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Kulinowski Ł, Luca SV, Pecio Ł, Minceva M, Skalicka-Woźniak K. Liquid-liquid chromatography isolation of Petasites hybridus sesquiterpenes and their LC-HR-MS/MS and NMR characterization. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115529. [PMID: 37364450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Petasites hybridus L. (butterbur, Asteraceae) is a well-known medicinal plant traditionally used as a remedy for neurological, respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal disorders. Eremophilane-type sesquiterpenes (petasins) are considered to be the major bioactive constituents of butterbur. However, efficient methods to isolate high-purity petasins in sufficient amounts for further analytical and biological testing are lacking. In this study, various sesquiterpenes were separated from a methanol rootstock extract of P. hybridus with liquid-liquid chromatography (LLC). The appropriate biphasic solvent system was selected using the predictive thermodynamic model COSMO-RS and shake-flask experiments. After the selection of the feed (extract) concentration and operating flow rate, a batch LLC experiment was performed with n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water 5/1/5/1 (v/v/v/v). For those LLC fractions containing petasin derivatives with purities < 95%, a preparative high-performance liquid chromatography purification step followed. All isolated compounds were identified by state-of-the-art spectroscopic methods, i.e., liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. As a result, six compounds were obtained, namely 8β-hydroxyeremophil-7(11)-en-12,8-olide, 2-[(angeloyl)oxy]eremophil-7(11)-en-12,8-olide, 8α/β-H-eremophil-7(11)-en-12,8-olide, neopetasin, petasin, and isopetasin. The isolated petasins can be further used as reference materials for standardization and pharmacological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kulinowski
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Simon Vlad Luca
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Mirjana Minceva
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Hashida H, Kurawaka M, Tatehana H, Arita A, Sasaki N, Shimura F, Yamazaki Y. Application to Butterbur Products of a Suggested Daily Intake-Based Safety Evaluation of Individual Herbal Supplements with Cytochrome P450 Expression as a Major Index. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2023; 69:206-219. [PMID: 37394426 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.69.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The present paper first proposes a method for ensuring the safety of commercial herbal supplements, termed the suggested daily intake-based safety evaluation (SDI-based safety evaluation). This new method was inspired as a backward analog of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) derivation from the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), the basis of food additive risk analysis; namely, rats are dosed with individual herbal supplement products at the SDI for human use multiplied by 100 (the usual uncertainty factor value) per body weight for 8 d. The primary endpoint is the sign of adverse effects on liver, especially gene expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms. The proposed method was then applied to three butterbur (Petasites hybridus) products without pyrrolizidine alkaloids but lacking clear safety information. Results showed that two oily products markedly enhanced the mRNA expression of CYP2B (>10-fold) and moderately enhanced that of CYP3A1 (<4-fold) with liver enlargement. These products also caused the renal accumulation of alpha 2-microglobulin. One powdery product showed no significant effect on liver and kidney. The large difference in effects of products was due to the difference in chemical composition revealed by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The oily and the powdery products required attention in terms of safety and effectiveness, respectively. Finally, the results from the SDI-based safety evaluation of butterbur and other herbal supplement products were grouped into four categories and cautionary notes were discussed. The SDI-based safety evaluation of their products by herbal supplement operators would contribute to safe and secure use by consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Hashida
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Sciences, Jumonji University Graduate School
| | - Misaki Kurawaka
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Sciences, Jumonji University Graduate School
| | - Haruka Tatehana
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Sciences, Jumonji University Graduate School
| | - Anna Arita
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University
| | - Naho Sasaki
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University
| | - Fumio Shimura
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Sciences, Jumonji University Graduate School
| | - Yuko Yamazaki
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University
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Kulinowski Ł, Luca SV, Minceva M, Skalicka-Woźniak K. A review on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of butterbur species (Petasites L.). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115263. [PMID: 35427728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Petasites (butterbur, Asteraceae) species have been used since Ancient times in the traditional medicine of Asian and European countries to treat central nervous system (migraine), respiratory (asthma, allergic rhinitis, bronchitis, spastic cough), cardiovascular (hypertension), gastrointestinal (ulcers) and genitourinary (dysmenorrhea) disorders. AIM OF THE REVIEW This study summarized and discussed the traditional uses, phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological aspects of Petasites genus. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search of Petasites in online databases (Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar) was performed, with the aim to find the phytochemical, toxicological and bioactivity studies. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Plants of the World Online, World Flora Online and The Plant List databases were used to describe the taxonomy and geographical distribution. RESULTS The detailed phytochemistry of the potentially active compounds of Petasites genus (e.g. sesquiterpenes, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, polyphenols and essential oils components) was presented. The bioactivity studies (cell-free, cell-based, animal, and clinical) including the traditional uses of Petasites (e.g. anti-spasmolytic, hypotensive, anti-asthmatic activities) were addressed and followed by discussion of the main pharmacokinetical and toxicological issues related to the administration of butterbur-based formulations. CONCLUSIONS This review provides a complete overview of the Petasites geographical distribution, traditional use, phytochemistry, bioactivity, and toxicity. More than 200 different sesquiterpenes (eremophilanes, furanoeremophilanes, bakkenolides), 50 phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans) and volatile compounds (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes) have been reported within the genus. Considering the phytochemical complexity and the polypharmacological potential, there is a growing research interest to extend the current therapeutical applications of Petasites preparations (anti-migraine, anti-allergic) to other human ailments, such as central nervous system, cardiovascular, malignant or microbial diseases. This research pathway is extremely important, especially in the recent context of the pandemic situation, when there is an imperious need for novel drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kulinowski
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Simon Vlad Luca
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Mirjana Minceva
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Butterbur ( Petasites hybridus) Extract Ameliorates Hepatic Damage Induced by Ovalbumin in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2020:3178214. [PMID: 33456667 PMCID: PMC7787778 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3178214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the most vital organ that could be influenced by inducers of hypersensitivity such as ovalbumin. The current study was carried out to explore the effects of butterbur (Petasites hybridus) extract on the ovalbumin-induced liver hypersensitivity in Swiss albino male mice. Animals were divided into 4 groups, 1st group served as a control group, 2nd group treated with daily oral administration of 75 mg/kg of butterbur extract, 3rd group received single oral dose 100 mg/kg of ovalbumin to induce hypersensitivity, and 4th group treated with oral administration of butterbur extract one-day post to the hypersensitivity induction. Ovalbumin induces a significant increase in the activity of liver enzymes and MDA and decreased the activity of CAT after the ovalbumin treatment. Histopathological investigations revealed marked pathological alterations in liver tissues in the form of hyaline degeneration and fibrosis. Additionally, heavy immune response indicated by immunostaining of MDA and TNF-α could be observed. In contrast, posttreatment with butterbur extract after hypersensitivity induction resulted in a significant decrease of liver enzymes and oxidative stress and reduced the inflammation and fibrosis of liver tissues. These results suggest that butterbur extract is considered as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapeutic herb for hypersensitivity treatment of liver.
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Abstract
Migraine is a disabling neurovascular disorder with few targeted, tolerable and effective treatments. Phytomedicines, or plant-based medicinal formulations, hold great promise in the identification of novel therapeutic targets in migraine. Many patients also turn toward herbal and plant-based therapies for the treatment of their migraines as clinical and preclinical evidence of efficacy increases. Patients seek effective and tolerable treatments instead of or in addition to current conventional pharmacologic therapies. We review some phytomedicines potentially useful for migraine treatment-feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), butterbur (Petasites hybridus), marijuana (Cannabis spp.), Saint John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) and the Damask rose (Rosa × damascena)-with respect to their mechanisms of action and evidence for treatment of migraine. The evidence for feverfew is mixed; butterbur is effective with potential risks of hepatotoxicity related to preparation; marijuana has not been shown to be effective in migraine treatment, and data are scant; Saint John's Wort shows relevant physiological activity but is a hepatic enzyme inducer and lacks clinical studies for this purpose; the Damask rose when used in topical preparations did not show efficacy in one clinical trial. Other plant preparations have been considered for migraine treatment but most without blinded randomized, placebo-controlled trial evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilinie Rajapakse
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Women and Children's Research Institute, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - William Jeptha Davenport
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Slavin M, Bourguignon J, Jackson K, Orciga MA. Impact of Food Components on in vitro Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Secretion-A Potential Mechanism for Dietary Influence on Migraine. Nutrients 2016; 8:E406. [PMID: 27376323 PMCID: PMC4963882 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a pivotal messenger in the inflammatory process in migraine. Limited evidence indicates that diet impacts circulating levels of CGRP, suggesting that certain elements in the diet may influence migraine outcomes. Interruption of calcium signaling, a mechanism which can trigger CGRP release, has been suggested as one potential route by which exogenous food substances may impact CGRP secretion. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of foods and a dietary supplement on two migraine-related mechanisms in vitro: CGRP secretion from neuroendocrine CA77 cells, and calcium uptake by differentiated PC12 cells. Ginger and grape pomace extracts were selected for their anecdotal connections to reducing or promoting migraine. S-petasin was selected as a suspected active constituent of butterbur extract, the migraine prophylactic dietary supplement. Results showed a statistically significant decrease in stimulated CGRP secretion from CA77 cells following treatment with ginger (0.2 mg dry ginger equivalent/mL) and two doses of grape pomace (0.25 and 1.0 mg dry pomace equivalent/mL) extracts. Relative to vehicle control, CGRP secretion decreased by 22%, 43%, and 87%, respectively. S-petasin at 1.0 μM also decreased CGRP secretion by 24%. Meanwhile, S-petasin and ginger extract showed inhibition of calcium influx, whereas grape pomace had no effect on calcium. These results suggest that grape pomace and ginger extracts, and S-petasin may have anti-inflammatory propensity by preventing CGRP release in migraine, although potentially by different mechanisms, which future studies may elucidate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Slavin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 1F8, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
| | - Julia Bourguignon
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 1F8, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
| | - Kyle Jackson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 1F8, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
| | - Michael-Angelo Orciga
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 3E1, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
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Lee KP, Kang S, Noh MS, Park SJ, Kim JM, Chung HY, Je NK, Lee YG, Choi YW, Im DS. Therapeutic effects of s-petasin on disease models of asthma and peritonitis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:45-52. [PMID: 25593643 PMCID: PMC4286749 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of extracts of Petasites genus, we studied the effects of s-petasin, a major sesquiterpene from Petasites formosanus (a butterbur species) on asthma and peritonitis models. In an ovalbumin-induced mouse asthma model, s-petasin significantly inhibited the accumulations of eosinophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar fluids. S-petasin inhibited the antigen-induced degranulation of β-hexosamidase but did not inhibit intracellular Ca(2+) increase in RBL-2H3 mast cells. S-petasin inhibited the LPS induction of iNOS at the RNA and protein levels in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, s-petasin inhibited the production of NO (the product of iNOS) in a concentration-dependent manner in the macrophages. Furthermore, in an LPS-induced mouse model of peritonitis, s-petasin significantly inhibited the accumulation of polymorpho nuclear and mononuclear leukocytes in peritoneal cavity. This study shows that s-petasin in Petasites genus has therapeutic effects on allergic and inflammatory diseases, such as, asthma and peritonitis through degranulation inhibition in mast cells, suppression of iNOS induction and production of NO in macrophages, and suppression of inflammatory cell accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Pil Lee
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735
| | - Saeromi Kang
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735
| | - Min-Soo Noh
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735
| | - Jung-Min Kim
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735
| | - Nam Kyung Je
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735
| | - Young-Geun Lee
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735
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Orr SL, Venkateswaran S. Nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of pediatric migraine: Evidence-based review and recommendations. Cephalalgia 2014; 34:568-83. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102413519512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The literature on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is expanding. One of the most common conditions for which CAM is studied in the pediatric population is migraine. Nutraceuticals are a form of CAM that is being used for pediatric migraine prophylaxis. Methods A literature search was carried out in order to identify both observational studies and randomized controlled trials on the use of nutraceuticals for the prophylaxis of pediatric migraine. Adult studies on included nutraceuticals were also reviewed. Review Thirty studies were reviewed on six different nutraceuticals: butterbur, riboflavin, ginkgolide B, magnesium, coenzyme Q10 and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conclusion Overall, the quality of the evidence for the use of nutraceuticals in pediatric migraine prophylaxis is poor. Further research needs to be done in order to study the efficacy of nutraceuticals for the prophylaxis of pediatric migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena L Orr
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sunita Venkateswaran
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Sen T, Samanta SK. Medicinal plants, human health and biodiversity: a broad review. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 147:59-110. [PMID: 25001990 DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity contributes significantly towards human livelihood and development and thus plays a predominant role in the well being of the global population. According to WHO reports, around 80 % of the global population still relies on botanical drugs; today several medicines owe their origin to medicinal plants. Natural substances have long served as sources of therapeutic drugs, where drugs including digitalis (from foxglove), ergotamine (from contaminated rye), quinine (from cinchona), and salicylates (willow bark) can be cited as some classical examples.Drug discovery from natural sources involve a multifaceted approach combining botanical, phytochemical, biological, and molecular techniques. Accordingly, medicinal-plant-based drug discovery still remains an important area, hitherto unexplored, where a systematic search may definitely provide important leads against various pharmacological targets.Ironically, the potential benefits of plant-based medicines have led to unscientific exploitation of the natural resources, a phenomenon that is being observed globally. This decline in biodiversity is largely the result of the rise in the global population, rapid and sometimes unplanned industrialization, indiscriminate deforestation, overexploitation of natural resources, pollution, and finally global climate change.Therefore, it is of utmost importance that plant biodiversity be preserved, to provide future structural diversity and lead compounds for the sustainable development of human civilization at large. This becomes even more important for developing nations, where well-planned bioprospecting coupled with nondestructive commercialization could help in the conservation of biodiversity, ultimately benefiting mankind in the long run.Based on these findings, the present review is an attempt to update our knowledge about the diverse therapeutic application of different plant products against various pharmacological targets including cancer, human brain, cardiovascular function, microbial infection, inflammation, pain, and many more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhinadri Sen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India,
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Dai D, Pei L, Tang L, Chen F, Chen X. LC-MS/MS determination of bakkenolide D in rats plasma and its application in pharmacokinetic studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1200-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Dai
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Design and Nutrition Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology; Zhejiang University; Ningbo; 315100; China
| | - Lixia Pei
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai; 200032; China
| | - Lin Tang
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College; Ningbo; 315100; China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical College; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs; Haikou; 571101; China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao; China
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Vasodilator compounds derived from plants and their mechanisms of action. Molecules 2013; 18:5814-57. [PMID: 23685938 PMCID: PMC6270466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper reviews vasodilator compounds isolated from plants that were reported in the past 22 years (1990 to 2012) and the different mechanisms of action involved in their vasodilator effects. The search for reports was conducted in a comprehensive manner, intending to encompass those metabolites with a vasodilator effect whose mechanism of action involved both vascular endothelium and arterial smooth muscle. The results obtained from our bibliographic search showed that over half of the isolated compounds have a mechanism of action involving the endothelium. Most of these bioactive metabolites cause vasodilation either by activating the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway or by blocking voltage-dependent calcium channels. Moreover, it was found that many compounds induced vasodilation by more than one mechanism. This review confirms that secondary metabolites, which include a significant group of compounds with extensive chemical diversity, are a valuable source of new pharmaceuticals useful for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Abstract
Nutrition must affect the structure and functioning of the brain. Since the brain has very high metabolic activity, what we consume throughout the day is likely to dramatically influence both its structure and moment to moment function. It follows that nutritional approaches to all neurological disorders are being researched and entering medical practice, while nutraceutical use is a mainstay of public habits. This review discusses the biological basis for non-conventional or non-mainstream approaches to the treatment of migraine. This requires at least limited discussion of current migraine pathophysiologic theory. How nutrients and other chemicals and approaches are mechanistically involved within migraine pathways is the focus of this article. The nutraceuticals reviewed in detail are: magnesium, riboflavin, coenzyme Q10, petasites, and feverfew with additional comments on marijuana and oxygen/hyperbaric oxygen. This article reviews the science when known related to the potential genetic susceptibility and sensitivity to these treatments. As we know, the basic science in this field is very preliminary, so whether to combine approaches and presumably mechanisms or use them alone or with or without conventional therapies is far from clear. Nonetheless, as more patients and providers participate in patient-centered approaches to care, knowledge of the science underpinning nutritional, nutraceutical, and complementary approaches to treatment for migraine will certainly benefit this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick R Taylor
- From the Park Nicollet Headache Center, Park Nicollet Health Services, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Shih CH, Huang TJ, Chen CM, Lin YL, Ko WC. S-Petasin, the Main Sesquiterpene of Petasites formosanus, Inhibits Phosphodiesterase Activity and Suppresses Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:132374. [PMID: 19641087 PMCID: PMC3094704 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
S-Petasin is the main sesquiterpene of Petasites formosanus, a traditional folk medicine used to treat hypertension, tumors and asthma in Taiwan. The aim of the present study was to investigate its inhibitory effects on phosphodiesterase (PDE) 1–5, and on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a murine model of allergic asthma. S-Petasin concentration-dependently inhibited PDE3 and PDE4 activities with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 25.5, and 17.5 μM, respectively. According to the Lineweaver-Burk analysis, S-petasin competitively inhibited PDE3 and PDE4 activities with respective dissociation constants for inhibitor binding (Ki) of 25.3 and 18.1 μM, respectively. Both IC50 and Ki values for PDE3 were significantly greater than those for PDE4. S-Petasin (10–30 μmol/kg, administered subcutaneously (s.c.)) dose-dependently and significantly attenuated the enhanced pause (Penh) value induced by methacholine (MCh) in sensitized and challenged mice. It also significantly suppressed the increases in total inflammatory cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and levels of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and IL-5, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of these mice. In addition, S-petasin (10–30 μmol/kg, s.c.) dose-dependently and significantly attenuated total and OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in the serum and BALF, and enhanced the IgG2a level in serum of these mice. The PDE4H value of S-petasin was >300 μM; therefore, its PDE4H/PDE4L value was calculated to be >17. In conclusion, the present results for S-petasin at least partially explain why Petasites formosanus is used as a folk medicine to treat asthma in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hung Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
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Sutherland A, Sweet BV. Butterbur: An alternative therapy for migraine prevention. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2010; 67:705-11. [DOI: 10.2146/ajhp090136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sutherland
- Department of Pharmacy Services University of Michigan Health System Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5008
| | - Burgunda V. Sweet
- Department of Pharmacy Services University of Michigan Health System Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5008
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Wang GJ, Lin YL, Chen CH, Wu XC, Liao JF, Ren J. Cellular calcium regulatory machinery of vasorelaxation elicited by petasin. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 37:309-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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