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Meyer F, Latour J, Cools AR, Verheij MMM. Noradrenaline-induced release of newly-synthesized accumbal dopamine: differential role of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:243. [PMID: 25309315 PMCID: PMC4162431 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that intra-accumbens infusion of isoproterenol (ISO), a beta-adrenoceptor-agonist, and phenylephrine (PE), an alpha-adrenoceptor-agonist, increase the release of accumbal dopamine (DA). In the present study we analyzed whether the ISO-induced release of DA is sensitive to pretreatment with the DA synthesis inhibitor alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT). Earlier studies have shown that the PE-induced release of DA is derived from DA pools that are resistant to AMPT. In addition to PE, the alpha-adrenoceptor-antagonist phentolamine (PA) was also found to increase accumbal DA release. Therefore, we investigated whether similar to the DA-increasing effect of PE, the DA increase induced by PA is resistant to AMPT. Pretreatment with AMPT prevented the ISO-induced increase of accumbal DA. The accumbal DA increase after PA was not reduced by the DA synthesis inhibitor, independently of the amount of DA released. These results show that mesolimbic beta-, but not alpha-adrenoceptors, control the release of accumbal newly-synthesized DA pools. The DA-increasing effects of PE have previously been ascribed to stimulation of presynaptic receptors located on noradrenergic terminals, whereas the DA-increasing effects of PA and ISO have been ascribed to an action of these drugs at postsynaptic receptors on dopaminergic terminals. The fact that AMPT did not affect the accumbal DA response to PE and PA, whereas it did prevent the accumbal DA increase to ISO, supports our previously reported hypothesis that the noradrenergic neurons of the nucleus accumbens containing presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors impinge upon the dopaminergic terminals in the nucleus accumbens containing postsynaptic adrenoceptors of the alpha but not of the beta type. The putative therapeutic effects of noradrenergic agents in the treatment of DA-related disorders are shortly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Meyer
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Judith Latour
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander R Cools
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Michel M M Verheij
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Ansquer S, Belin-Rauscent A, Dugast E, Duran T, Benatru I, Mar AC, Houeto JL, Belin D. Atomoxetine decreases vulnerability to develop compulsivity in high impulsive rats. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:825-32. [PMID: 24252357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The factors contributing to the development and severity of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette's syndrome, pathological gambling, and addictions remain poorly understood, limiting the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies. Recent evidence indicates that impulse-control deficits may contribute to the severity of compulsivity in several of these disorders. This suggests that impulsivity may be a transnosological endophenotype of vulnerability to compulsivity. However, the precise nature of the link between impulsivity and compulsivity in anxiety-related compulsive disorders remains unknown. METHODS We investigated the relationship between impulsivity and the development of a compulsive behavior in rats, which captures the hallmarks of compulsivity as defined in the DSM-IV--namely, that it is maladaptive, excessive, repetitive, and anxiolytic. RESULTS We demonstrate that a high-impulsivity trait, as measured in the five-choice serial reaction time task, predicts an increased propensity to develop compulsivity as measured in a schedule-induced polydipsia procedure. Trait impulsivity and compulsivity were nonlinearly related. This impulsivity-compulsivity relationship was lost after the development of compulsivity or under chronic treatment with atomoxetine, a noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Atomoxetine treatment both decreased impulsivity and prevented the development of compulsivity in high-impulsive animals. CONCLUSIONS These observations provide insight into the reciprocal influence of impulsivity and compulsivity in compulsive disorders and suggest that atomoxetine may be a useful treatment for patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders with high impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Ansquer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1084-LNEC Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Poitiers, France; Team Psychobiology of Compulsive Disorders, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Service de Neurologie de l'Hôpital de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Aude Belin-Rauscent
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1084-LNEC Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Poitiers, France; Team Psychobiology of Compulsive Disorders, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France; INSERM European Associated Laboratory Psychobiology of Compulsive Habits, Cambridge, United Kingdom; INSERM CIC-0802, Poitiers, France
| | - Emilie Dugast
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1084-LNEC Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Poitiers, France; Team Psychobiology of Compulsive Disorders, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France; INSERM European Associated Laboratory Psychobiology of Compulsive Habits, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Théo Duran
- Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Benatru
- Service de Neurologie de l'Hôpital de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; CNRS GDR 3557 "Institut de Psychiatrie", Poitiers, France
| | - Adam C Mar
- Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France; Institut des Neurosciences de Grenoble-CR Inserm U.836; Université Joseph Fourier-Site Santé La Tronche-CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Houeto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1084-LNEC Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Poitiers, France; Team Psychobiology of Compulsive Disorders, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France; INSERM European Associated Laboratory Psychobiology of Compulsive Habits, Cambridge, United Kingdom; CNRS GDR 3557 "Institut de Psychiatrie", Poitiers, France
| | - David Belin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1084-LNEC Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Poitiers, France; Team Psychobiology of Compulsive Disorders, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France; INSERM European Associated Laboratory Psychobiology of Compulsive Habits, Cambridge, United Kingdom; INSERM CIC-0802, Poitiers, France.
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Aono Y, Saigusa T, Taguchi H, Uchida T, Takada K, Koshikawa N, Cools AR. Synergistic, but not separate, stimulation of accumbal β1- and β2-adrenoceptors alters the accumbal dopamine efflux in freely moving rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 715:363-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Economidou D, Theobald DEH, Robbins TW, Everitt BJ, Dalley JW. Norepinephrine and dopamine modulate impulsivity on the five-choice serial reaction time task through opponent actions in the shell and core sub-regions of the nucleus accumbens. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:2057-66. [PMID: 22510726 PMCID: PMC3398724 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Impulsive behavior is a hallmark of several neuropsychiatric disorders (eg, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD). Although dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) have a significant role in the modulation of impulsivity their neural loci of action is not well understood. Here, we investigated the effects of the selective NE re-uptake inhibitor atomoxetine (ATO) and the mixed DA/NE re-uptake inhibitor methylphenidate (MPH), both with proven clinical efficacy in ADHD, on the number of premature responses on a five-choice serial reaction time task, an operational measure of impulsivity. Microinfusions of ATO into the shell, but not the core, sub-region of the nucleus accumbens (NAcb) significantly decreased premature responding whereas infusions of MPH in the core, but not the shell, sub-region significantly increased premature responding. However, neither ATO nor MPH significantly altered impulsive behavior when infused into the prelimbic or infralimbic cortices. The opposing effects of ATO and MPH in the NAcb core and shell on impulsivity were unlikely mediated by ancillary effects on behavioral activation as locomotor activity was either unaffected, as in the case of ATO infusions in the core and shell, or increased when MPH was infused into either the core and shell sub-region. These findings indicate an apparently 'opponent' modulation of premature responses by NE and DA in the NAcb shell or core, respectively, and suggest that the symptom clusters of hyperactive-impulsive type ADHD may have distinct neural and neurochemical substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daina Economidou
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David EH Theobald
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barry J Everitt
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK,Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 3EB, UK. Tel: +44(1223) 765 291, Fax: +44(1223) 333 564, E-mail:
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Saigusa T, Aono Y, Uchida T, Takada K, Verheij MM, Koshikawa N, Cools AR. The α1-, but not α2-, adrenoceptor in the nucleus accumbens plays an inhibitory role upon the accumbal noradrenaline and dopamine efflux of freely moving rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 688:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Gottesmann C. The involvement of noradrenaline in rapid eye movement sleep mentation. Front Neurol 2011; 2:81. [PMID: 22180750 PMCID: PMC3235734 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2011.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Noradrenaline, one of the main brain monoamines, has powerful central influences on forebrain neurobiological processes which support the mental activities occurring during the sleep-waking cycle. Noradrenergic neurons are activated during waking, decrease their firing rate during slow wave sleep, and become silent during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Although a low level of noradrenaline is still maintained during REM sleep because of diffuse extrasynaptic release without rapid withdrawal, the decrease observed during REM sleep contributes to the mentation disturbances that occur during dreaming, which principally resemble symptoms of schizophrenia but seemingly also of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Gottesmann
- Département de Biologie, Université de Nice-Sophia AntipolisNice, France
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McCabe C, Mishor Z. Antidepressant medications reduce subcortical-cortical resting-state functional connectivity in healthy volunteers. Neuroimage 2011; 57:1317-23. [PMID: 21640839 PMCID: PMC3141109 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have revealed abnormalities in resting-state functional connectivity in those with major depressive disorder specifically in areas such as the dorsal anterior cingulate, thalamus, amygdala, the pallidostriatum and subgenual cingulate. However, the effect of antidepressant medications on human brain function is less clear and the effect of these drugs on resting-state functional connectivity is unknown. Forty volunteers matched for age and gender with no previous psychiatric history received either citalopram (SSRI; selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitor), reboxetine (SNRI; selective noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor) or placebo for 7 days in a double-blind design. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and seed based connectivity analysis we selected the right nucleus accumbens, the right amygdala, the subgenual cingulate and the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex as seed regions. Mood and subjective experience were also measured before and after drug administration using self-report scales. Despite no differences in mood across the three groups, we found reduced connectivity between the amygdala and the ventral medial prefrontal cortex in the citalopram group and the amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex for the reboxetine group. We also found reduced striatal-orbitofrontal cortex connectivity in the reboxetine group. These data suggest that antidepressant medications can decrease resting-state functional connectivity independent of mood change and in areas known to mediate reward and emotional processing in the brain. We conclude that hypothesis-driven seed based analysis of resting-state fMRI supports the proposition that antidepressant medications might work by normalising the elevated resting-state functional connectivity seen in depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara McCabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Economidou D, Dalley JW, Everitt BJ. Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibition by atomoxetine prevents cue-induced heroin and cocaine seeking. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69:266-74. [PMID: 21109233 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventing relapse to drug use is a major challenge for drug addiction treatment. We have recently shown that impulsivity predating drug-taking increases the susceptibility to relapse to cocaine seeking and that treatment with the anti-impulsivity drug atomoxetine (ATO), a selective norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor (norepinephrine transporter), prevents relapse. Here, we investigated further the effects of ATO on cue-maintained heroin and cocaine seeking and relapse and compared these effects with those of the anti-impulsivity stimulant drug methylphenidate (MPH). METHODS Rats were trained to seek and self-administer cocaine or heroin under a second-order schedule of reinforcement. After acquisition of stable responding, groups of rats (n = 10-12) were treated, in a within-subject design, with either ATO or MPH (.3-3.0 mg/kg IP), and the effects on cocaine and heroin seeking were measured. The effects of ATO (.3-1.0 mg/kg) on cue-induced relapse to cocaine seeking after a 1-week period of abstinence were also studied. RESULTS Atomoxetine significantly decreased both cue-controlled cocaine and heroin seeking, whereas MPH had no significant effect. Atomoxetine also significantly attenuated cue-induced relapse to cocaine seeking after abstinence. The effects of ATO were selective for cue-controlled drug-seeking, because it did not affect responding in the absence of the drug-paired cue; nor did it alter responding for oral sucrose, except minimally at the highest dose, or locomotor activity. CONCLUSIONS Selective norepinephrine transporter inhibition by ATO might be an effective treatment for the prevention of relapse to both stimulant and opiate addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daina Economidou
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, United Kingdom.
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