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Naseem N, Khaliq T, Jan S, Nabi S, Sultan P, Hassan QP, Mir FA. An overview on pharmacological significance, phytochemical potential, traditional importance and conservation strategies of Dioscorea deltoidea: A high valued endangered medicinal plant. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31245. [PMID: 38826718 PMCID: PMC11141387 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. ex Griseb. is an endangered species of the Dioscoreaceae family. It is the most commonly consumed wild species as a vegetable due to its high protein, vital amino acid, vitamin, and mineral content. There are approximately 613 species in the genus Dioscorea Plum. ex L., which is found in temperate and tropical climates. Dioscorea deltoidea, a plant species widespread across tropical and sub-tropical regions, called by different names in different languages. In English, it is commonly referred to as "Wild yam" or "Elephant foot". The Sanskrit name for this plant is "Varahikand," while in Hindi, it is known as "Gun" or "Singly-mingly." The Urdu language refers to it as "Qanis," and in Nepali, it is called "Tarul," "Bhyakur," or "Ghunar." Dioscorea deltoidea has been used to cure a wide range of human ailments for centuries. This plant has nutritional and therapeutic uses and also contains high amounts of steroidal saponins, allantoin, polyphenols, and most notably, polysaccharides and diosgenin. These bioactive chemicals have shown potential in providing protection against a wide spectrum of inflammatory conditions, including enteritis (inflammation of the intestines), arthritis (joint inflammation), dermatitis (skin inflammation), acute pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), and neuro inflammation (inflammation in the nervous system). Furthermore, the valuable bioactive chemicals found in D. deltoidea have been associated with a range of beneficial biological activities, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, and cytotoxic properties. Sapogenin steroidal chemicals are highly valued in the fields of medicine, manufacturing, and commerce. It has both expectorant and sedative properties. It is employed in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, encompassing various ailments related to the heart and blood vessels, skin disease, cancer, immune deficiencies, and autoimmune diseases. Additionally, it finds application in managing disorders of the central nervous system and dysfunctional changes in the female reproductive system. Furthermore, it is valued for its role in treating bone and joint diseases. Metabolic disorders are also among the ailments for which D. deltoidea is employed. It has traditionally been used as a vermifuge, fish poison, and to kill lice. Diosgenin, a steroidal compound found in D. deltoidea, plays a crucial role as a precursor in the chemical synthesis of various hormones. Due to the presence of valuable bioactive molecule, like corticosterone and sigmasterol, D. deltoidea is cultivated specifically for the extraction of these beneficial phytochemicals. The current study aims to assess D. deltoidea's medicinal properties, ethnobotanical usage, phytochemicals, pharmacological properties, threats, and conservation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzhat Naseem
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, 190005, India
| | - Tahirah Khaliq
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, 190005, India
| | - Sami Jan
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, 190005, India
| | - Shakir Nabi
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, 190005, India
| | - Phalisteen Sultan
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, 190005, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Qazi Parvaiz Hassan
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, 190005, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Firdous Ahmad Mir
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India
- Plant science, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, 190005, India
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Liu S, Kohler A, Langer R, Jakob MO, Salm L, Blank A, Beldi G, Jakob SM. Hepatic blood flow regulation but not oxygen extraction capability is impaired in prolonged experimental abdominal sepsis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G348-G361. [PMID: 36044679 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00109.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired oxygen utilization has been proposed to play a significant role in sepsis-induced liver dysfunction, but its magnitude and temporal course during prolonged resuscitation is controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the capability of the liver to increase oxygen extraction in sepsis during repeated acute portal vein blood flow reduction. Twenty anesthetized and mechanically ventilated pigs with hepatic hemodynamic monitoring were randomized to fecal peritonitis or controls (n = 10, each). After 8-h untreated sepsis, the animals were resuscitated for three days. The ability to increase hepatic O2 extraction was evaluated by repeated, acute decreases in hepatic oxygen delivery (Do2) via reduction of portal flow. Blood samples for liver function and liver biopsies were obtained repeatedly. Although liver function tests, ATP content, and Do2 remained unaltered, there were signs of liver injury in blood samples and overt liver cell necrosis in biopsies. With acute portal vein occlusion, hepatic Do2 decreased more in septic animals compared with controls [max. decrease: 1.66 ± 0.68 mL/min/kg in sepsis vs. 1.19 ± 0.42 mL/min/kg in controls; portal venous flow (Qpv) reduction-sepsis interaction: P = 0.028]. Hepatic arterial buffer response (HABR) was impaired but recovered after 3-day resuscitation, whereas hepatic oxygen extraction increased similarly during the procedures in both groups (max. increase: 0.27 ± 0.13 in sepsis vs. 0.18 ± 0.09 in controls; all P > 0.05). Our data indicate maintained capacity of the liver to acutely increase O2 extraction, whereas blood flow regulation is transiently impaired with the potential to contribute to liver injury in sepsis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The capacity to acutely increase hepatic O2 extraction with portal flow reduction is maintained in sepsis with accompanying liver injury, but hepatic blood flow regulation is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchen Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kohler
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rupert Langer
- Institute of Pathology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manuel O Jakob
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lilian Salm
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annika Blank
- Institute of Pathology, Triemlispital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Guido Beldi
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan M Jakob
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Xu ML, Peng B, Bai J, Li L, Du Y, Wang ZQ, Li SS, Liu XX, Dong YY, Wu JZ, Xiong LX, Chen L, Li HB, Jiang HL. Diosgenin exerts an antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats via gut-brain communication. Food Funct 2022; 13:9532-9543. [PMID: 35997017 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00946c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is well-established to regulate host blood pressure. Diosgenin is a natural steroid sapogenin with documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antihypertensive properties. We aimed to investigate whether the antihypertensive effects of diosgenin are mediated by the microbiota-gut-brain axis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 15-Week-old male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and age-matched SHR were randomly distributed into three groups: WKY, SHR treated with a vehicle, and SHR treated with diosgenin (100 mg kg-1). Our results showed that diosgenin prevented elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy in SHR. Moreover, the gut microbiota composition and intestinal integrity were improved. Furthermore, increased butyrate-producing bacteria and plasma butyrate and decreased plasma lipopolysaccharides were observed in SHR treated with diosgenin. These findings were associated with reduced microglial activation and neuroinflammation in the paraventricular nucleus. Our findings suggest that diosgenin attenuates hypertension by reshaping the gut microbiota and improving the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lu Xu
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China. .,Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Juan Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brian Science, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Sha-Sha Li
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Dong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Jun-Zhe Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Ling-Xiao Xiong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Hong-Li Jiang
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Wang L, Yao M, Hu Y, Chen C, Jin L, Ma X, Yang H. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Diosgenin Hydroxamic Acid and Quaternary Phosphonium Salt Derivatives. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:786-791. [PMID: 35586422 PMCID: PMC9109269 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosgenin, a component separated from Dioscorea plants, is an important starting material for steroid hormone drugs and semisynthetic steroids. In the work, two series of diosgenin derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their cellular anticancer activities. Most of the target compounds exhibited good inhibitory activities against four cell lines, Aspc-1 (human colon adenocarcinoma cells), H358 (human nonsmall cell lung cancer cells), HCT116 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells), and SW620 (human metastatic pancreatic cancer cells). Among them, the representative compound 2.2f exhibited 7.9-341.7-fold antiproliferative activities against the above-mentioned four cell lines compared with the lead compound diosgenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Maoling Yao
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuegao Hu
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Congdi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liming Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Liu A, Zhang W, Wang S, Wang Y, Hong J. HMGB-1/RAGE signaling inhibition by dioscin attenuates hippocampal neuron damage induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:231. [PMID: 33149785 PMCID: PMC7604738 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is one of the most common clinical diseases characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Neurocyte apoptosis and a cascade of inflammatory signals following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) may contribute to secondary brain damage, resulting in severe neurological damage. It has been reported that dioscin, a natural steroid saponin, exerts anti-inflammatory properties against different diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the role of dioscin in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) induction in hippocampal cells in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro study, hippocampal cells were collected from rat embryos of gestational age of E18. The oxygen-glucose deprivation model in primary hippocampal neurons was used to mimic cerebral IRI in vitro. To select the optimum dioscin concentration and acting time, cell viability was evaluated by a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Neurons subjected to OGD/R were treated with dioscin and the inflammatory cytokines, high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB-1)/receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) signaling molecules and apoptosis-associated genes were determined. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was detected. Furthermore, the effects of dioscin on the antioxidant defense mechanisms were evaluated by measuring the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and the glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulphide (GSSG) ratio. In addition, OGD/R-induced cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-HMGB-1 and treated with dioscin, and the neuronal cell apoptosis rate was determined using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2-deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the inflammatory factors were measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. For the in vivo investigation, the oxidation and anti-oxidation system in rat hippocampal tissue was evaluated by detecting the expression of the aforementioned oxidative stress-associated proteins, 3-NT as well as 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). In the hippocampal region, the apoptotic rate was determined using a TUNEL assay. The results demonstrated that dioscin at a dose of 400 ng/ml significantly reversed the increase in the expression levels of the inflammatory factors and attenuated those of apoptotic cytokines induced by OGD/R. Additionally, dioscin notably reversed the OGD/R-mediated activation of the HMGB-1/RAGE signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Cell treatment with dioscin significantly attenuated ROS production and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, increasing the expression of HMGB-1 inhibited the protective effects of dioscin on cell apoptosis in the OGD/R-induced neurons. Furthermore, HMGB-1 overexpression reversed the antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of dioscin on neurons. The results of the present study indicated that dioscin exerted anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects via the HMGB-1/RAGE signaling pathway. These results suggest a novel perspective of the protective effects of dioscin as a prospective remedial factor for IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China.,Department of Brain Trauma, Hebei Institute of Head Trauma, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China.,Department of Brain Trauma, Hebei Institute of Head Trauma, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China.,Department of Brain Trauma, Hebei Institute of Head Trauma, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China.,Department of Brain Trauma, Hebei Institute of Head Trauma, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China.,Department of Brain Trauma, Hebei Institute of Head Trauma, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
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Sun GC, Jan CR, Liang WZ. Exploring the impact of a naturally occurring sapogenin diosgenin on underlying mechanisms of Ca 2+ movement and cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:395-403. [PMID: 31709706 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Literature has shown that diosgenin, a naturally occurring sapogenin, inducedcytotoxic effects in many cancer models. This study investigated the effect of diosgenin on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]i) and cytotoxicity in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Diosgenin (250-1000 μM) caused [Ca2+ ]i rises which was reduced by Ca2+ removal. Treatment with thapsigargin eliminated diosgenin-induced [Ca2+ ]i increases. In contrast, incubation with diosgeninabolished thapsigargin-caused [Ca2+ ]i increases. Suppression of phospholipase C with U73122 eliminated diosgenin-caused [Ca2+ ]i increases. Diosgenin evoked Mn2+ influx suggesting that diosgenin induced Ca2+ entry. Diosgenin-induced Ca2+ influx was suppressed by PMA, GF109203X, and nifedipine, econazole, or SKF96365. Diosgenin (250-600 μM) concentration-dependently decreased cell viability. However, diosgenin-induced cytotoxicity was not reversed by chelation of cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA/AM. Together, diosgenin evoked [Ca2+ ]i increases via Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx, and caused Ca2+ -non-associated deathin PC3 cells. These findings reveal a newtherapeutic potential of diosgenin for human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwo-Ching Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Cai D, Qi J, Yang Y, Zhang W, Zhou F, Jia X, Guo W, Huang X, Gao F, Chen H, Li T, Li G, Wang P, Zhang Y, Lei H. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Diosgenin-Amino Acid Derivatives with Dual Functions of Neuroprotection and Angiogenesis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224025. [PMID: 31703284 PMCID: PMC6891328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosgenin, a natural product with steroidal structure, has a wide range of clinical applications in China. It also shows great potential in the treatment of blood clots and nerve damage. To enhance the bioavailability as well as efficacy of diosgenin, eighteen diosgenin-amino acid derivatives were designed and synthesized. The neuroprotective effects of these compounds were evaluated by SH-SY5Y cell line and the biosafety was evaluated by H9c2 cell line. The results displayed that part of the derivatives' activities (EC50 < 20 μM) were higher than positive control edaravone (EC50 = 21.60 ± 3.04 μM), among which, DG-15 (EC50 = 6.86 ± 0.69 μM) exhibited the best neuroprotection. Meanwhile, biosafety evaluation showed that DG-15 had no cytotoxicity on H9c2 cell lines. Interestingly, combined neuroprotective and cytotoxic results, part of the derivatives without their protecting group were superior to compounds with protecting group. Subsequently, Giemsa staining and DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining indicated that DG-15 had a protective effect on damaged SH-SY5Y cells by reducing apoptosis. Moreover, DG-15 showed a higher role in promoting angiogenesis at high concentrations (4 mg/mL) on the chorioallantoic membrane model. This finding displayed that DG-15 had dual functions of neuroprotection and angiogenesis, which provided further insight into designing agent for the application in treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuzhong Zhang
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.L.); Tel.: +86-10-8473-8645 (H.L.)
| | - Haimin Lei
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.L.); Tel.: +86-10-8473-8645 (H.L.)
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Morais ICPDS, Moura IJL, Sabino CKB, Nicolau LAD, Souza FDM, Silva-Filho JCD, Oliveira RDCM, Medeiros JVR, Lima SGD, Oliveira APD. Cardiovascular Effect of Diosgenin in Ovariectomized Rats. J Med Food 2019; 22:248-256. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aldeidia Pereira de Oliveira
- Medicinal Plants Research Center-PI, Terezina, Piauí, Brazil
- Federal University of Piauí, Terezina, Piauí, Brazil
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9
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Abstract
The effects of diosgenin are discussed with respect to endothelial dysfunction, lipid profile, macrophage foam cell formation, VSMC viability, thrombosis and inflammation during the formation of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Chun Wu
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
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10
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Diosgenin induces genotoxic and mutagenic effects on HepG2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:98-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum) Seed Flour and Diosgenin Preserve Endothelium-Dependent Arterial Relaxation in a Rat Model of Early-Stage Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29534453 PMCID: PMC5877659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek is a common herb possessing several bioactive components including diosgenin. Here, dietary fenugreek seed flour and diosgenin were evaluated on a model of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by abdominal aortas isolated from rats receiving high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFHSD). 60 male Wistar rats were randomized into six groups: (i) negative control getting conventional rat feed regimen; (ii) positive control receiving HFHSD; (iii) a test group fed 2 g/kg bw/day fenugreek seed flour (containing 10 mg/kg bw/day diosgenin) + HFHSD; (iv) three test groups fed 1, 10 and 50 mg/kg bw/day diosgenin + HFHSD. Alimentary treatments were carried out for six weeks. The abdominal aortas were isolated, and 2 mm wide rings were sectioned off and mounted at a resting tension of 10 mN in organ baths containing Krebs solution (36 °C) exposed to 95% O2 and 5% CO2. After 60-min incubation, a norepinephrine concentration-response (E/c) curve was generated to determine their half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) value. After 60-min wash-out, a pre-contraction with norepinephrine EC50 was made, followed by an acetylcholine E/c curve. Plasma glutathione levels, glutathione-handling enzyme activities and blood antioxidant capacities were also determined. HFHSD significantly decreased the dilatory response to acetylcholine and increased plasma glutathione levels and these effects were significantly reversed by fenugreek seed flour, 10 and 50 mg/kg bw/day diosgenin. Both fenugreek and diosgenin treatments prevent HFHSD-induced endothelial dysfunction and redox changes. As fenugreek treatment was more effective at lower acetylcholine concentrations than diosgenin treatments, components of fenugreek other than diosgenin may contribute to the beneficial effects of dietary fenugreek seed flour.
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Ajdžanović V, Jarić I, Miler M, Filipović B, Šošić-Jurjević B, Ristić N, Milenkovic D, Milošević V. Diosgenin-caused changes of the adrenal gland histological parameters in a rat model of the menopause. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:48-56. [PMID: 27889068 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin of natural origin, has demonstrated benefits when it comes to the treatment of malignancies, cardiovascular issues and menopausal symptoms. In this study, we investigated the histological changes of the adrenal gland after diosgenin application in a rat model of the menopause. Middle-aged, acyclic female Wistar rats were divided into control (C; n=6) and diosgenin treated (D; n=6) groups. Diosgenin (100mg/kg b.w./day) was orally administered for four weeks, while C group received the vehicle alone. A histological approach included design-based stereology, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. The adrenal cortex volume decreased in D females by 15% (p<0.05) while the volume of adrenal medulla increased (p<0.05) by 64%, compared to the same parameters in C group. Volume density of the zona glomerulosa (expressed per absolute adrenal gland volume) in D rats increased (p<0.05) by 22% in comparison with C animals. Diosgenin treatment decreased (p<0.05) the volume density of the zona fasciculata (expressed per volume of adrenal cortex) by 15% when compared to C females. Absolute volume of the zona reticularis in D group decreased (p<0.05) by 38% in comparison with the same parameter in C rats. Also, after diosgenin application, the volume density of the zona reticularis (expressed per volume of adrenal cortex) and the zona reticularis cell volume were decreased by 51% and 20% (p<0.05) respectively, compared to C animals. Our results, reflecting a decrease in many stereological parameters of the adrenal cortex, indicate that diosgenin took over the role of corticosteroid precursors and became incorporated into steroidogenesis.
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Jayachandran KS, Vasanthi AHR, Gurusamy N. Steroidal Saponin Diosgenin from Dioscorea bulbifera Protects Cardiac Cells from Hypoxia-reoxygenation Injury Through Modulation of Pro-survival and Pro-death Molecules. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:S14-20. [PMID: 27041852 PMCID: PMC4791993 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.176114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin from plants, exhibits many biological potentials. Herein, the cardioprotective role of diosgenin is studied. Materials and Methods: The effect of diosgenin, isolated from Dioscorea bulbifera, was studied on hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. The amount of diosgenin in the plant extract was analyzed by high-performance thin layer chromatography using a solvent system comprising of chloroform:methanol:acetic acid:formic acid (13:4.5:1.5:1). Cardioprotection was checked by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Further, the release of lactate dehydrogenase, an enzyme released during cell death was checked. The proteins responsible for cell death (Bax) and cell survival (Bcl-2, hemeoxygenase-1 and Akt) were analyzed using Western blot to check the cardioprotective role of diosgenin. Conclusion: Supplementation of diosgenin mitigates HR injury, thereby exhibiting cardioprotective potential. SUMMARY The cardioprotective effect of Diosgenin was evidenced from the improved cell survival after hypoxia-reoxygenation injury demonstrated through MTT cell survival assay. The release of lactate dehydrogenase, an enzyme released during cell death was decreased by Diosgenin. Diosgenin upregulated the pro-survival molecules like B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), heme oxygenase-1 and the phosphorylation of ATK (at serine 473); and at the same time pro-.death molecules like Bax was downregulated. Thus, Diosgenin as a plant based steroidal saponin is confirmed to mitigate ischemic reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Chen Y, Xu X, Zhang Y, Liu K, Huang F, Liu B, Kou J. Diosgenin regulates adipokine expression in perivascular adipose tissue and ameliorates endothelial dysfunction via regulation of AMPK. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:155-65. [PMID: 26277096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been recognized as an active contributor to vascular function due to its paracrine effects on cells contained within vascular wall. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of diosgenin on adipokine expression in PVAT with emphasis on the regulation of endothelial function. Palmitic acid (PA) stimulation induced inflammation and dysregulation of adipokine expression in PVAT. Diosgenin treatment inhibited IKKβ phosphorylation and downregulated mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines/proteins including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), while reduced gene expressions for adiponectin, PPARγ, and arginase 1 (Arg-1) were reversed by diosgenin treatment. Diosgenin enhanced AMPK phosphorylation under basal and inflammatory conditions in PVAT, whereas knockdown of AMPK by SiRNA diminished its modulatory effect, indicating that diosgenin inhibited inflammation in an AMPK-dependent manner. We prepared conditioned medium from PA-stimulated PVAT to induce endothelial dysfunction and found that pre-treatment of PVAT with diosgenin effectively restored the loss of ACh-induced vasodilation and increased eNOS phosphorylation in rat aorta. High-fat diet feeding in rats induced inflammation in PVAT and the impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, whereas these alterations were prevented by oral administration of diosgenin at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg. In conclusion, the obtained data showed that diosgenin ameliorated inflammation-associated adipokine dysregulation, and thereby prevented endothelial dysfunction. Our findings would shed a novel insight into the potential mechanism by which diosgenin protected endothelial function against inflammatory insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaoshan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Junping Kou
- National Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Chaudhary S, Chikara SK, Sharma MC, Chaudhary A, Alam Syed B, Chaudhary PS, Mehta A, Patel M, Ghosh A, Iriti M. Elicitation of Diosgenin Production in Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) Seedlings by Methyl Jasmonate. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29889-99. [PMID: 26694357 PMCID: PMC4691151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), an elicitor of plant defense mechanisms, on the biosynthesis of diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, were investigated in six fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) varieties (Gujarat Methi-2, Kasuri-1, Kasuri-2, Pusa Early Branching, Rajasthan Methi and Maharashtra Methi-5). Treatment with 0.01% MeJA increased diosgenin levels, in 12 days old seedlings, from 0.5%-0.9% to 1.1%-1.8%. In addition, MeJA upregulated the expression of two pivotal genes of the mevalonate pathway, the metabolic route leading to diosgenin: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG) and sterol-3-β-glucosyl transferase (STRL). In particular, MeJA increased the expression of HMG and STRL genes by 3.2- and 22.2-fold, respectively, in the Gujarat Methi-2 variety, and by 25.4- and 28.4-fold, respectively, in the Kasuri-2 variety. Therefore, MeJA may be considered a promising elicitor for diosgenin production by fenugreek plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spandan Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Xcelris Labs Limited, Old Premchandnagar Road, Opp. Satyagrah Chhavani, Bodakdev, Ahmedabad-380015, Gujarat, India.
| | - Surendra K Chikara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Xcelris Labs Limited, Old Premchandnagar Road, Opp. Satyagrah Chhavani, Bodakdev, Ahmedabad-380015, Gujarat, India.
| | - Mahesh C Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, II Floor, KBIPER Building, Kadi Campus, Sector-23, Gandhinagar-382023, Gujarat, India.
| | - Abhinav Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Xcelris Labs Limited, Old Premchandnagar Road, Opp. Satyagrah Chhavani, Bodakdev, Ahmedabad-380015, Gujarat, India.
| | - Bakhtiyar Alam Syed
- Department of Biotechnology, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan-384265, Gujarat, India.
| | - Pooja S Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Xcelris Labs Limited, Old Premchandnagar Road, Opp. Satyagrah Chhavani, Bodakdev, Ahmedabad-380015, Gujarat, India.
| | - Aditya Mehta
- Department of Medical Genetics, Xcelris Labs Limited, Old Premchandnagar Road, Opp. Satyagrah Chhavani, Bodakdev, Ahmedabad-380015, Gujarat, India.
| | - Maulik Patel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Xcelris Labs Limited, Old Premchandnagar Road, Opp. Satyagrah Chhavani, Bodakdev, Ahmedabad-380015, Gujarat, India.
| | - Arpita Ghosh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Xcelris Labs Limited, Old Premchandnagar Road, Opp. Satyagrah Chhavani, Bodakdev, Ahmedabad-380015, Gujarat, India.
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy.
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CHEN Y, TANG YM, YU SL, HAN YW, KOU JP, LIU BL, YU BY. Advances in the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of diosgenin. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 13:578-87. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Badalzadeh R, Yousefi B, Tajaddini A, Ahmadian N. Diosgenin-induced protection against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury is mediated by mitochondrial KATP channels in a rat model. Perfusion 2014; 30:565-71. [DOI: 10.1177/0267659114566064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of diosgenin on myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury and the potential involvement of mitochondrial KATP (mitoKATP) channel and nitric oxide (NO) system blockades in this field. Materials and methods: After isolation of hearts of male Wister rats, the study was conducted on control and diosgenin- receiving hearts in the presence or absence of 5-HD and L-NAME (as antagonists of mitoKATP channel and NO system, respectively) in an isolated buffer-perfused heart model. Global ischaemia was induced by 30-min occlusion of aortic flow followed by 90-min reperfusion. Cardiac haemodynamics were recorded throughout the experiment using a PowerLab data acquisition system. Results: The levels of creatine kinase (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the coronary effluents were estimated colourimetrically. Diosgenin pre-administration significantly decreased the release of LDH and CK-MD into the coronary effluent as compared the with the control group (P<0.05). The left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and contractility (±dP/dt) were significantly improved and restored to pre-ischaemic values in the diosgenin-receiving group (P<0.05 ). There were no significant differences in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, coronary flow and heart rate between the control and diosgenin-treated groups during the pre-ischaemic and reperfusion periods. Blocking the mitoKATP channels by 5-HD completely eliminated the positive effect of the diosgenin on the LVDP and ±dP/dt (P<0.05 ). However, blocking the NO system by L-NAME slightly reduced the diosgenin effects and the inhibitory effect of L-NAME was less than 5-HD. Conclusion: The results showed that diosgenin may have cardioprotective effects against myocardial reperfusion injury through activating the mitoKATP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Badalzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - B Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - A Tajaddini
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,Tabriz, Iran
| | - N Ahmadian
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Role of oxidative stress, inflammation, nitric oxide and transforming growth factor-beta in the protective effect of diosgenin in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 740:379-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Bian HD, Peng XL, Huang FP, Yao D, Yu Q, Liang H. The Spectroscopy Study of the Binding of an Active Ingredient of Dioscorea Species with Bovine Serum Albumin with or without Co(2+) or Zn(2+). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:247595. [PMID: 24991225 PMCID: PMC4065670 DOI: 10.1155/2014/247595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diosgenin (DIO) is the active ingredient of Dioscorea species. The interaction of DIO with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated through spectroscopic methods under simulated physiological conditions. The fluorescence quenching data revealed that the binding of DIO to BSA without or with Co(2+) or Zn(2+) was a static quenching process. The presence of Co(2+) or Zn(2+) both increased the static quenching constants K SV and the binding affinity for the BSA-DIO system. In the sight of the competitive experiment and the negative values of ΔH (0) and ΔS (0), DIO bound to site I of BSA mainly through the hydrogen bond and Van der Waals' force. In addition, the conformational changes of BSA were studied by Raman spectra, which revealed that the secondary structure of BSA and microenvironment of the aromatic residues were changed by DIO. The Raman spectra analysis indicated that the changes of conformations, disulfide bridges, and the microenvironment of Tyr, Trp residues of BSA induced by DIO with Co(2+) or Zn(2+) were different from that without Co(2+) or Zn(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Dong Bian
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Forest Chemicals of Guangxi, Guangxi University of Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xia-Lian Peng
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Fu-Ping Huang
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Di Yao
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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Diosgenin attenuates inflammatory response induced by myocardial reperfusion injury: role of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:425-32. [PMID: 24535716 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reperfusion injury is one of the main reasons of cardiac disease morbidity. Phytopharmaceuticals are gaining importance in modern medicine of cardioprotection because of their multiplex capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diosgenin on the inflammatory response induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury and the role of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channels in this regard. Wistar rats (250-300 g) were used in this study. The Langendorff-perfused hearts of animals were subjected to a 30-min global ischemia followed by a 90-min reperfusion. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured by spectrophotometry. The levels of inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and IL-6 in the supernatant of heart's left ventricle were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay rat specific ELISA kit. The LDH release into the coronary effluent during reperfusion was significantly decreased, and cardiac contractility significantly improved by diosgenin preadministration as compared with those of control or Cremophor-EL (solvent of diosgenin) groups (398 ± 48 vs. 665 ± 65 or 650 ± 73 ml/min) (P < 0.01). Administration of diosgenin before the main ischemia significantly reduced the levels of IL-6 (P < 0.05), IL-1β, and TNF-α (P < 0.01) in the reperfusion phase of diosgenin-treated hearts as compared with untreated control hearts. Inhibition of mitoKATP channels by 5-hydroxydecanoate significantly reverses the cardioprotective effects of diosgenin (P < 0.05). The findings of the present study indicate that preconditioning with diosgenin may induce cardioprotective effect against reperfusion injury through reducing the production of inflammatory mediators and activating the mitoKATP channels.
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Participation of nitric oxide pathway in the relaxation response induced by E-cinnamaldehyde oxime in superior mesenteric artery isolated from rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 62:58-66. [PMID: 23842292 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31829013ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For many years, nitric oxide (NO) has been studied as an important mediator in the control of vascular tone. Endothelial deficiencies that diminish NO production can result in the development of several future cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and arteriosclerosis. In this context, new drugs with potential ability to donate NO have been studied. In this study, 3 aromatic oximes [benzophenone oxime, 4-Cl-benzophenone oxime, and E-cinnamaldehyde oxime (E-CAOx)] induced vasorelaxation in endothelium-denuded and intact superior mesenteric rings precontracted with phenylephrine. E-CAOx demonstrated the most potent effect, and its mechanism of action was evaluated. Vascular reactivity experiments demonstrated that the effect of E-CAOx was reduced by the presence of 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, 1H[1,2,4,]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, and (Rp)-8-(para-chlorophenylthio)guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate, suggesting the participation of NO/sGC/PKG pathway. NO donation seems to be mediated through nicatinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent reductases because 7-ethoxyresorufin decreased the effect of E-CAOx on vascular reactivity and reduced NO formation as detected by flow cytometry using the NO indicator diaminofluorescein 4,5-diacetate. Further downstream of NO donation, K+ subtype channels were also shown to be involved in the E-CAOx vasorelaxant effect. The present study showed that E-CAOx acts like an NO donor, activating NO/sGC/PKG pathway and thus K+ channels.
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Vasodilator compounds derived from plants and their mechanisms of action. Molecules 2013; 18:5814-57. [PMID: 23685938 PMCID: PMC6270466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper reviews vasodilator compounds isolated from plants that were reported in the past 22 years (1990 to 2012) and the different mechanisms of action involved in their vasodilator effects. The search for reports was conducted in a comprehensive manner, intending to encompass those metabolites with a vasodilator effect whose mechanism of action involved both vascular endothelium and arterial smooth muscle. The results obtained from our bibliographic search showed that over half of the isolated compounds have a mechanism of action involving the endothelium. Most of these bioactive metabolites cause vasodilation either by activating the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway or by blocking voltage-dependent calcium channels. Moreover, it was found that many compounds induced vasodilation by more than one mechanism. This review confirms that secondary metabolites, which include a significant group of compounds with extensive chemical diversity, are a valuable source of new pharmaceuticals useful for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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SONG JX, MA L, KOU JP, YU BY. Diosgenin reduces leukocytes adhesion and migration linked with inhibition of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expres-sion and NF-kB p65 activation in endothelial cells. Chin J Nat Med 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1009.2012.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Diosgenin ameliorates palmitate-induced endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance via blocking IKKβ and IRS-1 pathways. Atherosclerosis 2012; 223:350-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chokri A, El Abida K, Zegzouti YF, Ben Cheikh R. Endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation induced by Globularia alypum extract is mediated by EDHF in perfused rat mesenteric arterial bed. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:607-16. [PMID: 22530963 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The vasodilatory effect of Globularia alypum L. (GA) extract was evaluated in rat mesenteric arterial bed pre-contracted by continuous infusion of phenylephrine (2-4 ng/mL). Bolus injections of GA elicited dose-response vasodilation, which was abolished after endothelium removal. Addition of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (100 µmol/L), alone or in the presence of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (10 µmol/L), did not significantly affect the vasodilation of the mesenteric arterial bed in response to GA extract. These results suggest that GA-induced vasodilation is endothelium dependent but nitric oxide and prostacyclin independent. In the presence of high K(+) (60 mmol/L), the GA vasodilatory effect was completely abolished, suggesting that the vasodilation effect is mediated by hyperpolarization of the vascular cells. Also, pre-treatment with atropine (a muscarinic receptors antagonist) antagonized the GA-induced vasodilation, suggesting that the vasodilatory effect is mainly mediated by the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor through activation of endothelial muscarinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Chokri
- Laboratoire des molécules bioactives, Faculté des sciences et techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Morocco
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Patel K, Gadewar M, Tahilyani V, Patel DK. A review on pharmacological and analytical aspects of diosgenin: a concise report. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2012; 2. [PMCID: PMC4131590 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-012-0014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin is a steroidal sapogenin found in plants such as Dioscorea nipponoca, Solanum incanum, Solanum xanthocarpum and Trigonella foenum graecum. Diosgenin, biologically active phytochemicals have been used for the treatment of various types of disorder such as leukemia, inflammation, hypercholesterolemia and cancer. It is also able to prevent bone loss to the same extent as that of oestrogen. It is a typical initial intermediate for synthesis of steroidal compounds, oral contraceptives and sex hormones. Dioscorea, Costus and Trigonella are mainly used for the production of diosgenin. On the basis of literature survey it divulges that diosgenin has very impressive pharmacological profile and could be used as a medicine for the treatment of different types of disorders in the future. Thus, the present work aims to provide collective information in concern with its pharmacological activity and phytoanalytical techniques. This review will be beneficial to researches for the development of an alternative method for the treatment of innumerable diseases from diosgenin. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Patel
- />G.L.A Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Mathura, India
| | | | | | - Dinesh Kumar Patel
- />Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
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Wu GW, Gao JM, Shi XW, Zhang Q, Wei SP, Ding K. Microbial transformations of diosgenin by the white-rot basidiomycete Coriolus versicolor. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:2095-2101. [PMID: 21985022 DOI: 10.1021/np2003484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microbial transformation of diosgenin (3β-hydroxy-5-spirostene) using white-rot fungus Coriolus versicolor afforded four previously unreported polyhydroxylated steroids, 25(R)-spirost-5-en-3β,7α,15α,21-tetraol (5), 25(R)-spirost-5-en-3β,7β,12β,21-tetrol (6), (25R)-spirost-5-en-3β,7α,12β,21-tetraol (7), and (25R)-spirost-5-en-3β,7β,11α,21-tetraol (8), along with three known congeners, 25(R)-spirost-5-en-3β,7β-diol (2), 25(R)-spirost-5-en-3β,7β,21-triol (3), and 25(R)-spirost-5-en-3β,7β,12β-triol (4). These structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR as well as HR-ESIMS analysis. In addition, we provide evidence for two new microbial hydroxylations of diosgenin: C-21 primary carbon hydroxylation and C-15 hydroxylation. The 3β-hydroxyl group and double bond in the B-ring of diosgenin were found to be important structural determinants for their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Wei Wu
- Shaanxi Engineering Center of Bioresource Chemistry & Sustainable Utilization, College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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New vasorelaxant indole alkaloids, villocarines A–D from Uncaria villosa. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4075-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Morita H, Zaima K, Koga I, Saito A, Tamamoto H, Okazaki H, Kaneda T, Hashimoto T, Asakawa Y. Vasorelaxant effects of macrocyclic bis(bibenzyls) from liverworts. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4051-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lijuan W, Kupittayanant P, Chudapongse N, Wray S, Kupittayanant S. The Effects of Wild Ginger (Costus speciosus (Koen) Smith) Rhizome Extract and Diosgenin on Rat Uterine Contractions. Reprod Sci 2011; 18:516-24. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719110391278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanwisa Lijuan
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Pakanit Kupittayanant
- Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Nuannoi Chudapongse
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Susan Wray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sajeera Kupittayanant
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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Wang YJ, Pan KL, Hsieh TC, Chang TY, Lin WH, Hsu JTA. Diosgenin, a plant-derived sapogenin, exhibits antiviral activity in vitro against hepatitis C virus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:580-4. [PMID: 21391660 DOI: 10.1021/np100578u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin (3β-hydroxy-5-spirostene, 1), a plant-derived sapogenin, is used as a dietary supplement. However, the biological effects of 1 related to viral replication remain unexplored. In this study, the effects of 1 on hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication were evaluated. Based on a reporter-based HCV subgenomic replicon system, 1 was found to inhibit HCV replication at low micromolar concentrations. The EC(50) (concentration at which 50% of HCV replication is inhibited) of 1 was 3.8 μM. No cellular toxicity was observed at this concentration. Diosgenin (1) also significantly reduced the levels of viral RNA and viral proteins as evaluated by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. In addition, in an alternative HCV antiviral system more closely aligned to all steps involved in the HCV infection and life cycle, 1 totally abolished HCV replication at 20 μM. Moreover, 1 reduced the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. A combination of 1 and interferon-α exerted an additive effect on the resultant anti-HCV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jean Wang
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Esfandiarei M, Lam JTN, Yazdi SA, Kariminia A, Dorado JN, Kuzeljevic B, Syyong HT, Hu K, van Breemen C. Diosgenin Modulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function by Regulating Cell Viability, Migration, and Calcium Homeostasis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 336:925-39. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.172684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Cavalcante HMM, Ribeiro TP, Silva DF, Nunes XP, Barbosa-Filho JM, Diniz MFFM, Correia NA, Braga VA, Medeiros IA. Cardiovascular effects elicited by milonine, a new 8,14-dihydromorphinandienone alkaloid. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 108:122-30. [PMID: 20979594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular responses evoked by milonine (i.v.), an alkaloid, were investigated in rats. In normotensive rats, milonine injections produced hypotension and tachycardia, which were attenuated after N(w) -nitro-L-arginine methyl esther (L-NAME; 20 mg/kg, i.v.). In phenylephrine (10 μM), pre-contracted mesenteric artery rings, milonine (10⁻¹⁰ M to 3 × 10⁻⁴ M) caused a concentration-dependent relaxation (EC₅₀ = 1.1 × 10⁻⁶ M, E(max) = 100 ± 0.0%) and this effect was rightward shifted after either removal of the vascular endothelium (EC₅₀ = 1.6 × 10⁻⁵, p < 0.001), or after L-NAME 100 μM (EC₅₀ = 6.2 × 10⁻⁵, p < 0.001), hydroxocobalamin 30 μM (EC₅₀ = 1.1 × 10⁻⁴, p < 0.001) or ODQ 10 μM (EC₅₀ = 1.9 × 10⁻⁴ p < 0.001). In addition, in rabbit aortic endothelial cells, milonine increased NO₃⁻ levels. The relaxant effect induced by milonine was attenuated in the presence of KCl (20 mM), a modulator efflux K(+) (EC₅₀ = 1.2 × 10⁻⁵, p < 0.001), or different potassium channel blockers such as glibenclamide (10 μM) (EC₅₀ = 6.3 × 10⁻⁵, p < 0.001), TEA (1 mM) (EC₅₀ = 2.3 × 10⁻⁵ M, n = 6) or Charybdotoxin (0.2 μM) plus apamin (0.2 μM) (EC₅₀ = 3.9 × 10⁻⁴ M, n = 7). In addition, pre-contraction with high extracellular potassium concentration prevented milonine-induced vasorelaxation (EC₅₀ = 1.0 × 10⁻⁴, p < 0.001). Milonine also reduced CaCl₂ -induced contraction in Ca²(+) -free solution containing KCl (60 mM). In conclusion, using combined functional and biochemical approaches, we demonstrated that the hypotensive and vasorelaxant effects produced by milonine are, at least in part, mediated by the endothelium, likely via nitric oxide release, activation of nitric oxide-cGMP pathway and opening of K(+) channels.
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Hirasawa Y, Hara M, Nugroho AE, Sugai M, Zaima K, Kawahara N, Goda Y, Awang K, Hadi AHA, Litaudon M, Morita H. Bisnicalaterines B and C, Atropisomeric Bisindole Alkaloids from Hunteria zeylanica, Showing Vasorelaxant Activity. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4218-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1006762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hirasawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Alfarius E. Nugroho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Masatomo Sugai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Zaima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kawahara
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga 1-18-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Goda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga 1-18-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A. Hamid A. Hadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marc Litaudon
- Institut de Chimie de la Substances Naturelles, Centre Nationale de la Recherches Scientifique, 91198, Gif-sur Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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Xu Y, Han X, Dong D, Xu L, Qi Y, Peng J, Zhan L. Efficient protocol for purification of diosgenin and two fatty acids fromRhizoma dioscoreaeby SFE coupled with high-speed counter-current chromatography and evaporative light scattering detection. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3638-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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