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PET Imaging of the Neuropeptide Y System: A Systematic Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123726. [PMID: 35744852 PMCID: PMC9227365 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a vastly studied biological peptide with numerous physiological functions that activate the NPY receptor family (Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5). Moreover, these receptors are correlated with the pathophysiology of several diseases such as feeding disorders, anxiety, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, some types of cancers and others. In order to deepen the knowledge of NPY receptors' functions and molecular mechanisms, neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) have been used. The development of new radiotracers for the different NPY receptors and their subsequent PET studies have led to significant insights into molecular mechanisms involving NPY receptors. This article provides a systematic review of the imaging biomarkers that have been developed as PET tracers in order to study the NPY receptor family.
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Hesk D, Koharski D, McNamara P, Royster P, Saluja S, Truong V, Voronin K. Synthesis of 3 H, 13 C 2 , 2 H 414 C-SCH 430765 and 35 S-SCH 500946, potent and selective inhibitors of the NPY 5 receptor. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:533-539. [PMID: 29493011 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCH 430765 and SCH 500496 are potent and selective antagonists of the NPY5 receptor. NPY5 receptor antagonists have the potential for the treatment of obesity. [35 S]SCH 500946 was prepared for a competition binding assay which led to the identification of SCH 430765. Three distinct isotopically labelled forms of SCH 430765 were synthesized. [3 H]SCH 430765 was prepared for a preliminary absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion data evaluation of the compound and [14 C]SCH 430765 for more definitive absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion data work. In addition, [13 C2 ,2 H4 ]SCH 430765 was prepared as an internal standard for a LC-MS bioanalytical method. The paper discusses the synthesis of 3 isotopically labelled forms of SCH 430765 and [35 S]SCH 500946.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hesk
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - D Koharski
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - P McNamara
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - P Royster
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - S Saluja
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - V Truong
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - K Voronin
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
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Baumeister P, Erdmann D, Biselli S, Kagermeier N, Elz S, Bernhardt G, Buschauer A. [(3) H]UR-DE257: development of a tritium-labeled squaramide-type selective histamine H2 receptor antagonist. ChemMedChem 2014; 10:83-93. [PMID: 25320025 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of new piperidinomethylphenoxypropylamine-type histamine H2 receptor (H2 R) antagonists with different substituted "urea equivalents" was synthesized and characterized in functional in vitro assays. Based on these data as selection criteria, radiosynthesis of N-[6-(3,4-dioxo-2-{3-[3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenoxy]propylamino}cyclobut-1-enylamino)hexyl]-(2,3-(3) H2 )propionic amide ([(3) H]UR-DE257) was performed. The radioligand (specific activity: 63 Ci mmol(-1) ) had high affinity for human, rat, and guinea pig H2 R (hH2 R, Sf9 cells: Kd , saturation binding: 31 nM, kinetic studies: 20 nM). UR-DE257 revealed high H2 R selectivity on membranes of Sf9 cells, expressing the respective hHx R subtype (Ki values: hH1 R: >10000 nM, hH2 R: 28 nM, hH3 R: 3800 nM, hH4 R: >10000 nM). In spite of insurmountable antagonism, probably due to rebinding of [(3) H]UR-DE257 to the H2 R (extended residence time), the title compound proved to be a valuable pharmacological tool for the determination of H2 R affinities in competition binding assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Baumeister
- Institut für Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische/Medizinische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg (Germany)
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Burns JF, Chen B, Chen CA, Doller D, Edelmenky E, Jiang Y, Peterson JM, Sabio M, Weiss J, White AD, Wu L, Bhardwaj R, Chandrasena G, Boyle NJ, Huang X. cis-1-Oxo-heterocyclyl-4-amido cyclohexane derivatives as NPY5 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1458-61. [PMID: 24582476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The NPY5 receptor binding and pharmacokinetic properties of a novel series of cis-1-oxo-heterocyclyl-4-amido-cyclohexane derivatives are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ford Burns
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Chien-An Chen
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Dario Doller
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Eman Edelmenky
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - John M Peterson
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA.
| | - Michael Sabio
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Jessie Weiss
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Andrew D White
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Rajinder Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Gamini Chandrasena
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Noel J Boyle
- Department of Biological Research, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Xinyan Huang
- Department of Biological Research, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
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Guo D, Hillger JM, IJzerman AP, Heitman LH. Drug-Target Residence Time-A Case for G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Med Res Rev 2014; 34:856-92. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Guo
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research; Leiden University; P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Julia M. Hillger
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research; Leiden University; P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P. IJzerman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research; Leiden University; P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Laura H. Heitman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research; Leiden University; P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden the Netherlands
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Pedragosa-Badia X, Stichel J, Beck-Sickinger AG. Neuropeptide Y receptors: how to get subtype selectivity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:5. [PMID: 23382728 PMCID: PMC3563083 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y (NPY) system is a multireceptor/multiligand system consisting of four receptors in humans (hY(1), hY(2), hY(4), hY(5)) and three agonists (NPY, PYY, PP) that activate these receptors with different potency. The relevance of this system in diseases like obesity or cancer, and the different role that each receptor plays influencing different biological processes makes this system suitable for the design of subtype selectivity studies. In this review we focus on the latest findings within the NPY system, we summarize recent mutagenesis studies, structure activity relationship studies, receptor chimera, and selective ligands focusing also on the binding mode of the native agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annette G. Beck-Sickinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
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Pluym N, Baumeister P, Keller M, Bernhardt G, Buschauer A. [3H]UR-PLN196: A Selective Nonpeptide Radioligand and Insurmountable Antagonist for the Neuropeptide Y Y2 Receptor. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:587-93. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Yulyaningsih E, Zhang L, Herzog H, Sainsbury A. NPY receptors as potential targets for anti-obesity drug development. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:1170-202. [PMID: 21545413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y system has proven to be one of the most important regulators of feeding behaviour and energy homeostasis, thus presenting great potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of disorders such as obesity and at the other extreme, anorexia. Due to the initial lack of pharmacological tools that are active in vivo, functions of the different Y receptors have been mainly studied in knockout and transgenic mouse models. However, over recent years various Y receptor selective peptidic and non-peptidic agonists and antagonists have been developed and tested. Their therapeutic potential in relation to treating obesity and other disorders of energy homeostasis is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernie Yulyaningsih
- Neuroscience Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Walther C, Mörl K, Beck-Sickinger AG. Neuropeptide Y receptors: ligand binding and trafficking suggest novel approaches in drug development. J Pept Sci 2011; 17:233-46. [PMID: 21351324 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NPY, PYY and PP constitute the so-called NPY hormone family, which exert its biological functions in humans through YRs (Y₁, Y₂, Y₄ and Y₅). Systematic modulation of YR function became important as this multireceptor/multiligand system is known to mediate various essential physiological key functions and is involved in a variety of major human diseases such as epilepsy, obesity and cancer. As several YRs have been found to be overexpressed on different types of malignant tumors they emerge as promising target in modern drug development. Here, we summarize the current understanding of YRs function and the molecular mechanisms of ligand binding and trafficking. We further address recent advances in YR-based drug design, the development of promising future drug candidates and novel approaches in YR-targeted tumor diagnostics and therapy opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Walther
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Tsuruda PR, Yung J, Martin WJ, Chang R, Mai N, Smith JAM. Influence of ligand binding kinetics on functional inhibition of human recombinant serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2009; 61:192-204. [PMID: 20036748 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monoamine reuptake inhibitors treat a wide range of CNS disorders, including depression, obesity, and pain. The in vitro pharmacological properties of these inhibitors are determined routinely using radioligand binding and/or neurotransmitter uptake assays. Measurements from such studies can be influenced by assay design and ligand-specific characteristics, both of which may contribute to discrepancies in literature reports. METHODS We modified traditional methodologies to identify and account for factors that can confound in vitro potency determinations. Apparent equilibrium binding affinities (pK(i) values) were determined in either HEK293 cells stably-transfected with human recombinant serotonin (SERT) or norepinephrine (NET) transporters, or membranes prepared from these cell lines. Care was taken to ensure that apparent affinities were measured under conditions that minimized ligand depletion and established equilibrium for both the radioligand and the compound of interest. An unlabelled ligand kinetic method was used to approximate inhibitor binding kinetic constants and corresponding dissociation half lives. To measure inhibitory effects on substrate uptake, both radiolabeled neurotransmitter ([(3)H]-5-HT or [(3)H]-NE) and fluorescence-based assays were used. The time-dependent nature of functional inhibition was examined using a fluorescent substrate uptake assay which provided real-time measurements of NET and SERT function. RESULTS SERT and NET inhibitors displayed a range of affinities, potencies, and inhibition modes by binding and functional uptake assays. Binding kinetic profiles for this panel of inhibitors were diverse, and affected in vitro measures using the former techniques. DISCUSSION In the present study we describe key features of in vitro assay methodology that can influence the apparent pharmacological profiles of standard SERT and/or NET inhibitors. Such information can serve as a foundation for understanding the in vitro profiles of monoamine reuptake inhibitors in the context of their clinical efficacy and tolerability.
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