coupled receptors (H1-H4) identified as mediators of the biologic effects of histamine, the H3 receptor (H3R) is distinguished for its almost exclusive expression in the nervous system and the large variety of isoforms generated by alternative splicing of the corresponding mRNA. Additionally, it exhibits dual functionality as autoreceptor and heteroreceptor, and this enables H3Rs to modulate the histaminergic and other neurotransmitter systems. The cloning of the H3R cDNA in 1999 by Lovenberg et al. allowed for detailed studies of its molecular aspects. In this work, we review the characteristics of the H3R, namely, its structure, constitutive activity, isoforms, signal transduction pathways, regional differences in expression and localization, selective agonists, antagonists and inverse agonists, dimerization with other neurotransmitter receptors, and the main presynaptic and postsynaptic effects resulting from its activation. The H3R has attracted interest as a potential drug target for the treatment of several important neurologic and psychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Nieto-Alamilla
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav-IPN), Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ricardo Márquez-Gómez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav-IPN), Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana-Maricela García-Gálvez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav-IPN), Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Guadalupe-Elide Morales-Figueroa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav-IPN), Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José-Antonio Arias-Montaño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav-IPN), Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
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17
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Piperazine scaffold: A remarkable tool in generation of diverse pharmacological agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:487-529. [PMID: 26310894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Piperazine is one of the most sought heterocyclics for the development of new drug candidates. This ring can be traced in a number of well established, commercially available drugs. Wide array of pharmacological activities exhibited by piperazine derivatives have made them indispensable anchors for the development of novel therapeutic agents. The review herein highlights the therapeutic significance of piperazine derivatives. Various therapeutically active piperazine derivatives developed by several chemists are reported here.
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18
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The histaminergic system as a target for the prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Neuropharmacology 2015; 106:3-12. [PMID: 26164344 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The control of food intake and body weight is very complex. Key factors driving eating behavior are hunger and satiety that are controlled by an interplay of several central and peripheral neuroendocrine systems, environmental factors, the behavioral state and circadian rhythm, which all concur to alter homeostatic aspects of appetite and energy expenditure. Brain histamine plays a fundamental role in eating behavior as it induces loss of appetite and has long been considered a satiety signal that is released during food intake (Sakata et al., 1997). Animal studies have shown that brain histamine is released during the appetitive phase to provide a high level of arousal preparatory to feeding, but also mediates satiety. Furthermore, histamine regulates peripheral mechanisms such as glucose uptake and insulin function. Preclinical research indicates that activation of H1 and H3 receptors is crucial for the regulation of the diurnal rhythm of food consumption; furthermore, these receptors have been specifically recognized as mediators of energy intake and expenditure. Despite encouraging preclinical data, though, no brain penetrating H1 receptor agonists have been identified that would have anti-obesity effects. The potential role of the H3 receptor as a target of anti-obesity therapeutics was explored in clinical trials that did not meet up to the expectations or were interrupted (clinicaltrials.gov). Nonetheless, interesting results are emerging from clinical trials that evaluated the attenuating effect of betahistine (an H1 agonist/H3 antagonist) on metabolic side effects associated with chronic antipsychotics treatment. Aim of this review is to summarize recent results that suggest the clinical relevance of the histaminergic system for the treatment of feeding disorders and provide an up-to-date summary of preclinical research. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Histamine Receptors'.
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Modulation of behavior by the histaminergic system: Lessons from HDC-, H3R- and H4R-deficient mice. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 47:101-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Sim YB, Park SH, Kim SS, Kim CH, Kim SJ, Lim SM, Jung JS, Ryu OH, Choi MG, Suh HW. The modulatory role of spinally located histamine receptors in the regulation of the blood glucose level in d-glucose-fed mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:41-6. [PMID: 24634595 PMCID: PMC3951822 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The possible roles of spinal histamine receptors in the regulation of the blood glucose level were studied in ICR mice. Mice were intrathecally (i.t.) treated with histamine 1 (H1) receptor agonist (2-pyridylethylamine) or antagonist (cetirizine), histamine 2 (H2) receptor agonist (dimaprit) or antagonist (ranitidine), histamine 3 (H3) receptor agonist (α-methylhistamine) or antagonist (carcinine) and histamine 4 (H4) receptor agonist (VUF 8430) or antagonist (JNJ 7777120), and the blood glucose level was measured at 30, 60 and 120 min after i.t. administration. The i.t. injection with α-methylhistamine, but not carcinine slightly caused an elevation of the blood glucose level. In addition, histamine H1, H2, and H4 receptor agonists and antagonists did not affect the blood glucose level. In D-glucose-fed model, i.t. pretreatment with cetirizine enhanced the blood glucose level, whereas 2-pyridylethylamine did not affect. The i.t. pretreatment with dimaprit, but not ranitidine, enhanced the blood glucose level in D-glucose-fed model. In addition, α-methylhistamine, but not carcinine, slightly but significantly enhanced the blood glucose level D-glucose-fed model. Finally, i.t. pretreatment with JNJ 7777120, but not VUF 8430, slightly but significantly increased the blood glucose level. Although histamine receptors themselves located at the spinal cord do not exert any effect on the regulation of the blood glucose level, our results suggest that the activation of spinal histamine H2 receptors and the blockade of spinal histamine H1 or H3 receptors may play modulatory roles for up-regulation and down-regulation, respectively, of the blood glucose level in D-glucose fed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Beom Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Sung-Su Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Chea-Ha Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Su-Min Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Jun-Sub Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Ohk-Hyun Ryu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Moon-Gi Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Hong-Won Suh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
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Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: G protein-coupled receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1459-581. [PMID: 24517644 PMCID: PMC3892287 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen PH Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical SchoolNottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen E Benson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeDundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Anthony J Harmar
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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Bicyclic and tricyclic heterocycle derivatives as histamine H3 receptor antagonists for the treatment of obesity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6004-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Misra M. Obesity pharmacotherapy: current perspectives and future directions. Curr Cardiol Rev 2013; 9:33-54. [PMID: 23092275 PMCID: PMC3584306 DOI: 10.2174/157340313805076322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising tide of obesity and its related disorders is one of the most pressing health concerns worldwide, yet existing medicines to combat the problem are disappointingly limited in number and effectiveness. Recent advances in mechanistic insights into the neuroendocrine regulation of body weight have revealed an expanding list of molecular targets for novel, rationally designed antiobesity pharmaceutical agents. Antiobesity drugs act via any of four mechanisms: 1) decreasing energy intake, 2) increasing energy expenditure or modulating lipid metabolism, 3) modulating fat stores or adipocyte differentiation, and 4) mimicking caloric restriction. Various novel drug candidates and targets directed against obesity are currently being explored. A few of them are also in the later phases of clinical trials. This review discusses the development of novel antiobesity drugs based on current understanding of energy homeostasis
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Misra
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India.
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Kim GW, Lin JE, Blomain ES, Waldman SA. New advances in models and strategies for developing anti-obesity drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:655-71. [PMID: 23621300 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.792804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a worldwide pandemic. Obesity-related health and economic costs are staggering. Existing strategies to combat obesity through lifestyle improvements and medical intervention have had limited success. Pharmacotherapy, in combination with lifestyle modification, may play a vital role in reversing the disease burden. However, past and current weight-loss medications have had serious safety risks, notably cardiovascular and psychiatric events. AREAS COVERED The authors review the strategies for designing new anti-obesity drugs by describing those currently in development. They describe their target, mechanism of action and developmental or regulatory status. Furthermore, they discuss the problem of weight regain following weight loss, and its relevance to the long-term success of anti-obesity pharmacotherapy. EXPERT OPINION For weight management drugs to achieve the safety and efficacy required to be impactful, current studies are uncovering and characterizing new targets, including new signaling circuits and hormones regulating appetite and metabolism, and re-evaluating the role of pharmacotherapy in weight management. To avoid the safety failures of many past weight-loss drugs, the models and strategies covered in this article incorporate recent advances in knowledge and technology. We discuss the emergence of cGMP signaling as a potentially transformative target in weight management. Modulating cGMP signaling may represent an ideal goal for an anti-obesity pharmacotherapy, reflecting some of the major themes described in the present review: targeting pathways that are newly realized as relevant for weight management; promoting safety by re-purposing drugs that are safe, proven, and approved for clinical use; and having a synergistic effect on multiple, reinforcing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert W Kim
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Clapp RH, Luckman SM. Proxyfan acts as a neutral antagonist of histamine H3 receptors in the feeding-related hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 167:1099-110. [PMID: 22646302 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Centrally acting histamine H(3) receptor ligands are proposed as potential treatments for obesity, although the value of inverse agonists at these receptors is still debated. Functional inhibition of H(3) autoreceptors activates neurones in a hypothalamic 'satiety' centre. The H(3) receptor antagonist, proxyfan was used as a tool to assess the action of histaminergic compounds in this model. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We compared the actions of histamine on feeding with those of an H(3) receptor agonist (imetit) and inverse agonist (thioperamide) in rats and mice. Sites of action were identified by immunohistochemistry and the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) was investigated using electrophysiological techniques. KEY RESULTS Central histamine or thioperamide decreased fast-induced feeding, whereas imetit increased feeding. Systemic thioperamide entered the brain to activate hypothalamic feeding centres and to reduce feeding without causing any adverse behaviours. Thioperamide activated neurones in the VMN through an action on histamine autoreceptors, whilst imetit had the opposite effect. Proxyfan administered alone did not affect either feeding or electrical activity. However, it blocked the actions of both thioperamide and imetit, acting as a neutral antagonist in this system. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The H(3) receptor inverse agonist, thioperamide, potently reduced appetite without adverse behavioural effects. This action was blocked by proxyfan, acting as a neutral antagonist in this model and, therefore, this compound is useful in determining the selectivity of H(3) receptor-directed drugs. A major action of thioperamide is through presynaptic autoreceptors, inducing stimulation by endogenous histamine of postsynaptic H(1 ) receptors on anorectic hypothalamic neurones.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Clapp
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Colon-Gonzalez F, Kim GW, Lin JE, Valentino MA, Waldman SA. Obesity pharmacotherapy: what is next? Mol Aspects Med 2012; 34:71-83. [PMID: 23103610 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The increase in obesity in the Unites States and around the world in the last decade is overwhelming. The number of overweight adults in the world surpassed 1 billion in 2008. Health hazards associated with obesity are serious and include heart disease, sleep apnea, diabetes, and cancer. Although lifestyle modifications are the most straightforward way to control weight, a large portion of the population may not be able to rely on this modality alone. Thus, the development of anti-obesity therapeutics represents a major unmet medical need. Historically, anti-obesity pharmacotherapies have been unsafe and minimally efficacious. A better understanding of the biology of appetite and metabolism provides an opportunity to develop drugs that may offer safer and more effective alternatives for weight management. This review discusses drugs that are currently on the market and in development as anti-obesity therapeutics based on their target and mechanism of action. It should serve as a roadmap to establish expectations for the near future for anti-obesity drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francheska Colon-Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Ishizuka T, Yamatodani A. Integrative role of the histaminergic system in feeding and taste perception. Front Syst Neurosci 2012; 6:44. [PMID: 22654740 PMCID: PMC3359529 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2012.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding behavior is regulated by a complex interplay of many endogenous substances, such as peptides and neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Histamine is a neurotransmitter which expresses an anorectic effect on food intake via histamine H(1) receptors. The histaminergic system exists downstream of leptin, a satiety factor secreted from white adipose tissue. Because direct stimulation of the histaminergic system by histamine H(3)-inverse agonists or antagonists can normalize the obese phenotype in which animal models with exogenous leptin resistance, which resembles human obesity, the potential roles of histamine H(3) receptors as a therapeutic target now draw attention. Histaminergic activity is enhanced during feeding, and an oral somatic sensation is thought to affect histaminergic activity while blood glucose levels do not. In addition, gustatory information can modulate histaminergic activity by two mechanisms: by physiological excitation of the chorda tympani nerve, one of the taste nerves and by emotions elicited by taste perception, i.e., taste palatability. Particularly, aversive and hazardous taste stimuli tonically facilitate histaminergic activity, suggesting that the histaminergic system is involved in the response to harmful stimuli. Together with recent findings, it is postulated that the histaminergic system responds to both mechanical and chemical sensory input from the oral cavity during feeding and is exerted as a part of the danger response system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Ishizuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka Dental University Osaka, Japan
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Ceras J, Cirauqui N, Pérez-Silanes S, Aldana I, Monge A, Galiano S. Novel sulfonylurea derivatives as H3 receptor antagonists. Preliminary SAR studies. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 52:1-13. [PMID: 22444026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The combination of antagonism at histamine H(3) receptor and the stimulation of insulin secretion have been proposed as an approach to new dual therapeutic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with obesity. We have designed and synthesized a new series of non-imidazole derivatives, based on a basic amine ring connected through an alkyl spacer of variable length to a phenoxysulfonylurea moiety. These compounds were initially evaluated for histamine H(3) receptor binding affinities, suggesting that a propoxy chain linker between the amine and the core ring could be essential for optimal binding affinity. Compound 56, 1-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3-[(p-(3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropoxy)benzene)]sulfonylurea exhibited the best H(3) antagonism affinity. However, since all these derivatives failed to block K(ATP) channels, the link of these two related moieties should not be considered a good pharmacophore for obtaining new dual H(3) antagonists with insulinotropic activity, suggesting the necessity to propose a new chemical hybrid prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ceras
- Unidad en Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Centro de Investigación en Farmacobiología Aplicada (CIFA), Universidad de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea, 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Coruzzi G, Adami M, Pozzoli C, de Esch IJP, Smits R, Leurs R. Selective histamine H₃ and H₄ receptor agonists exert opposite effects against the gastric lesions induced by HCl in the rat stomach. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 669:121-7. [PMID: 21839070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of histamine H(3) and H(4) receptors in gastric mucosal defense, by the use of selective ligands. Firstly, the affinities of several histaminergic agonists for the rat histamine H(3) and H(4) receptors were checked in HEK 293T cells transfected with either receptor subtype. Next, functional activities were determined in conscious rat against the ulcerogenic effect of 0.6N HCl. Radioligand binding studies showed that immethridine and methimepip were the most selective agonists at rat H(3) receptors, whereas VUF10460 displayed approximately a 50-fold selectivity for the rat H(4) receptor over the H(3) receptor. In conscious rats, immethridine and methimepip significantly reduced (66% and 48% inhibition, respectively) the gastric lesions induced by HCl; the effect of immethridine was antagonized by the H(3) receptor antagonist A-331440, but not by the H(4) receptor antagonist JNJ7777120. The mixed H(3)/H(4) receptor agonist immepip induced a significant aggravation of HCl damage, which was prevented by JNJ7777120; HCl-induced lesions were also significantly enhanced by the H(4) receptor agonists VUF10460 and VUF8430; however, this effect was not modified by JNJ7777120. Overall, this study indicates that, whereas the histamine H(3) receptor is involved in the protection of rat stomach against concentrated HCl, the functional role of the H(4) receptor is still to be defined, although selective agonists induce proulcerogenic effects under HCl challenge. Finally, the species-dependent variations in affinity and receptor selectivity observed for most ligands need to be carefully addressed in the pharmacological characterization of histamine H(3) and H(4) receptor functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Coruzzi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Pharmacology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy.
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I'Anson H, Jethwa PH, Warner A, Ebling FJ. Histaminergic regulation of seasonal metabolic rhythms in Siberian hamsters. Physiol Behav 2011; 103:268-78. [PMID: 21362434 PMCID: PMC3094761 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether histaminergic tone contributes to the seasonal catabolic state in Siberian hamsters by determining the effect of ablation of histaminergic neurons on food intake, metabolic rate and body weight. A ribosomal toxin (saporin) conjugated to orexin-B was infused into the ventral tuberomammillary region of the hypothalamus, since most histaminergic neurons express orexin receptors. This caused not only 75–80% loss of histaminergic neurons in the posterior hypothalamus, but also some loss of other orexin-receptor expressing cells e.g. MCH neurons. In the long-day anabolic state, lesions produced a transient post-surgical decrease in body weight, but the hamsters recovered and maintained constant body weight, whereas weight gradually increased in sham-lesioned hamsters. VO2 in the dark phase was significantly higher in the lesioned hamsters compared to shams, and locomotor activity also tended to be higher. In a second study in short days, sham-treated hamsters showed the expected seasonal decrease in body weight, but weight remained constant in the lesioned hamsters, as in the long-day study. Lesioned hamsters consumed more during the early dark phase and less during the light phase due to an increase in the frequency of meals during the dark and decreased meal size during the light, and their cumulative food intake in their home cages was greater than in the control hamsters. In summary, ablation of orexin-responsive cells in the posterior hypothalamus blocks the short-day induced decline in body weight by preventing seasonal hypophagia, evidence consistent with the hypothesis that central histaminergic mechanisms contribute to long-term regulation of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen I'Anson
- Biology Department, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA, USA
| | - Preeti H. Jethwa
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Amy Warner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Francis J.P. Ebling
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
- Corresponding author at: School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK. Tel.: + 44 115 8230164; fax: + 44 115 8230142.
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Berlin M, Boyce CW, de Lera Ruiz M. Histamine H3 Receptor as a Drug Discovery Target. J Med Chem 2010; 54:26-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100064d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Berlin
- Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Christopher W. Boyce
- Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Manuel de Lera Ruiz
- Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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Abstract
Obesity has emerged as one of the principal worldwide health concerns of the modern era, and there exists a tremendous unmet clinical need for safe and effective therapies to combat this global pandemic. The prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, has focused the attention of those in drug discovery and development on generating effective modalities for the treatment and prevention of obesity. Early efforts in the field of obesity pharmacotherapy centered on the development of agents with indeterminate mechanisms of action. This led to treatment paradigms characterized by significant off-target effects. In the past two decades, new insights have been made into the physiologic regulation of energy balance and the subordinate central and peripheral circuits coordinating appetite, metabolism, and lipogenesis. These studies have revealed previously unrecognized molecular targets for controlling appetite and managing weight from which has emerged a new wave of targeted pharmacotherapies to prevent and control obesity.
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The role of histaminergic H1 and H3 receptors in food intake: a mechanism for atypical antipsychotic-induced weight gain? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:1-4. [PMID: 19922755 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics such as olanzapine and clozapine are effective at treating the multiple domains of schizophrenia, with a low risk of extra-pyramidal side-effects. However a major downfall to their use is metabolic side-effects particularly weight gain/obesity, which occurs by unknown mechanisms. The present paper explores the potential candidature of histaminergic neurotransmission in the mechanisms of atypical antipsychotic-induced weight gain, with a focus on the histaminergic H1 and H3 receptors. Olanzapine and clozapine have a high affinity for the H1 receptor, and meta-analyses show a strong correlation between risk of weight gain and H1 receptor affinity. In addition, olanzapine treatment decreases H1 receptor binding and mRNA expression in the rat hypothalamus. Furthermore, a complex role is emerging for the histamine H3 receptor in the control of hunger. The H3 receptor is a pre-synaptic autoreceptor that inhibits the synthesis and release of histamine, and a heteroreceptor that inhibits other neurotransmitters such as serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA) and acetylcholine (ACh), which are also implicated in the regulation of food intake. Thus, the H3 receptor is in a prime position to regulate food intake, both through its control of histamine and its influence on other feeding pathways. We proposed that a mechanism for atypical antipsychotic-induced weight gain may be partly through the H3 receptor, as a drug-induced decrease in H1 receptor activity may decrease histamine tone through the H3 autoreceptors, compounding the weight gain problem. In addition, atypical antipsychotics may affect food intake by influencing 5-HT, NA and ACh release via interactions with the H3 heteroreceptor.
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Sander K, von Coburg Y, Camelin JC, Ligneau X, Rau O, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Schwartz JC, Stark H. Acidic elements in histamine H(3) receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1581-4. [PMID: 20138762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Antagonists of the human histamine H(3) receptor (hH(3)R) often contain a second basic moiety, which is well known to boost affinity on this histamine receptor subtype. Here, we prepared compounds with acidic moieties of different pK(a) values to figure out that the hH(3)R tolerates these functionalities when added to a common pharmacophore blueprint. Depending on the acidic, electronic and steric features the designed ligands showed hH(3)R affinities in the nanomolar concentration range. Additionally, selected ligands were tested but failed as dual acting hH(3)R/hPPAR (human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Sander
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ZAFES/LiFF/CMP, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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36
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Histamine. Br J Pharmacol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00501_35.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Pierson PD, Fettes A, Freichel C, Gatti-McArthur S, Hertel C, Huwyler J, Mohr P, Nakagawa T, Nettekoven M, Plancher JM, Raab S, Richter H, Roche O, Rodríguez Sarmiento RM, Schmitt M, Schuler F, Takahashi T, Taylor S, Ullmer C, Wiegand R. 5-Hydroxyindole-2-carboxylic Acid Amides: Novel Histamine-3 Receptor Inverse Agonists for the Treatment of Obesity. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3855-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900409x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alec Fettes
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Freichel
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Cornelia Hertel
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Mohr
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Toshito Nakagawa
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Nettekoven
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Plancher
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Raab
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Richter
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Roche
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Monique Schmitt
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franz Schuler
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tadakatsu Takahashi
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Taylor
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Ullmer
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ruby Wiegand
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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Brabant C, Alleva L, Grisar T, Quertemont E, Lakaye B, Ohtsu H, Lin JS, Jatlow P, Picciotto MR, Tirelli E. Effects of the H3 receptor inverse agonist thioperamide on cocaine-induced locomotion in mice: role of the histaminergic system and potential pharmacokinetic interactions. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 202:673-87. [PMID: 18843481 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous studies have shown that intraperitoneal injections of thioperamide, an imidazole-based H3 receptor inverse agonist that enhances histamine release in the brain, potentiate cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion. The present study examined the involvement of the histaminergic system in these effects of thioperamide in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated whether immepip, a selective H3 agonist, could reverse the potentiating effects of thioperamide. Moreover, the non-imidazole H3 inverse agonist A-331440 was tested on the locomotor effects of cocaine. Using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, cocaine plasma concentrations were measured to study potential drug-drug interactions between thioperamide and cocaine. Finally, thioperamide was tested on the locomotor effects of cocaine in histamine-deficient knockout mice in order to determine the contribution of histamine to the modulating effects of thioperamide. RESULTS Thioperamide potentiated cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion in normal mice, and to a higher extent, in histamine-deficient knockout mice. A-331440 only slightly affected the locomotor effects of cocaine. Immepip did not alter cocaine-induced hyperactivity but significantly reduced the potentiating actions of thioperamide on cocaine's effects. Finally, plasma cocaine concentrations were more elevated in mice treated with thioperamide than in mice that received cocaine alone. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that histamine released by thioperamide through the blockade of H3 autoreceptors is not involved in the ability of this compound to potentiate cocaine induced-hyperactivity. Our data suggest that thioperamide, at least at 10 mg/kg, increases cocaine-induced locomotion through the combination of pharmacokinetic effects and the blockade of H3 receptors located on non-histaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brabant
- Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives et Comportementales (CNCC), Université de Liège, Boulevard du Rectorat 5/B-32, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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The role of histamine 3 receptors in the control of food intake in a seasonal model of obesity: the Siberian hamster. Behav Pharmacol 2009; 20:155-65. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e32832a8099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Abstract
Seasonal rhythms of body weight, reflecting altered food intake, energy storage and expenditure, are a common feature of mammals inhabiting temperate and arctic latitudes. They have evolved so that predictable annual changes in the external environment can be anticipated and animals can adjust their physiology and behaviour in preparation for the changing demands of the seasons. These long-term changes in energy balance are not simply effected by the brain centres and peptidergic pathways known to underlie short-term homeostatic regulation. Screens of altered gene expression in Siberian hamsters comparing the anabolic summer state in long photoperiods and the catabolic 'winter' state in short photoperiods have identified differential gene expression in the hypothalamus. The majority of gene expression changes are confined to two restricted areas: the dorsomedial posterior arcuate nucleus, and the ventral ependymal layer of the third ventricle. Functions encoded by these 'seasonal' genes include thyroid hormone metabolism, retinoic acid and histaminergic signalling, and VGF and secretogranin production. The changes in thyroid hormone availability that are brought about by differential activity of deiodinase enzymes are of particular importance because experimental manipulation of central thyroid levels can prevent seasonal cyclicity. Given the importance of thyroid hormone in the initial development of the brain, we hypothesise that thyroid hormone-dependent plasticity of hypothalamic connections and neurogenesis underlie seasonal cycles of food intake and body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J P Ebling
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
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Sander K, Kottke T, Stark H. Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists Go to Clinics. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:2163-81. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Sander
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie
| | - Tim Kottke
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie
| | - Holger Stark
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie
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Nersesian DL, Black LA, Miller TR, Vortherms TA, Esbenshade TA, Hancock AA, Cowart MD. In vitro SAR of pyrrolidine-containing histamine H3 receptor antagonists: trends across multiple chemical series. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 18:355-9. [PMID: 18077160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships (SAR) were analyzed within a library of diverse yet simple compounds prepared as histamine H3 antagonists. The libraries were constructed with a variety of low molecular weight pyrrolidines, selected from (R)-2-methylpyrrolidine, (S)-2-methylpyrrolidine, and pyrrolidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Nersesian
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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Wijtmans M, Leurs R, de Esch I. Histamine H3 receptor ligands break ground in a remarkable plethora of therapeutic areas. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 16:967-85. [PMID: 17594183 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.16.7.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter histamine exerts its action through four distinct histamine receptors. The histamine H(1) and H(2) receptor are well established drug targets, whereas the histamine H(4) receptor is undergoing rigorous characterisation at present. The histamine H(3) receptor (H(3)R) is a G(i/o)-protein coupled receptor and is mostly expressed in the CNS. A remarkably large and different array of therapeutic areas, in which ligands for the H(3)R may prove useful, has been identified and a massive research undertaking is underway to substantiate the high expectations for H(3)R ligands. At present, several ligands for the H(3)R are being evaluated in clinical studies. In this review, the many potential therapeutic areas for H(3)R antagonists, inverse agonists and agonists is discussed. Promising medicinal chemistry and toxicological developments, as well as the advancement of several H(3)R ligands into the clinic, will be highlighted. This review also describes the problems that have been overcome and the questions that remain in developing H(3)R-related drugs. Considering the tremendous efforts by industry, it can be expected that the first H(3)R drugs will reach the market soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel Wijtmans
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Leiden/Amsterdam Center of Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, De Boelelaan 1083, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bongers G, Sallmen T, Passani MB, Mariottini C, Wendelin D, Lozada A, Marle AV, Navis M, Blandina P, Bakker RA, Panula P, Leurs R. The Akt/GSK-3beta axis as a new signaling pathway of the histamine H(3) receptor. J Neurochem 2007; 103:248-58. [PMID: 17623045 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04752.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drugs targeting the histamine H(3) receptor (H(3)R) are suggested to be beneficial for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The H(3)R activates G(i/o)-proteins to inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity and modulates phospholipase A(2) and MAPK activity. Herein we show that, in transfected SK-N-MC cells, the H(3)R modulates the activity of the Akt/Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) axis both in a constitutive and agonist-dependent fashion. H(3)R stimulation with the H(3)R agonist immepip induces the phosphorylation of both Ser473 and Thr308 on Akt, a serine/threonine kinase that is important for neuronal development and function. The H(3)R-mediated activation of Akt can be inhibited by the H(3)R inverse agonist thioperamide, and by Wortmannin, LY294002 and PTX, suggesting the observed Akt activation occurs via a G(i/o)-mediated activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase. H(3)R activation also results in the phosphorylation of Ser9 on GSK-3beta, which acts downstream of Akt and has a prominent role in brain function. In addition, we show the H(3)R-mediated phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 to occur in primary rat cortical neurons and in rat brain slices. The discovery of this signaling property of the H(3)R adds new understanding to the roles of histamine and the H(3)R in brain function and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerold Bongers
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Arrang JM, Morisset S, Gbahou F. Constitutive activity of the histamine H3 receptor. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2007; 28:350-7. [PMID: 17573125 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive activity has been mainly recorded for numerous overexpressed and/or mutated receptors. The histamine H(3) receptor (H(3)R) is a target of choice to study the physiological relevance of this process. In rodent brain, postsynaptic H(3)Rs show high constitutive activity, and presynaptic H(3) autoreceptors that show constitutive activity have a predominant role in inhibiting the activity of histamine neurons. H(3)R inverse agonists abrogate this constitutive brake and enhance histamine release in vivo. Some of these inverse agonists have entered clinical trials for the treatment of cognitive and food intake disorders. Studies performed in vitro and in vivo with proxyfan show that this H(3)R ligand is a 'protean agonist' - that is, a ligand with a spectrum of activity ranging from full agonism to full inverse agonism depending on the level of H(3)R constitutive activity. Consistent with its physiological and therapeutic relevance, the constitutive activity of H(3)R thus has a major function in the brain and regulates the activity of H(3)R-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Arrang
- INSERM, Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U 573), Centre Paul Broca, 75014 Paris, France.
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Dastmalchi S, Hamzeh-Mivehroud M, Ghafourian T, Hamzeiy H. Molecular modeling of histamine H3 receptor and QSAR studies on arylbenzofuran derived H3 antagonists. J Mol Graph Model 2007; 26:834-44. [PMID: 17561422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Histamine H3 receptors are presynaptic autoreceptors found in both central and peripheral nervous systems of many species. The central effects of these receptors suggest a potential therapeutic role for their antagonists in treatment of several neurological disorders such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the structural requirements for H3 antagonistic activity via quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies and receptor modeling/docking techniques. A combination of partial least squares (PLS) and genetic algorithm (GA) was used in the QSAR approach to select the structural descriptors relevant to the receptor binding affinity of a series of 58 H3 antagonists. The descriptors were selected out of a pool of >1000 descriptors calculated by DRAGON, Hyperchem and ACD labs suite of programs. The resulting QSAR models for rat and human H3 binding affinities were validated using different strategies. QSAR models generated in the current work suggested the role of charge transfer interactions in the ligand-receptor interaction verified using the molecular modeling of the receptor and docking two antagonists to the binding site. The 3D model of human H3 receptor was built based on bovine rhodopsin structure and evaluated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in a mixed water-vacuum-water environment. The results were indicative of the stability of the model relating the observed structural changes during the MD simulation to the suggested ligand-receptor interactions. The results of this investigation are expected to be useful in the process of design and development of new potent H3 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavoush Dastmalchi
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Tabriz 51664, Iran.
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Malmlöf K, Hastrup S, Wulff BS, Hansen BC, Peschke B, Jeppesen CB, Hohlweg R, Rimvall K. Antagonistic targeting of the histamine H3 receptor decreases caloric intake in higher mammalian species. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 73:1237-42. [PMID: 17328868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a selective histamine H(3) receptor antagonist, NNC 38-1202, on caloric intake in pigs and in rhesus monkeys. The compound was given intragastrically (5 or 15 mg/kg), to normal pigs (n=7) and subcutaneously (1 or 0.1mg/kg) to obese rhesus monkeys (n=9). The energy intake recorded following administration of vehicle to the same animals served as control for the effect of the compound. In addition, rhesus monkey and pig histamine H(3) receptors were cloned from hypothalamic tissues and expressed in mammalian cell lines. The in vitro antagonist potencies of NNC 38-1202 at the H(3) receptors were determined using a functional GTPgammaS binding assay. Porcine and human H(3) receptors were found to have 93.3% identity at the amino acid level and the close homology between the monkey and human H(3) receptors (98.4% identity) was confirmed. The antagonist potencies of NNC 38-1202 at the porcine, monkey and human histamine H(3) receptors were high as evidenced by K(i)-values being clearly below 20 nM, whereas the K(i)-value on the rat H(3) receptor was significantly higher (56+/-6.0 nM). NNC 38-1202, given to pigs in a dose of 15 mg/kg, produced a significant (p<0.05) reduction (55%) of calorie intake compared with vehicle alone, (132.6+/-10.0 kcal/kgday versus 59.7+/-10.2 kcal/kgday). In rhesus monkeys administration of 0.1 and 1mg/kg decreased (p<0.05) average calorie intakes by 40 and 75%, respectively. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that antagonistic targeting of the histamine H(3) receptor decreases caloric intake in higher mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Malmlöf
- Department of Diabetes Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark.
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Black LA, Nersesian DL, Sharma P, Ku YY, Bennani YL, Marsh KC, Miller TR, Esbenshade TA, Hancock AA, Cowart M. 4-[6-(2-Aminoethyl)naphthalen-2-yl]benzonitriles are potent histamine H3 receptor antagonists with high CNS penetration. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1443-6. [PMID: 17169555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
4-[6-(2-Tertiaryaminoethyl)naphthalen-2-yl]benzonitriles are conformationally constrained histamine H3 receptor antagonists with high potency and selectivity. The analogs were designed around a naphthalene core, with the goal of enhancing lipophilicity and CNS penetration, as compared to a previously reported benzofuran series. The SAR of the tertiary amine moiety is similar to that reported for the benzofuran series, with analogs bearing a 2-methylpyrrolidine substituent possessing the greatest rat and human H3 receptor binding affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Black
- Neuroscience Research, GPRD, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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Abstract
With the availability of an increased number of experimental tools, for example potent and brain-penetrating H1-, H2-, and H3-receptor ligands and mutant mice lacking the histamine synthesis enzyme or the histamine receptors, the functional roles of histaminergic neurons in the brain have been considerably clarified during the recent years, particularly their major role in the control of arousal, cognition, and energy balance. Various approaches tend to establish the implication of histaminergic neurons in schizophrenia. A strong hyperactivity of histamine neurons is induced in rodent brain by administration of methamphetamine or NMDA-receptor antagonists. Histamine neuron activity is modulated by typical and atypical neuroleptics. H3-receptor antagonists/inverse agonists display antipsychotic-like properties in animal models of the disease. Because of the limited predictability value of most animal models and the paucity of drugs affecting histaminergic transmission that were tried so far in human, the evidence remains therefore largely indirect, but supports a role of histamine neurons in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Arrang
- INSERM, U573, Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire, Centre Paul Broca, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
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Moreno-Delgado D, Torrent A, Gómez-Ramírez J, de Esch I, Blanco I, Ortiz J. Constitutive activity of H3 autoreceptors modulates histamine synthesis in rat brain through the cAMP/PKA pathway. Neuropharmacology 2006; 51:517-23. [PMID: 16769092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We previously described that agonist-activated histamine H3 autoreceptors inhibit the stimulation of histamine synthesis mediated by calcium/calmodulin- and cAMP-dependent protein kinases (CaMKII and PKA respectively) in histaminergic nerve endings. In the absence of an agonist H3 receptors show partial constitutive activity, so we hypothesized that suppression of constitutive activity by an inverse agonist could stimulate these transduction pathways. We show here that the H3 inverse agonist thioperamide increases histamine synthesis in rat brain cortical slices independently from the amounts of extracellular histamine. Thioperamide effects were mimicked by the inverse agonists clobenpropit and A-331440, but not by the neutral antagonist VUF-5681. In contrast, coincubation with VUF-5681 suppressed thioperamide effects. The effects of thioperamide were completely blocked by the PKA inhibitor peptide myristoyl-PKI14-22, a peptide that did not block depolarization stimulation of histamine synthesis. In addition, thioperamide effects required depolarization and were impaired by blockade of N-type calcium channels (mediating depolarization), but not by CaMKII inhibition. These results indicate that constitutive activity of H3 receptors in rat brain cortex inhibits the adenylate cyclase/PKA pathway, and perhaps also the opening of N-type voltage sensitive calcium channels, but apparently not CaMKII.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Moreno-Delgado
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bellaterra, Spain
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