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Vörös I, Sághy É, Pohóczky K, Makkos A, Onódi Z, Brenner GB, Baranyai T, Ágg B, Váradi B, Kemény Á, Leszek P, Görbe A, Varga ZV, Giricz Z, Schulz R, Helyes Z, Ferdinandy P. Somatostatin and Its Receptors in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Cardioprotection. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:663655. [PMID: 34803662 PMCID: PMC8602362 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.663655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the role of the neuropeptide somatostatin (SST) in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. Here, we investigated the direct cardiocytoprotective effect of SST on ischemia/reperfusion injury in cardiomyocyte cultures, as well as the expression of SST and its receptors in pig and human heart tissues. SST induced a bell-shaped, concentration-dependent cardiocytoprotection in both adult rat primary cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cells subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury. Furthermore, in a translational porcine closed-chest acute myocardial infarction model, ischemic preconditioning increased plasma SST-like immunoreactivity. Interestingly, SST expression was detectable at the protein, but not at the mRNA level in the pig left ventricles. SSTR1 and SSTR2, but not the other SST receptors, were detectable at the mRNA level by PCR and sequencing in the pig left ventricle. Moreover, remote ischemic conditioning upregulated SSTR1 mRNA. Similarly, SST expression was also detectable in healthy human interventricular septum samples at the protein level. Furthermore, SST-like immunoreactivity decreased in interventricular septum samples of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. SSTR1, SSTR2, and SSTR5 but not SST and the other SST receptors were detectable at the mRNA level by sequencing in healthy human left ventricles. In addition, in healthy human left ventricle samples, SSTR1 and SSTR2 mRNAs were expressed especially in vascular endothelial and some other cell types as detected by RNA Scope® in situ hybridization. This is the first demonstration that SST exerts a direct cardiocytoprotective effect against simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury. Moreover, SST is expressed in the heart tissue at the peptide level; however, it is likely to be of sensory neural origin since its mRNA is not detectable. SSTR1 and SSTR2 might be involved in the cardioprotective action of SST, but other mechanisms cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Vörös
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Sághy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pohóczky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - András Makkos
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Onódi
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor B. Brenner
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Baranyai
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Ágg
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Váradi
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kemény
- Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Przemyslaw Leszek
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V. Varga
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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Li W, Zhang Z, Li X, Cai J, Li D, Du J, Zhang B, Xiang D, Li N, Li Y. CGRP derived from cardiac fibroblasts is an endogenous suppressor of cardiac fibrosis. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1335-1348. [PMID: 31504241 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Aberrant activation of cardiac fibroblasts leads to cardiac fibrosis, and evolving evidences suggest that endogenous bioactive substances derived from cardiac fibroblasts regulate cardiac fibroblasts activation in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Here we first presented evidence that cardiac fibroblasts can synthesize and secrete calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of cardiac fibroblasts-derived CGRP in cardiac fibroblasts activation and its regulative mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS The abundantly expression of CGRP in rat, mouse, and human myocardium allowed us to explore the cellular origin of CGRP, and found that the cardiac CGRP was mainly derived from cardiac fibroblasts. Activating TRPA1 with a specific agonist allyl isothiocyanate promoted the synthesis and secretion of CGRP, as well as intracellular Ca2+. These effects were reversed by TRPA1-specific antagonist HC030031 and Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM. TGF-β1 was applied to induce the activation of cardiac fibroblasts, and found that TGF-β1 can increase the mRNA expression and secretion levels of CGRP in cardiac fibroblasts. Either CGRP8-37 (CGRP receptor antagonist) or α-CGRP small interfering RNA (siRNA) aggravated TGF-β1-induced proliferation, differentiation, collagen production, and instigated inflammation in cardiac fibroblasts. Moreover, TGF-β1-induced NF-κB activation including IκBα phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation were also promoted by CGRP8-37 and α-CGRP siRNA. NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium (PDTC) reversed the effects of CGRP8-37 on NF-κB activation. The promotive effects of CGRP8-37 on TGF-β1-induced activation of cardiac fibroblasts were all reversed by PDTC. Monocrotaline (MCT) induces pulmonary arterial hypertension, progressively leading to right ventricular fibrosis. This model of cardiac fibrosis was developed here to test the potentially beneficial effects of TRPA1 activation in vivo. The non-toxic TRPA1 agonist Cinnamaldehyde (CA) inhibited MCT-induced elevation in right ventricle systolic pressure, RV/LV + S, and right ventricular collagen accumulation, as well as down-regulation of CGRP. CA increased the synthesis and secretion of CGRP, and inhibited TGF-β1-induced activation in cardiac fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Our data suggested an autocrine role for cardiac fibroblasts-derived CGRP in suppressing activation of cardiac fibroblasts through inhibiting NF-κB activation. Increasing autocrine CGRP by activating TRPA1 can ameliorate cardiac fibrosis. These findings support the notion that CGRP derived from cardiac fibroblasts is an endogenous suppressor of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jifeng Cai
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Dai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Daxiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Niansheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yuanjian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
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Capsaicin-Sensitive Sensory Nerves and the TRPV1 Ion Channel in Cardiac Physiology and Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124472. [PMID: 32586044 PMCID: PMC7352834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, ischemic heart diseases such as acute myocardial infarction and postischemic heart failure, heart failure of other etiologies, and cardiac arrhythmias, belong to the leading causes of death. Activation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves by the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) capsaicin receptor and other receptors, as well as neuropeptide mediators released from them upon stimulation, play important physiological regulatory roles. Capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves also contribute to the development and progression of some cardiac diseases, as well as to mechanisms of endogenous stress adaptation leading to cardioprotection. In this review, we summarize the role of capsaicin-sensitive afferents and the TRPV1 ion channel in physiological and pathophysiological functions of the heart based mainly on experimental results and show their diagnostic or therapeutic potentials. Although the actions of several other channels or receptors expressed on cardiac sensory afferents and the effects of TRPV1 channel activation on different non-neural cell types in the heart are not precisely known, most data suggest that stimulation of the TRPV1-expressing sensory nerves or stimulation/overexpression of TRPV1 channels have beneficial effects in cardiac diseases.
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Han M, Hu L, Chen Y. Rutaecarpine may improve neuronal injury, inhibits apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress by regulating the expression of ERK1/2 and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:2923-2931. [PMID: 31692511 PMCID: PMC6708397 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s216156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury is a more serious brain injury caused by the recovery of blood supply after cerebral ischemia for a certain period of time. Rutaecarpine (Rut) is an alkaloid isolated from Evodia officinalis with various biological activities. Previous studies have shown that Rut has a certain protective effect on ischemic brain injury, but the specific molecular mechanism is still unknown. METHODS In this study, a rat model of CI/R was established to explore the effects and potential molecular mechanisms of Rut on CI/R injury in rats. RESULTS The results showed that Rut alleviated neuronal injury induced by CI/R in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, Rut inhibited neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of caspase 3 and the expression of Bax. In addition, Rut alleviated the inflammatory response and oxidative stress caused by CI/R through inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6 and IL-1β), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS, and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-4 and IL-10) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Biochemically, Western blot analyses showed that Rut inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and promoted the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway-related proteins (Nrf2, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and NAD (P) H-quinone oxidoreductase 1) in a dose-dependent manner. These results show that Rut may alleviate brain injury induced by CI/R by regulating the expression of ERK1/2 and the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these results suggest that Rut may be used as an effective therapeutic agent for damage caused by CI/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Dongying City, Dongying City, Shandong Province257335, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine ICU, Zoucheng People’s Hospital, Zoucheng, Shandong Province273500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Internal Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, Shanghai201399, People’s Republic of China
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Randhawa PK, Jaggi AS. Exploring the putative role of TRPV 1 -dependent CGRP release in remote hind preconditioning-induced cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 35. [PMID: 28599085 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a phenomenon whereby transient nonlethal ischemia and reperfusion episodes confer protection against prolonged ischemia reperfusion-induced injury. However, the underlying intracellular signaling has not been extensively explored. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to inspect the putative involvement of TRPV1 -dependent CGRP release in mediating remote hind limb preconditioning-induced cardioprotection. METHODS In this study, remote hind limb preconditioning stimulus was delivered (four consecutive episodes of 5 minutes of ischemia reperfusion) using a blood pressure cuff tied at the inguinal level of the rat. The isolated rat hearts were perfused on the Langendorff's system and were subjected to 30-minutes global ischemia and 120-minutes reperfusion. Prolonged ischemia and subsequent reperfusion led to myocardial injury that was evaluated in terms of infarct size, LDH release, CK release, LVDP, +dp/dtmax , -dp/dtmin , and coronary flow rate. The pharmacological agents used in this study included capsaicin as TRPV1 channel activator, sumatriptan and CGRP8-37 as CGRP blockers. RESULTS Remote hind limb and capsaicin preconditioning (10 mg/kg-1 ) significantly reduced the infarct size, LDH release, CK release and significantly improved LVDP, +dp/dtmax , -dp/dtmin , and coronary flow rate. However, remote hind limb and capsaicin preconditioning-induced cardioprotective effects were remarkably reduced in the presence of sumatriptan (8 mg/kg-1 ) and CGRP8-37 (1 mg/kg-1 ). CONCLUSION This indicates that remote hind limb preconditioning stimulus probably activates TRPV1 channels which subsequently induces CGRP release to produce cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Kaur Randhawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, India
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Role of calcitonin gene-related peptide in cardioprotection of short-term and long-term exercise preconditioning. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 64:53-9. [PMID: 24566463 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in cardioprotection of short-term and long-term exercise preconditioning (EP). METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were, respectively, subjected to continuous intermittent treadmill training 3 days or 3 weeks as short-term or long-term EP protocols. The myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol (ISO) was performed 24 hours after short-term and long-term EP. The myocardial injury was evaluated in terms of the serum cardiac troponin levels and the hematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid staining. Additionally, serum CGRP levels, CGRP expression in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and heart were analyzed as possible mechanisms to explain short-term and long-term EP-induced cardioprotection. RESULTS Both short-term and long-term EP markedly attenuated the isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemia with lower serum cardiac troponin levels. Short-term EP does not alter serum CGRP levels and CGRP expression in the DRG and heart. Long-term EP significantly increases serum CGRP levels and CGRP expression in the DRG and heart. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that short-term EP does not increase the synthesis and release of CGRP. Therefore, the cardioprotective effect of short-term EP does not involve CGRP adaptation. Furthermore, long-term EP increases CGRP synthesis in the DRG and promotes CGRP release in the blood and heart. Hence, CGRP may play an important role in the cardioprotective effect of long-term EP.
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Van der Schueren BJ, Blanchard R, Murphy MG, Palcza J, De Lepeleire I, Van Hecken A, Depré M, de Hoon JN. The potent calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist, telcagepant, does not affect nitroglycerin-induced vasodilation in healthy men. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 71:708-17. [PMID: 21480950 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess the effect of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist, telcagepant, on the haemodynamic response to sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG). METHODS Twenty-two healthy male volunteers participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, two-period, crossover study. Subjects received 500 mg telcagepant or placebo followed, 1.5 h later, by 0.4 mg NTG. To assess the haemodynamic response the following vascular parameters were measured: blood pressure, aortic augmentation index (AIx) and brachial artery diameter (BAD). Data are presented as mean (95% confidence interval, CI). RESULTS The aortic AIx following NTG decreased by -18.50 (-21.02, -15.98) % after telcagepant vs. -17.28 (-19.80, -14.76) % after placebo. The BAD fold increase following NTG was 1.14 (1.12, 1.17) after telcagepant vs. 1.13 (1.10, 1.15) after placebo. For both AIx and BAD, the hypothesis that telcagepant does not significantly affect the changes induced by NTG is supported (P < 0.0001). In addition, no vasoconstrictor effect of telcagepant could be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Telcagepant did not affect NTG-induced haemodynamic changes. These data suggest that NTG-induced vasodilation is not CGRP dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart J Van der Schueren
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg (K.U. Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
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Yang CH, Zhang MS, Li J, Zhang XP, Wang H, Hao YB. Monophosphoryl lipid A-induced delayed preconditioning in rat small intestine is mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:1333-41. [PMID: 20936354 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protective effects of ischemic preconditioning in rat small intestine have been shown to be related to the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide. AIMS The purpose of the present study was to explore whether monophosphoryl lipid A participated in the protective process of the delayed ischemic preconditioning in the peripheral vascular bed (the anse intestinalis of rat), and whether endogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide is a mediator in this process. METHODS Intestinal ischemia was induced by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 60 min. The intestinal lesions were evaluated by the measurement of serum lactate dehydrogenase, myeloperoxidase levels, and small intestine tissue contents of malondialdehyde. In addition, calcitonin gene-related peptide in plasma and superior mesenteric vein effluent were also examined. RESULTS Pretreatment with monophosphoryl lipid A (500 μg/kg. i.p.) 24 h prior to ischemia-reperfusion significantly alleviated the intestinal tissue histology lesions, decreased serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, myeloperoxidase, and reduced tissue content of malondialdehyde. Moreover, monophosphoryl lipid A markedly increased plasma concentrations of calcitonin gene-related peptide. Pretreatment with capsaicin, which specifically depletes the neurotransmitter content of sensory nerves or calcitonin gene-related peptide-(8-37), a selective calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist, inhibited the increased calcitonin gene-related peptide release and subsequently abrogated the protection by monophosphoryl lipid A. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, monophosphoryl lipid A pharmacologically mimics delayed preconditioning and the protective effects are related to the stimulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide release in rat small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Hong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Yuan Q, Peng J, Liu SY, Wang CJ, Xiang DX, Xiong XM, Hu CP, Li YJ. Inhibitory effect of resveratrol derivative BTM-0512 on high glucose-induced cell senescence involves dimethylaminohydrolase/asymmetric dimethylarginine pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 37:630-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chen QQ, Li D, Guo R, Luo D, Yang J, Hu CP, Li YJ. Decrease in the synthesis and release of calcitonin gene-related peptide in dorsal root ganglia of spontaneously hypertensive rat: Role of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 596:132-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2008] [Revised: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Luo D, Zhang YW, Peng WJ, Peng J, Chen QQ, Li D, Deng HW, Li YJ. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1-mediated expression and secretion of endothelial cell-derived calcitonin gene-related peptide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 150:66-72. [PMID: 18584893 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), the principal transmitter in sensory nerves, could also be expressed in vascular endothelium. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1), which modulates the synthesis and release of CGRP in sensory nerves, is also present in endothelial cells. The present study tested whether TRPV1 modulates the release and synthesis of CGRP in endothelial cells, and evaluated the protective effect of endothelial cell-derived CGRP. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with capsaicin or hyperthermia. The level of CGRP mRNA was detected by RT-PCR, and protein level was measured by radioimmunoassay. Endothelial cell injury was induced by lysophosphatidylcholine, and evaluated by cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase activity. HUVECs expressed CGRP, both alpha- and beta-subtype. Capsaicin increased the level of CGRP in the culture medium, and up-regulated the expression of CGRP in endothelial cells. Hyperthermia also increased the level of CGRP mRNA. These effects were abolished by capsazepine, a competitive antagonist of TRPV1. Capsaicin significantly attenuated the endothelial cell damage induced by LPC, which was prevented and aggravated by capsazepine or CGRP(8-37,) antagonist of CGRP receptor. These results indicate that TRPV1 also regulates the expression and secretion of endothelial cell-derived CGRP, which affords protective effects on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
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Chai W, Mehrotra S, Jan Danser AH, Schoemaker RG. The role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in ischemic preconditioning in isolated rat hearts. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 531:246-53. [PMID: 16438955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Revised: 12/16/2005] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Brief coronary artery occlusion can protect the heart against damage during subsequent prolonged coronary artery occlusion; ischemic preconditioning. The role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in ischemic preconditioning is investigated in isolated perfused rat hearts, by measuring CGRP release during ischemic preconditioning and mimicking this by exogenous CGRP infusion, either in the absence or presence of the CGRP antagonist BIBN4096BS. CGRP increased left ventricular pressure and coronary flow in a concentration dependent manner, which was effectively antagonized by BIBN4096BS. Rat hearts (n=36) were subjected to 45 min coronary artery occlusion and 180 min reperfusion, which was preceded by: (1) sham pretreatment, (2) BIBN4096BS infusion (1 microM), (3) preconditioning by 15 min coronary artery occlusion and10 min reperfusion, (4) as 3, but with BIBN4096BS, (5) 15 min CGRP infusion (5 nM) and 10 min washout, (6) as 5, but with BIBN4096BS. Cardiac protection was assessed by reactive hyperaemia, creatine kinase release, infarct size related to the area at risk (%), and left ventricular pressure recovery. Preconditioning increased CGRP release into the coronary effluent from 88+/-13 to 154+/-32 pg/min/g, and significantly protected the hearts by decreasing reactive hyperaemia (35%), reducing creatine kinase release (53%), limiting infarct size (48%), and improving left ventricular pressure recovery (36%). Exogenous CGRP induced preconditioning-like cardioprotection. BIBN completely abolished the cardioprotection induced by preconditioning as well as by exogenous CGRP. In conclusion, since cardioprotection of preconditioning-induced CGRP release can be mimicked by exogenous CGRP, and both can be blocked by a CGRP antagonist, results indicate an important role for CGRP in ischemic preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Chai
- Department of Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 DR Rotterdam, P.O. 1738, The Netherlands
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Sequeira IM, Haberberger RV, Kummer W. Atrial and ventricular rat coronary arteries are differently supplied by noradrenergic, cholinergic and nitrergic, but not sensory nerve fibres. Ann Anat 2005; 187:345-55. [PMID: 16163847 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2005.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present immunohistochemical study set out to determine the extent of perivascular innervation in the rat heart, using markers for noradrenergic sympathetic fibres (tyrosine hydroxylase = TH), cholinergic parasympathetic fibres (vesicular acetylcholine transporter = VAChT), nitrergic fibres (neuronal NO synthase = nNOS), and peptidergic sensory fibres (calcitonin gene-related peptide = CGRP). For each of these antigens, the vascular innervation density was assessed separately in the atria, the basal and the apical parts of the ventricles, and was correlated to the inner vascular diameter. The four major findings are: (1) Each of these neurochemically defined populations shows an individual distribution pattern significantly different from the others with respect to correlation with vascular diameter and occurrence along atrial versus ventricular vessels. (2) Among autonomic efferent axons, nNOS-containing fibres are far less numerous than cholinergic and noradrenergic fibres. (3) Autonomic efferent axons (noradrenergic, cholinergic, nitrergic) are much more abundant around atrial than ventricular vessels, whereas perivascular CGRP-immunoreactive sensory nerve fibres are equally distributed in the various parts of the heart. (4) Noradrenergic and cholinergic axons preferentially innervate small-diameter vessels (negative linear correlation between index of innervation and vascular diameter), whereas the supply with CGRP-immunoreactive sensory nerve fibres does not change with vascular diameter. Collectively, the present study shows individual distribution patterns for each of the neurochemically defined populations of perivascular axons along the atrial and ventricular coronary arteries, indicating a highly differentiated nervous regulation of atrial versus ventricular, and large-diameter versus resistance vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira M Sequeira
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 123, 35385 Giessen, Germany.
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