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Mohammed ASA, Naveed M, Szabados T, Szatmári I, Lőrinczi B, Mátyus P, Czompa A, Orvos P, Husti Z, Hornyik T, Topal L, Déri S, Jost N, Virág L, Bencsik P, Baczkó I, Varró A. Effects of SZV-2649, a new multiple ion channel inhibitor mexiletine analogue. Sci Rep 2024; 14:23188. [PMID: 39369049 PMCID: PMC11455950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The antiarrhythmic and cardiac electrophysiological effects of SZV-2649 that contains a 2,6-diiodophenoxy moiety but lacks the benzofuran ring system present in amiodarone, were studied in mammalian cell line, rat and dog cardiac preparations. SZV-2649 exerted antiarrhythmic effects against coronary artery occlusion/reperfusion induced ventricular arrhythmias in rats and in acetylcholine- and burst stimulation induced atrial fibrillation in dogs. SZV-2649 inhibited hERG and GIRK currents in HEK cells (IC50: 342 and 529 nM, respectively). In canine ventricular myocytes, SZV-2649 (10 µM) decreased the densities of IKr, and Ito outward and INaL and ICaL inward currents. The compound (2.5-10 µM) elicited Class IB type Vmax reducing and Class III type action potential duration prolonging effects in dog right ventricular muscle preparations. In canine atrial muscle, SZV-2629 (2.5-10 µM) moderately prolonged action potential duration and this effect was greatly augmented in preparations pretreated with 1 µM carbachol. In conclusion, SZV-2649, has antiarrhythmic effects based on its multiple ion channel blocking properties. Since its chemical structure substantially differs from that of amiodarone, it is expected that SZV-2649 would exhibit fewer adverse effects than the currently used most effective multichannel inhibitor drug amiodarone and may be a promising molecule for further development.
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Grants
- EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00006, the UNKP for young researchers, UNKP-23-5-SZTE-704 Ministry of Human Capacities Hungary
- EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00006, the UNKP for young researchers, UNKP-23-5-SZTE-704 Ministry of Human Capacities Hungary
- EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00006, the UNKP for young researchers, UNKP-23-5-SZTE-704 Ministry of Human Capacities Hungary
- EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00006, the UNKP for young researchers, UNKP-23-5-SZTE-704 Ministry of Human Capacities Hungary
- EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00006, the UNKP for young researchers, UNKP-23-5-SZTE-704 Ministry of Human Capacities Hungary
- EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00006, the UNKP for young researchers, UNKP-23-5-SZTE-704 Ministry of Human Capacities Hungary
- EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00006, the UNKP for young researchers, UNKP-23-5-SZTE-704 Ministry of Human Capacities Hungary
- EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00006, the UNKP for young researchers, UNKP-23-5-SZTE-704 Ministry of Human Capacities Hungary
- EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00006, the UNKP for young researchers, UNKP-23-5-SZTE-704 Ministry of Human Capacities Hungary
- KDP-2020 Ministry for Innovation and Technology, Cooperative Doctoral Programme
- RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001 Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF)
- NKFIH K 135464, K 142738, K 147212 TKP2021-EGA-32, FK 138223, GINOP-2.3.2.-15-2016-00006, GINOP-2.3.2.-15-2016-00040 National Research Development and Innovation Office
- NKFIH K 135464, K 142738, K 147212 TKP2021-EGA-32, FK 138223, GINOP-2.3.2.-15-2016-00006, GINOP-2.3.2.-15-2016-00040 National Research Development and Innovation Office
- NKFIH K 135464, K 142738, K 147212 TKP2021-EGA-32, FK 138223, GINOP-2.3.2.-15-2016-00006, GINOP-2.3.2.-15-2016-00040 National Research Development and Innovation Office
- NKFIH K 135464, K 142738, K 147212 TKP2021-EGA-32, FK 138223, GINOP-2.3.2.-15-2016-00006, GINOP-2.3.2.-15-2016-00040 National Research Development and Innovation Office
- NKFIH K 135464, K 142738, K 147212 TKP2021-EGA-32, FK 138223, GINOP-2.3.2.-15-2016-00006, GINOP-2.3.2.-15-2016-00040 National Research Development and Innovation Office
- NKFIH K 135464, K 142738, K 147212 TKP2021-EGA-32, FK 138223, GINOP-2.3.2.-15-2016-00006, GINOP-2.3.2.-15-2016-00040 National Research Development and Innovation Office
- NKFIH K 135464, K 142738, K 147212 TKP2021-EGA-32, FK 138223, GINOP-2.3.2.-15-2016-00006, GINOP-2.3.2.-15-2016-00040 National Research Development and Innovation Office
- SZTE AOK-KKA 2021, SZGYA 2021, SZTE AOK-KKA 2022 The Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School institutional grant
- SZTE AOK-KKA 2021, SZGYA 2021, SZTE AOK-KKA 2022 The Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School institutional grant
- SZTE AOK-KKA 2021, SZGYA 2021, SZTE AOK-KKA 2022 The Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School institutional grant
- HUN-REN TKI project Hungarian Research Network
- HUN-REN TKI project Hungarian Research Network
- HUN-REN TKI project Hungarian Research Network
- bo_481_21 Hungarian Academy of Sciences, János Bolyai Research Scholarships
- RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003 National Heart Laboratory, Hungary
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Saleh A Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamara Szabados
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Szatmári
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint Lőrinczi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Mátyus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Czompa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Orvos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Husti
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hornyik
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Leila Topal
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Déri
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SZTE Research Group for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Hungarian Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Jost
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SZTE Research Group for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Hungarian Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Research and Development and Innovation Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Virág
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Research and Development and Innovation Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Bencsik
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Baczkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
- Interdisciplinary Research and Development and Innovation Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - András Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
- HUN-REN-SZTE Research Group for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Hungarian Research Network, Szeged, Hungary.
- Interdisciplinary Research and Development and Innovation Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Trohman RG, Sharma PS, McAninch EA, Bianco AC. Amiodarone and thyroid physiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019; 29:285-295. [PMID: 30309693 PMCID: PMC6661016 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although amiodarone is considered the most effective antiarrhythmic agent, its use is limited by a wide variety of potential toxicities. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive "bench to bedside" overview of the ways amiodarone influences thyroid function. We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE to identify peer-reviewed clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and other clinically relevant studies. The search was limited to English-language reports published between 1950 and 2017. Amiodarone was searched using the terms adverse effects, hypothyroidism, myxedema, hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm, atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmia, and electrical storm. Google and Google scholar as well as bibliographies of identified articles were reviewed for additional references. We included 163 germane references in this review. Because amiodarone is one of the most frequently prescribed antiarrhythmic drugs in the United States, the mechanistic, diagnostic and therapeutic information provided is relevant for practicing clinicians in a wide range of medical specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Trohman
- Divisions of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Parikshit S Sharma
- Divisions of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elizabeth A McAninch
- Divisions of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Divisions of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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Eschler DC, Hasham A, Tomer Y. Cutting edge: the etiology of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2012; 41:190-7. [PMID: 21234711 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-010-8245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the mechanisms leading to autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). For the first time, we are beginning to unravel these mechanisms at the molecular level. AITD, including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), are common autoimmune diseases affecting the thyroid. They have a complex etiology that involves genetic and environmental influences. Seven genes have been shown to contribute to the etiology of AITD. The first AITD gene discovered, HLA-DR3, is associated with both GD and HT. More recently, this association was dissected at the molecular level when it was shown that substitution of the neutral amino acids Ala or Gln with arginine at position beta 74 in the HLA-DR peptide binding pocket is the specific sequence change causing AITD. Non-MHC genes that confer susceptibility to AITD can be classified into two groups: (1) immune-regulatory genes (e.g., CD40, CTLA-4, and PTPN22); (2) thyroid-specific genes-thyroglobulin and TSH receptor genes. These genes interact with environmental factors, such as infection, likely through epigenetic mechanisms to trigger disease. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on disease susceptibility and modulation by environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Cocks Eschler
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, USA
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Wiersinga WM. The role of thyroid hormone nuclear receptors in the heart: evidence from pharmacological approaches. Heart Fail Rev 2008; 15:121-4. [PMID: 19096930 PMCID: PMC2820686 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-008-9131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review evaluates the hypothesis that the cardiac effects of amiodarone can be explained—at least partly—by the induction of a local ‘hypothyroid-like condition’ in the heart. Evidence supporting the hypothesis comprises the observation that amiodarone exerts an inhibitory effect on the binding of T3 to thyroid hormone receptors (TR) alpha-1 and beta-1 in vitro, and on the expression of particular T3-dependent genes in vivo. In the heart, amiodarone decreases heart rate and alpha myosin heavy chain expression (mediated via TR alpha-1), and increases sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-activated ATPase and beta myosin heavy chain expression (mediated via TR beta-1). Recent data show a significant similarity in expression profiles of 8,435 genes in the heart of hypothyroid and amiodarone-treated animals, although similarities do not always exist in transcripts of ion channel genes. Induction of a hypothyroid cardiac phenotype by amiodarone may be advantageous by decreasing energy demands and increasing energy availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilmar M Wiersinga
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Almeida MR, Lima EDO, da Silva VJD, Campos MG, Antunes LM, Salman AKD, Dias FL. Genotoxic studies in hypertensive and normotensive rats treated with amiodarone. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2008; 657:155-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Breitenstein A, Stämpfli SF, Camici GG, Akhmedov A, Ha HR, Follath F, Bogdanova A, Lüscher TF, Tanner FC. Amiodarone inhibits arterial thrombus formation and tissue factor translation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:2231-8. [PMID: 18974383 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.171272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with coronary artery disease and reduced ejection fraction, amiodarone reduces mortality by decreasing sudden death. Because the latter may be triggered by coronary artery thrombosis as much as ventricular arrhythmias, amiodarone might interfere with tissue factor (TF) expression and thrombus formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Clinically relevant plasma concentrations of amiodarone reduced TF activity and impaired carotid artery thrombus formation in a mouse photochemical injury model in vivo. PTT, aPTT, and tail bleeding time were not affected; platelet number was slightly decreased. In human endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, amiodarone inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and thrombin-induced TF expression as well as surface activity. Amiodarone lacking iodine and the main metabolite of amiodarone, N-monodesethylamiodarone, inhibited TF expression. Amiodarone did not affect mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, TF mRNA expression, and TF protein degradation. Metabolic labeling confirmed that amiodarone inhibited TF protein translation. CONCLUSIONS Amiodarone impairs thrombus formation in vivo; in line with this, it inhibits TF protein expression and surface activity in human vascular cells. These pleiotropic actions occur within the range of amiodarone concentrations measured in patients, and thus may account at least in part for its beneficial effects in patients with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Breitenstein
- Cardiovascular Research, Physiology Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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