1
|
Yang LY, Yi P, Chen JL, Li YH, Qiu JL, Wang ZY, Fu M, Yuan CM, Huang LJ, Hao XJ, Gu W. Chemical Constituents of Primulina eburnea (Gesneriaceae) and Their Cytotoxic Activities. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300248. [PMID: 37080916 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Two new ursane-type triterpenes, eburnealactones A and B (1 and 2), one new flavonoid, eburneatin A (6), and one new phenylethanoid glycoside, chiritoside D (7), along with 9 known compounds (3-5, 8-13) were isolated from the whole plant of Primulina eburnea. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis (IR, UV, NMR, and HR-ESI-MS). All the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities. Compound 1 showed significant cytotoxic activities against MKN-45 cell lines and 5637 cell lines with the IC50 values of 9.57 μM and 8.30 μM, respectively. Compound 1 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against A549 and PATU8988T cell lines with the IC50 values of 30.70 μM and 38.22 μM, respectively. Compound 6 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against MKN-45, HCT116, PATU8988T, 5637 and A-673 cell lines with the IC50 values of 19.69 μM, 16.44 μM, 18.07 μM, 11.51 μM and 18.15 μM, respectively. Compound 5 showed moderate cytotoxic activities against A549 cell lines with the IC50 values of 24.06 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
- School of pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Ping Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Jun-Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Yu-Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jue-Lin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Mao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Chun-Mao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Lie-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Research Unit of Chemical Biology of Natural Anti-virus Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Calceolarioside A, a Phenylpropanoid Glycoside from Calceolaria spp., Displays Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072183. [PMID: 35408584 PMCID: PMC9000362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylpropanoid glycosides are a class of natural substances of plant origin with interesting biological activities and pharmacological properties. This study reports the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of calceolarioside A, a phenylpropanoid glycoside previously isolated from various Calceolaria species. In models of acute nociception induced by thermal stimuli, such as the hot plate and tail flick test, calceolarioside administered at doses of 1, 5, and 10 μg in the left cerebral ventricles did not modify the behavioral response of mice. In an inflammatory based persistent pain model as the formalin test, calceolarioside A at the high dose tested (100 μg/paw) reduced the licking activity induced by formalin by 35% in the first phase and by 75% in the second phase of the test. In carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia, calceolarioside A (50 and 100 μg/paw) was able to significantly reverse thermal hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan. The anti-inflammatory activity of calceolarioside A was then assessed using the zymosan-induced paw edema model. Calceolarioside A (50 and 100 μg/paw) induced a significant reduction in the edema from 1 to 4 h after zymosan administration. Measuring IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β pro-inflammatory cytokines released from LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells, calceolarioside A in a concentration-dependent manner reduced the release of these cytokines from THP-1 cells. Taken together, our results highlight, for the first time, the potential and selective anti-inflammatory properties of this natural-derived compound, prompting its rationale use for further investigations.
Collapse
|
3
|
Renu K, Pureti LP, Vellingiri B, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. Toxic effects and molecular mechanism of doxorubicin on different organs – an update. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1912099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasi Renu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
| | - Lakshmi Prasanna Pureti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Amirova KM, Dimitrova PA, Marchev AS, Krustanova SV, Simova SD, Alipieva KI, Georgiev MI. Biotechnologically-Produced Myconoside and Calceolarioside E Induce Nrf2 Expression in Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1759. [PMID: 33578811 PMCID: PMC7916618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological manifestation of various diseases can be suppressed by the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcriptional regulator of the cellular redox balance. Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. is a resurrection plant species endemic for Bulgaria, containing biologically active phenylethanoid glycosides that might possess antioxidant or redox activity. This study aimed to analyze the metabolic profile of in vitro cultured H. rhodopensis and to identify molecules that increase Nrf2 expression in bone marrow neutrophils. Fractions B, D, and E containing myconoside, or myconoside and calceolarioside E in ratios 1:0.6 and 0.25:1 were found to be the most active ones. Fraction B (200 µg/mL) improved neutrophil survival and strongly increased the Nrf2 intracellular level, while D and E, as well as, myconoside and calceolarioside E at the same ratios had a superior effect. Calceolarioside E (32 µg/mL) had stronger activity than myconoside, the effect of which was very similar to that of 2-cyano-3,12-dioxo-oleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid methyl ester (CDDO-Me), used as a positive control. These data indicate that both molecules, used alone or in combination have stimulatory activity on the endogenous Nrf2 level, indicating their therapeutic potential to regulate the cellular redox homeostasis oxidative stress-associated pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristiana M. Amirova
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (K.M.A.); (A.S.M.)
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Petya A. Dimitrova
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Andrey S. Marchev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (K.M.A.); (A.S.M.)
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Slaveya V. Krustanova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 9 Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.V.K.); (S.D.S.); (K.I.A.)
| | - Svetlana D. Simova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 9 Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.V.K.); (S.D.S.); (K.I.A.)
| | - Kalina I. Alipieva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 9 Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.V.K.); (S.D.S.); (K.I.A.)
| | - Milen I. Georgiev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (K.M.A.); (A.S.M.)
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tian XY, Li MX, Lin T, Qiu Y, Zhu YT, Li XL, Tao WD, Wang P, Ren XX, Chen LP. A review on the structure and pharmacological activity of phenylethanoid glycosides. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112563. [PMID: 33038797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are compounds made of phenylethyl alcohol, caffeic acid and glycosyl moieties. The first published references about phenylethanoid glycosides concerned the isolation of echinacoside from Echinaceu ungustifolia (Asteraceae) in 1950 and verbascoside from Verbascum sinuatum (Scrophulariaceae) in 1963. Over the past 60 years, many compounds with these structural characteristics have been isolated from natural sources, and most of these compounds possess significant bioactivities, including antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, neuro-protective, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory activities, among others. In this review, we will summarize the phenylethanoid glycosides described in recent papers and list all the compounds that have been isolated over the past few decades. We will also attempt to present and assess recent studies about the separation, extraction, determination, and pharmacological activity of the excellent natural components, phenylethanoid glycosides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yu Tian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Mao-Xing Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China.
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Pudong New Area People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Health University, Shanghai, 201299, PR China
| | - Yu-Ting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, 3201 Hospital, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Wen-Di Tao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xia Ren
- Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Al-malky HS, Al Harthi SE, Osman AMM. Major obstacles to doxorubicin therapy: Cardiotoxicity and drug resistance. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2019; 26:434-444. [DOI: 10.1177/1078155219877931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundDoxorubicin is one of the most commonly prescribed and time-tested anticancer drugs. Although being considered as a first line drug in different types of cancers, the two main obstacles to doxorubicin therapy are drug-induced cardiotoxicity and drug resistance.MethodThe study utilizes systemic reviews on publications of previous studies obtained from scholarly journal databases including PubMed, Medline, Ebsco Host, Google Scholar, and Cochrane. The study utilizes secondary information obtained from health organizations using filters and keywords to sustain information relevancy. The study utilizes information retrieved from studies captured in the peer-reviewed journals on “doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity” and “doxorubicin resistance.”Discussion and resultsThe exact mechanisms of cardiotoxicity are not known; various hypotheses are studied. Doxorubicin can lead to free radical generation in various ways. The commonly proposed underlying mechanisms promoting doxorubicin resistance are the expression of multidrug resistance proteins as well as other causes.ConclusionIn this review, we have described the major obstacles to doxorubicin therapy, doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity as well as the mechanisms of cancer drug resistance and in following the treatment failures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamdan S Al-malky
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer E Al Harthi
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel-Moneim M Osman
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Varela-López A, Battino M, Navarro-Hortal MD, Giampieri F, Forbes-Hernández TY, Romero-Márquez JM, Collado R, Quiles JL. An update on the mechanisms related to cell death and toxicity of doxorubicin and the protective role of nutrients. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 134:110834. [PMID: 31577924 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), is a very effective chemotherapeutic agent against cancer whose clinical use is limited by toxicity. Different strategies have been proposed to attenuate toxicity, including combined therapy with bioactive compounds. This review update mechanisms of action and toxicity of doxorubicin and the role of nutrients like vitamins (A, C, E), minerals (selenium) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Protective activities against DOX toxicity in liver, kidney, skin, bone marrow, testicles or brain have been reported, but these have not been evaluated for all of the reviewed nutrients. In most cases oxidation-related effects were present either, by reducing ROS levels and/or increasing antioxidant defenses. Antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms are also commonly reported. In some cases, interferences with autophagy and calcium homeostasis also have shown to be affected. Notwithstanding, there is a wide variety in duration and doses of treatment tested for both, compounds and DOX, which make difficult to compare the results of the studies. In spite of the reduction of DOX cardiotoxicity in health models, DOX anti-cancer activity in cancer cell lines or xenograft models usually did not result compromised when this has been evaluated. Importantly, clinical studies are needed to confirm all the observed effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche Ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez, Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Nutrition and Food Science Group. Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - María D Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche Ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez, Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández
- Nutrition and Food Science Group. Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José M Romero-Márquez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Collado
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in childhood cancer survivors is a growing problem. The population of patients at risk for cardiovascular disease is steadily increasing, as five-year survival rates for all types of childhood cancers continue to improve. Doxorubicin affects the developing heart differently from the adult heart and in a subset of exposed patients, childhood exposure leads to late, irreversible cardiomyopathy. Notably, the prevalence of late-onset toxicity is increasing in parallel with improved survival. By the year 2020, it is estimated that there will be 500,000 childhood cancer survivors and over 50,000 of them will suffer from doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. The majority of the research to-date, concentrated on childhood cancer survivors, has focused mostly on clinical outcomes through well-designed epidemiological and retrospective cohort studies. Preclinical studies have elucidated many of the cellular mechanisms that elicit acute toxicity in cardiomyocytes. However, more research is needed in the areas of early- and late-onset cardiotoxicity and more importantly improving the scientific understanding of how other cells present in the cardiac milieu are impacted by doxorubicin exposure. The overall goal of this review is to succinctly summarize the major clinical and preclinical studies focused on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. As the prevalence of patients affected by doxorubicin exposure continues to increase, it is imperative that the major gaps in existing research are identified and subsequently utilized to develop appropriate research priorities for the coming years. Well-designed preclinical research models will enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and directly lead to better diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:905-931, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevi R Mancilla
- University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Brian Iskra
- University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Gregory J Aune
- University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Molecular mechanism of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy - An update. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 818:241-253. [PMID: 29074412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is utilized for anti-neoplastic treatment for several decades. The utility of this drug is limited due to its side effects. Generally, doxorubicin toxicity is originated from the myocardium and then other organs are also ruined. The mechanism of doxorubicin is intercalated with the DNA and inhibits topoisomerase 2. There are various signalling mechanisms involved in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. First and foremost, the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is due to oxidative stress. Cardiac mitochondrial damage is supposed after few hours following the revelation of doxorubicin. This has led important new uses for the mechanism of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and novel avenues of investigation to determine better pharmacotherapies and interventions for the impediment of cardiotoxicity. The idea of this review is to bring up to date the recent findings of the mechanism of doxorubicin cardiomyopathies such as calcium dysregulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, impairment of progenitor cells, activation of immune, ubiquitous system and some other parameters.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abushouk AI, Ismail A, Salem AMA, Afifi AM, Abdel-Daim MM. Cardioprotective mechanisms of phytochemicals against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:935-946. [PMID: 28460429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic, which is effectively used in the treatment of different malignancies, such as leukemias and lymphomas. Its most serious side effect is dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, which occurs through inducing oxidative stress apoptosis. Due to the myelosuppressive effect of dexrazoxane, a commonly-used drug to alleviate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, researchers investigated the potential of phytochemicals for prophylaxis and treatment of this condition. Phytochemicals are plant chemicals that have protective or disease preventive properties. Preclinical trials have shown antioxidant properties for several plant extracts, such as those of Aerva lanata, Aronia melanocarpa, Astragalus polysaccharide, and Bombyx mori plants. Other plant extracts showed an ability to inhibit apoptosis, such as those of Astragalus polysaccharide, Azadirachta indica, Bombyx mori, and Allium stavium plants. Unlike synthetic agents, phytochemicals do not impair the clinical activity of DOX and they are particularly safe for long-term use. In this review, we summarized the results of preclinical trials that investigated the cardioprotective effects of phytochemicals against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Future human trials are required to translate these cardioprotective mechanisms into practical clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ammar Ismail
- NovaMed Medical Research Association, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Muhammad Abdo Salem
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; NovaMed Medical Research Association, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Afifi
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt; Pharmacology Department, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cardioprotective Potentials of Plant-Derived Small Molecules against Doxorubicin Associated Cardiotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5724973. [PMID: 27313831 PMCID: PMC4893565 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5724973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent and widely used anthracycline antibiotic for the treatment of several malignancies. Unfortunately, the clinical utility of DOX is often restricted due to the elicitation of organ toxicity. Particularly, the increased risk for the development of dilated cardiomyopathy by DOX among the cancer survivors warrants major attention from the physicians as well as researchers to develop adjuvant agents to neutralize the noxious effects of DOX on the healthy myocardium. Despite these pitfalls, the use of traditional cytotoxic drugs continues to be the mainstay treatment for several types of cancer. Recently, phytochemicals have gained attention for their anticancer, chemopreventive, and cardioprotective activities. The ideal cardioprotective agents should not compromise the clinical efficacy of DOX and should be devoid of cumulative or irreversible toxicity on the naïve tissues. Furthermore, adjuvants possessing synergistic anticancer activity and quelling of chemoresistance would significantly enhance the clinical utility in combating DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. The present review renders an overview of cardioprotective effects of plant-derived small molecules and their purported mechanisms against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Phytochemicals serve as the reservoirs of pharmacophore which can be utilized as templates for developing safe and potential novel cardioprotective agents in combating DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang F, Song Y, Zhang S, Zhou W. An LC-MS/MS method for determination of calceorioside B with cardiomyocyte protective activity in rat plasma and application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1619-22. [PMID: 25829058 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of calceorioside B (CLB) in rat plasma. Detection was performed on a Thermo Scientific Hypersil Gold chromatography column using isocratic elution with a mobile phase of methanol-5 m m ammonium acetate-formic acid (70:30:0.1, v/v/v). Mass spectrometry was performed in selection reaction monitoring mode using a positive electrospray ionization interface. Good linearity was found for CLB in plasma in the linear range of 1.00-500 ng/mL (r > 0.9960). The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of CLB in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yanqing Song
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Sixi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ludke AR, Sharma AK, Akolkar G, Bajpai G, Singal PK. Downregulation of vitamin C transporter SVCT-2 in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C645-53. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00186.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C (Vit C) has been shown to be protective against doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity. However, Vit C uptake into cardiomyocytes is poorly understood. Furthermore, whether the antioxidant enzyme reserve is enhanced by Vit C is also not known. The present study investigated an influence of Dox on Vit C transporters, expression of endogenous antioxidant reserve as well as enzymes, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in isolated cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes isolated from adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to control (culture medium 199 alone), Dox (10 μM), Vit C (25 μM), and Vit C + Dox for 24 h. Vit C transporter expression and localization, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, and apoptosis were studied. Expression and localization of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-2 (SVCT-2) in the sarcolemma was reduced by Dox, but Vit C supplementation was able to blunt this change. There was a decrease in the expression of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) due to Dox, but only GPx expression was completely prevented and Cu/Zn SOD was partially rescued by Vit C. Dox-induced decrease in antioxidant reserve and increase in oxidative stress were partially mitigated by Vit C. Dox-induced apoptosis was ameliorated by Vit C. It is suggested that cardioprotection offered by Vit C in Dox-induced cardiomyopathy may involve an upregulation of SVCT-2 transporter followed by a reduction in oxidative stress as well as blunting of cardiomyocyte injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Ludke
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Anita K. Sharma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gauri Akolkar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gunjan Bajpai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pawan K. Singal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Octavia Y, Tocchetti CG, Gabrielson KL, Janssens S, Crijns HJ, Moens AL. Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 52:1213-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 779] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
15
|
Subcellular basis of vitamin C protection against doxorubicin-induced changes in rat cardiomyocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 360:215-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
16
|
Granados-Principal S, Quiles JL, Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Sanchez-Rovira P, Ramirez-Tortosa MC. New advances in molecular mechanisms and the prevention of adriamycin toxicity by antioxidant nutrients. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1425-38. [PMID: 20385199 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, and idarubicin) are currently the most effective group of anti-neoplastic drugs used in clinical practice. Of these, doxorubicin (also called adriamycin) is a key chemotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment, although its use is limited as a consequence of the chronic and acute toxicity associated with this drug. The molecular mechanisms of doxorubicin account for both the anti-cancer and the toxic side effects. Many antioxidants have been assayed, with positive or negative results, to prevent the toxicity of doxorubicin. The present review has two main goals: (1) to report the latest findings regarding the molecular mechanisms of doxorubicin toxicity; (2) to update our understanding of the role of natural antioxidants in preventive therapy against doxorubicin-induced toxicity. This review provides new evidence for the chemoprevention of doxorubicin toxicity, making use of natural antioxidants - in particular vitamin E, vitamin C, coenzyme Q, carotenoids, vitamin A, flavonoids, polyphenol, resveratrol, antioxidant from virgin olive oil and selenium - and offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms of doxorubicin toxicity with respect to DNA damage, free radicals and other parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Granados-Principal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix Verdú, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Veneroso C, Tuñón MJ, González-Gallego J, Collado PS. Melatonin reduces cardiac inflammatory injury induced by acute exercise. J Pineal Res 2009; 47:184-191. [PMID: 19627457 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2009.00699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac muscle tissue, when stimulated by acute exercise, presents increased signs of cell damage. This study was designed to investigate whether overexpression of inflammatory mediators induced in the heart by acute exercise could be prevented by melatonin and whether the protective effect of melatonin was related with inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation. Male Wistar rats received melatonin i.p. at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg body weight 3 min before being exercised for 60 min on a treadmill at a speed of 25 m/min and a 10% slope. Exercise was associated with a significant increase in myeloperoxidase activity and in TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6 mRNA levels. Both mRNA level and protein concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 were also significantly elevated. A significant activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) was observed in exercised rats. These effects were totally or partially prevented by melatonin administration. Data obtained indicate that melatonin protects against heart damage caused by acute exercise. Impaired production of noxious mediators involved in the inflammatory process and down-regulation of the NF-kappaB signal transduction pathway appear to contribute to the beneficial effects of melatonin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Veneroso
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain
| | - María J Tuñón
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Y, El-Sikhry H, Chaudhary KR, Batchu SN, Shayeganpour A, Jukar TO, Bradbury JA, Graves JP, DeGraff LM, Myers P, Rouse DC, Foley J, Nyska A, Zeldin DC, Seubert JM. Overexpression of CYP2J2 provides protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H37-46. [PMID: 19429816 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00983.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Human cytochrome P-450 (CYP)2J2 is abundant in heart and active in biosynthesis of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Recently, we demonstrated that these eicosanoid products protect myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury. The present study utilized transgenic (Tr) mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of human CYP2J2 to investigate protection toward toxicity resulting from acute (0, 5, or 15 mg/kg daily for 3 days, followed by 24-h recovery) or chronic (0, 1.5, or 3.0 mg/kg biweekly for 5 wk, followed by 2-wk recovery) doxorubicin (Dox) administration. Acute treatment resulted in marked elevations of serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase levels that were significantly greater in wild-type (WT) than CYP2J2 Tr mice. Acute treatment also resulted in less activation of stress response enzymes in CYP2J2 Tr mice (catalase 750% vs. 300% of baseline, caspase-3 235% vs. 165% of baseline in WT vs. CYP2J2 Tr mice). Moreover, CYP2J2 Tr hearts exhibited less Dox-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis (measured by TUNEL) compared with WT hearts. After chronic treatment, comparable decreases in body weight were observed in WT and CYP2J2 Tr mice. However, cardiac function, assessed by measurement of fractional shortening with M-mode transthoracic echocardiography, was significantly higher in CYP2J2 Tr than WT hearts after chronic Dox treatment (WT 37 +/- 2%, CYP2J2 Tr 47 +/- 1%). WT mice also had larger increases in beta-myosin heavy chain and cardiac ankryin repeat protein compared with CYP2J2 Tr mice. CYP2J2 Tr hearts had a significantly higher rate of Dox metabolism than WT hearts (2.2 +/- 0.25 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.50 ng.min(-1).100 microg protein(-1)). In vitro data from H9c2 cells demonstrated that EETs attenuated Dox-induced mitochondrial damage. Together, these data suggest that cardiac-specific overexpression of CYP2J2 limited Dox-induced toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim DS, Ha KC, Kwon DY, Kim MS, Kim HR, Chae SW, Chae HJ. Kaempferol protects ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiac damage through the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2008; 30:257-70. [PMID: 18569083 DOI: 10.1080/08923970701812530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether or not the ER stress and Bcl-2 proteins are linked to the protective effect of kaempferol, a phytoestrogen, on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced cardiac damage. In order to determine if kaempferol modifies the I/R-induced response in H9c2 cardiac muscle cells, the cells were exposed to kaempferol followed by ischemia 12h/reperfusion 4h. kaempferol had a protective effect on the apoptosis induced by I/R in the cardiac muscle cells. The Kaempferol treatment significantly increased the expression level of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, but decreased the level of the pro-apoptotic protein, bax. Kaempferol down-regulated the expressions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins, GRP78, ATF-6alpha, XBP-2, IRE1-alpha, phosphor-eIF-2alpha and CHOP. In ex vivo-Langendorff experiment, the kaempferol treatment regulated the expression of ER stress proteins-CHOP and GRP78. The kaempferol also improved the post-ischemic LVEDP and LVDP significantly after 20, 30, 40 and 50 min of reperfusion compared with the untreated control hearts, which shows that kaempferol offers protection against I/R-associated cardiac dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Do-Sung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Trial Center, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wonders KY, Hydock DS, Hayward R. Time-course of changes in cardiac function during recovery after acute exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2007; 32:1164-9. [DOI: 10.1139/h07-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced cardiac dysfunction (EICD) has been observed immediately following exhaustive exercise in trained individuals, but limited and conflicting data are available regarding EICD in a previously untrained population days after an exhaustive exercise bout. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a single bout of acute exercise on cardiac function during the 72 h after exercise and identify potential contributing mechanisms. After completing an acute exercise bout on a motorized treadmill (25 m/min, 5% grade, 60 min), rats were sacrificed immediately, 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h after the exercise bout. At the scheduled time of sacrifice, hearts were isolated and perfused for determination of ex vivo cardiac function, and examined for malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation index, and antioxidant potential (AOP). During the 48 h post exercise, left ventricular developed pressure decreased by 30%, dP/dtmax declined by 37%, and dP/dtmin showed a 34% decrease (p < 0.05). By 72 h, cardiac function had returned to control levels. MDA was increased immediately after the exercise bout and at the 24 and 48 h intervals (p < 0.05). Conversely, AOP progressively decreased at the 24 and 48 h intervals. As with cardiac function, MDA and AOP had returned to control levels by 72 h post-exercise. These data indicate that a single bout of prolonged, moderately intense exercise performed by previously sedentary rats impaired cardiac function for up to 48 h. This decrement in cardiac function was associated with increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Y. Wonders
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, 2780 Gunter Hall, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - David S. Hydock
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, 2780 Gunter Hall, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Reid Hayward
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, 2780 Gunter Hall, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Su B, Yang YB, Tuo QH, Zhu BY, Lei XY, Yin W, Liao DF. Anti-apoptotic effects of probucol are associated with downregulation of Daxx expression in THP-1 macrophage. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2007; 21:37-45. [PMID: 17370120 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-007-6002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the relationship between Daxx expression and the antiapoptotic effects of probucol in THP-1 macrophage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Apoptosis of THP-1 derived macrophages was induced by exposure to oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL). The development of apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry analysis and nucleic acid-binding dye acridin orange. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the expression of Daxx and caspase-3 at both mRNA and protein level. RESULTS As expected, THP-1 macrophages exposed to 100 mg/l oxLDL for 48 h exhibited typical morphologic changes of apoptosis, including condensed chromatin and shrunken nucleus. oxLDL treatment markedly increased Daxx expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and facilitated Daxx translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus. The percentage of cells with Daxx in nuclei was significantly increased from 8 to 59%. Treatment with probucol (50 micromol/l) for 4 h prior to exposure to oxLDL significantly inhibited Daxx expression and THP-1 macrophage apoptosis by 61.3%. Furthermore, oxLDL enhanced caspase-3 expression with increased mRNA and protein levels, but without obvious change in translocation of caspase-3 (the cells with nuclear Daxx: 14 vs 8%). In contrast, probucol attenuated oxLDL-stimulated caspase-3 expression in THP-1 macrophages. CONCLUSION OxLDL-induced apoptosis of THP-1 macrophage is associated with Daxx up-regulation; while inhibition of apoptosis by probucol is related to decreased Daxx expression and nuclear translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Su
- Division of Pharmacoproteomics, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Nanhua University, Changsheng Western Road 28#, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|