1
|
Toczek M, Ryszkiewicz P, Remiszewski P, Schlicker E, Krzyżewska A, Kozłowska H, Malinowska B. Weak Hypotensive Effect of Chronic Administration of the Dual FAAH/MAGL Inhibitor JZL195 in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats as Revealed by Area under the Curve Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10942. [PMID: 37446125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of the endocannabinoid tone might have a beneficial influence on hypertension. Polypharmacology proposes multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of complex diseases. In the present paper, we studied JZL195, a dual inhibitor of the two major endocannabinoid-degrading enzymes, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Hemodynamic parameters were assessed in conscious animals via radiotelemetry and tail-cuff methods and then evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC). Single administration of JZL195 induced dose-dependent weak hypotensive and bradycardic responses in SHR but not in WKY. Similarly, its chronic application revealed only a slight hypotensive potential which, however, effectively prevented the progression of hypertension and did not undergo tolerance. In addition, multiple JZL195 administrations slightly decreased heart rate only in WKY and prevented the gradual weight gain in both groups. JZL195 did not affect organ weights, blood glucose level, rectal temperature and plasma oxidative stress markers. In conclusion, chronic dual FAAH/MAGL inhibition prevents the progression of hypertension in SHR without affecting some basal functions of the body. In addition, our study clearly proves the suitability of AUC for the evaluation of weak blood pressure changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Toczek
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza Str. 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Ryszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza Str. 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Patryk Remiszewski
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza Str. 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Eberhard Schlicker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Krzyżewska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza Str. 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Hanna Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza Str. 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza Str. 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Why Multitarget Vasodilatory (Endo)cannabinoids are Not Effective as Antihypertensive Compounds after Chronic Administration: Comparison of Their Effects on Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091119. [PMID: 36145339 PMCID: PMC9503677 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic and pulmonary hypertension are multifactorial, high-pressure diseases. The first one is a civilizational condition, and the second one is characterized by a very high mortality rate. Searching for new therapeutic strategies is still an important task. (Endo)cannabinoids, known for their strong vasodilatory properties, have been proposed as possible drugs for different types of hypertension. Unfortunately, our review, in which we summarized all publications found in the PubMed database regarding chronic administration of (endo)cannabinoids in experimental models of systemic and pulmonary hypertension, does not confirm any encouraging suggestions, being based mainly on in vitro and acute in vivo experiments. We considered vasodilator or blood pressure (BP) responses and cardioprotective, anti-oxidative, and the anti-inflammatory effects of particular compounds and their influence on the endocannabinoid system. We found that multitarget (endo)cannabinoids failed to modify higher BP in systemic hypertension since they induced responses leading to decreased and increased BP. In contrast, multitarget cannabidiol and monotarget ligands effectively treated pulmonary and systemic hypertension, respectively. To summarize, based on the available literature, only (endo)cannabinoids with a defined site of action are recommended as potential antihypertensive compounds in systemic hypertension, whereas both mono- and multitarget compounds may be effective in pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
|
3
|
Laudanski K, Wain J. Considerations for Cannabinoids in Perioperative Care by Anesthesiologists. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030558. [PMID: 35160010 PMCID: PMC8836924 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased usage of recreational and medically indicated cannabinoid compounds has been an undeniable reality for anesthesiologists in recent years. These compounds’ complicated pharmacology, composition, and biological effects result in challenging issues for anesthesiologists during different phases of perioperative care. Here, we review the existing formulation of cannabinoids and their biological activity to put them into the context of the anesthesia plan execution. Perioperative considerations should include a way to gauge the patient’s intake of cannabinoids, the ability to gain consent properly, and vigilance to the increased risk of pulmonary and airway problems. Intraoperative management in individuals with cannabinoid use is complicated by the effects cannabinoids have on general anesthetics and depth of anesthesia monitoring while simultaneously increasing the potential occurrence of intraoperative hemodynamic instability. Postoperative planning should involve higher vigilance to the risk of postoperative strokes and acute coronary syndromes. However, most of the data are not up to date, rending definite conclusions on the importance of perioperative cannabinoid intake on anesthesia management difficult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Justin Wain
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baranowska-Kuczko M, Kozłowska H, Kloza M, Harasim-Symbor E, Biernacki M, Kasacka I, Malinowska B. Beneficial Changes in Rat Vascular Endocannabinoid System in Primary Hypertension and under Treatment with Chronic Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase by URB597. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4833. [PMID: 34063297 PMCID: PMC8125657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to examine the effects of hypertension and the chronic administration of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 on vascular function and the endocannabinoid system in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Functional studies were performed on small mesenteric G3 arteries (sMA) and aortas isolated from SHR and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) treated with URB597 (1 mg/kg; twice daily for 14 days). In the aortas and sMA of SHR, endocannabinoid levels and cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) expression were elevated. The CB1R antagonist AM251 diminished the methanandamide-evoked relaxation only in the sMA of SHR and enhanced the vasoconstriction induced by phenylephrine and the thromboxane analog U46619 in sMA in SHR and WKY. In the sMA of SHR, URB597 elevated anandamide levels, improved the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine, and in the presence of AM251 reduced the vasoconstriction to phenylephrine and enhanced the vasodilatation to methanandamide, and tended to reduce hypertrophy. In the aortas, URB597 elevated endocannabinoid levels improved the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine and decreased CB1R expression. Our study showed that hypertension and chronic administration of URB597 caused local, resistance artery-specific beneficial alterations in the vascular endocannabinoid system, which may bring further advantages for therapeutic application of pharmacological inhibition of FAAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baranowska-Kuczko
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Hanna Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Monika Kloza
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Michał Biernacki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vasodilatory effects of cannabidiol in human pulmonary and rat small mesenteric arteries: modification by hypertension and the potential pharmacological opportunities. J Hypertens 2021; 38:896-911. [PMID: 31800399 PMCID: PMC7170434 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Cannabidiol (CBD) has been suggested as a potential antihypertensive drug. The aim of our study was to investigate its vasodilatory effect in isolated human pulmonary arteries (hPAs) and rat small mesenteric arteries (sMAs). Methods: Vascular effects of CBD were examined in hPAs obtained from patients during resection of lung carcinoma and sMAs isolated from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR); 11-deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA-salt) hypertensive rats or their appropriate normotensive controls using organ bath and wire myography, respectively. Results: CBD induced almost full concentration-dependent vasorelaxation in hPAs and rat sMAs. In hPAs, it was insensitive to antagonists of CB1 (AM251) and CB2 (AM630) receptors but it was reduced by endothelium denudation, cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin and nimesulide), antagonists of prostanoid EP4 (L161982), IP (Cay10441), vanilloid TRPV1 (capsazepine) receptors and was less potent under KCl-induced tone and calcium-activated potassium channel (KCa) inhibitors (iberiotoxin, UCL1684 and TRAM-34) and in hypertensive, overweight and hypercholesteremic patients. The time-dependent effect of CBD was sensitive to the PPARγ receptor antagonist GW9662. In rats, the CBD potency was enhanced in DOCA-salt and attenuated in SHR. The CBD-induced relaxation was inhibited in SHR and DOCA-salt by AM251 and only in DOCA-salt by AM630 and endothelium denudation. Conclusion: The CBD-induced relaxation in hPAs that was reduced in hypertensive, obese and hypercholesteremic patients was endothelium-dependent and mediated via KCa and IP, EP4, TRPV1 receptors. The CBD effect in rats was CB1-sensitive and dependent on the hypertension model. Thus, modification of CBD-mediated responses in disease should be considered when CBD is used for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Type 2 Diabetes Alters Vascular Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Expression, Phosphorylation Status, and Vasorelaxation in Rat Aorta. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214948. [PMID: 33114620 PMCID: PMC7662259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested a role of the endocannabinoid system in metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. We investigated the effect of diabetes on cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) expression and cannabinoid-induced vasorelaxation in rat aorta rings. Aortas from healthy rats and from rats with experimentally induced diabetes were used to compare the vasorelaxant effect of the cannabinoid agonist arachidonylcyclopropylamide (ACPA) and CB1 expression and localization. After 4–8 weeks of diabetes induction, CB1 receptor expression and CB1 phosphorylation were higher in aortic rings, in association with greater vasorelaxation induced by the CB1 agonist ACPA compared to healthy rats. The vasorelaxant effect observed in healthy rats is similar throughout the study. Further studies are needed to elucidate the implications of CB1 receptor overexpression in diabetes and its influence on the progression of the cardiovascular complications of this metabolic disease.
Collapse
|
7
|
Malinowska B, Toczek M, Pędzińska‐Betiuk A, Schlicker E. Cannabinoids in arterial, pulmonary and portal hypertension - mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic significance. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1395-1411. [PMID: 29455452 PMCID: PMC6487561 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is overactivated in arterial, pulmonary and portal hypertension. In this paper, we present limited clinical data concerning the role of cannabinoids in human hypertension including polymorphism of endocannabinoid system components. We underline differences between the acute cannabinoid administration and their potential hypotensive effect after chronic application in experimental hypertension. We discuss pleiotropic effects of cannabinoids on the cardiovascular system mediated via numerous neuronal and non‐neuronal mechanisms both in normotension and in hypertension. The final results are dependent on the model of hypertension, age, sex, the cannabinoid ligands used or the action via endocannabinoid metabolites. More experimental and clinical studies are needed to clarify the role of endocannabinoids in hypertension, not only in the search for new therapeutic strategies but also in the context of cardiovascular effects of cannabinoids and the steadily increasing legalization of cannabis use for recreational and medical purposes.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and PathophysiologyMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
| | - Marek Toczek
- Department of Experimental Physiology and PathophysiologyMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
| | - Anna Pędzińska‐Betiuk
- Department of Experimental Physiology and PathophysiologyMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martín Giménez VM, Noriega SE, Kassuha DE, Fuentes LB, Manucha W. Anandamide and endocannabinoid system: an attractive therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 12:177-190. [PMID: 29764302 DOI: 10.1177/1753944718773690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is currently not adequately managed and has become one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current therapies are inadequate in terms of preventing its progression. There are several limitations, such as poor oral bioavailability, side effects, low adherence to treatment, and high dosage frequency of formulations due to the short half-life of the active ingredients used, among others. This review aims to highlight the most relevant aspects of the relationship between the cardiovascular system and the endocannabinoid system, with special attention to the possible translational effect of the use of anandamide in cardiovascular health. The deep and detailed knowledge of this interaction, not always beneficial, and that for years has gone unnoticed, is essential for the development of new therapies. We discuss the most recent and representative results obtained in the field of basic research, referring to the aforementioned subject, emphasizing fundamentally the main role of nitric oxide, renal physiology and its deregulation in pathological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Edith Noriega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, Sede San Juan, Argentina
| | - Diego Enrique Kassuha
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, Sede San Juan, Argentina
| | | | - Walter Manucha
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Experimental Básica y Traslacional, Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, Mendoza, CP 5500, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Baranowska-Kuczko M, Kozłowska H, Kloza M, Karpińska O, Toczek M, Harasim E, Kasacka I, Malinowska B. Protective role of cannabinoid CB1 receptors and vascular effects of chronic administration of FAAH inhibitor URB597 in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2016; 151:288-299. [PMID: 26969765 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study examined whether the fall in blood pressure (BP) induced by the chronic inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) by URB597 in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA-salt) hypertensive rats correlates with endocannabinoid-mediated vascular changes. MAIN METHODS Functional studies were performed in isolated endothelium-intact aortas and small mesenteric arteries (sMAs) using organ bath technique and wire myography, respectively. KEY FINDINGS In the DOCA-salt rats, methanandamide-stimulated relaxation was enhanced in sMAs or diminished in aortas. Its vasorelaxant effect in sMAs was sensitive to the antagonist of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), capsazepine, in normo- and hypertensive animals and to the antagonist of the cannabinoid CB1 receptors, AM6545, only in DOCA-salt rats. Cannabinoid CB1 receptors were up-regulated merely in DOCA-salt sMAs. URB597 decreased elevated BP in DOCA-salt rats, medial hypertrophy in DOCA-salt aortas. In sMAs it reduced FAAH expression and restored the augmented phenylephrine-induced contraction in the DOCA-salt rats to the level obtained in normotensive controls. In normotensive rats it diminished endothelium-dependent relaxation and increased phenylephrine-induced contraction. SIGNIFICANCE The study showed the protective role of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in DOCA-salt sMAs. Reduction in BP after chronic administration of the FAAH inhibitor URB597 in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats only partially correlates with structural and functional changes in conductance and resistance vessels, respectively. Caution should be taken in studying cannabinoids and FAAH inhibitors as potential therapeutics, because of their vessel- and model-specific activities, and side effects connected with off-target response and activation of alternative pathways of anandamide metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baranowska-Kuczko
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Hanna Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Monika Kloza
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Olga Karpińska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Marek Toczek
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Harasim
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is widely distributed throughout the cardiovascular system. Endocannabinoids play a minimal role in the regulation of cardiovascular function in normal conditions, but are altered in most cardiovascular disorders. In shock, endocannabinoids released within blood mediate the associated hypotension through CB(1) activation. In hypertension, there is evidence for changes in the expression of CB(1), and CB(1) antagonism reduces blood pressure in obese hypertensive and diabetic patients. The endocannabinoid system is also upregulated in cardiac pathologies. This is likely to be cardioprotective, via CB(2) and CB(1) (lesser extent). In the vasculature, endocannabinoids cause vasorelaxation through activation of multiple target sites, inhibition of calcium channels, activation of potassium channels, NO production and the release of vasoactive substances. Changes in the expression or function of any of these pathways alter the vascular effect of endocannabinoids. Endocannabinoids have positive (CB(2)) and negative effects (CB(1)) on the progression of atherosclerosis. However, any negative effects of CB(1) may not be consequential, as chronic CB(1) antagonism in large scale human trials was not associated with significant reductions in atheroma. In neurovascular disorders such as stroke, endocannabinoids are upregulated and protective, involving activation of CB(1), CB(2), TRPV1 and PPARα. Although most of this evidence is from preclinical studies, it seems likely that cannabinoid-based therapies could be beneficial in a range of cardiovascular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saoirse Elizabeth O'Sullivan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Room 4107, Uttoxeter Road, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo Z, Liu YX, Yuan F, Ma HJ, Maslov L, Zhang Y. Enhanced vasorelaxation effect of endogenous anandamide on thoracic aorta in renal vascular hypertension rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:950-955. [PMID: 26173564 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has indicated that anandamide (AEA) is able to stimulate vasorelaxation in both spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Yet it remains unknown whether AEA modulates vasomotion of the aorta in renovascular hypertensive (RVH) rats. The aim of present study is to explore the effect of AEA on the relaxation of thoracic aortas in two-kidney one-clip (2K1C)-induced RVH rats. It is demonstrated that AEA stimulates a pronounced relaxation in the aortas of 2K1C rats compared with sham rats. The enhanced relaxation caused by AEA in aortas from 2K1C rats was diminished in the presence of the cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1 ) antagonist AM251 and the CB2 receptor antagonist AM630. Likewise, the vasodilation action of AEA was blocked in L-NAME-treated or endothelium-denuded aortas. The Western blot results revealed that the expression of CB1 and CB2 receptors was increased in the 2K1C rat aortas compared with sham rats. The phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS) at the activation site Ser1177 was enhanced in AEA-treated rings from 2K1C rats in both time-dependent and dose-dependent manners. The augmented p-eNOS expression was inhibited by the co-treatment with AM251 or AM630. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that AEA enhanced endothelium-dependent aortic relaxation through activation of both CB1 and CB2 receptors and P-eNOS/NO pathway in 2K1C rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zan Guo
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi-Xian Liu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hui-Jie Ma
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Leonid Maslov
- Institute for Cardiology of Siberian Branch under the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stanley C, O'Sullivan SE. Vascular targets for cannabinoids: animal and human studies. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1361-78. [PMID: 24329566 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Application of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids to perfused vascular beds or individual isolated arteries results in changes in vascular resistance. In most cases, the result is vasorelaxation, although vasoconstrictor responses are also observed. Cannabinoids also modulate the actions of vasoactive compounds including acetylcholine, methoxamine, angiotensin II and U46619 (thromboxane mimetic). Numerous mechanisms of action have been proposed including receptor activation, potassium channel activation, calcium channel inhibition and the production of vasoactive mediators such as calcitonin gene-related peptide, prostanoids, NO, endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor and hydrogen peroxide. The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence for the range of receptors now known to be activated by cannabinoids. Direct activation by cannabinoids of CB1 , CBe , TRPV1 (and potentially other TRP channels) and PPARs in the vasculature has been observed. A potential role for CB2, GPR55 and 5-HT1 A has also been identified in some studies. Indirectly, activation of prostanoid receptors (TP, IP, EP1 and EP4 ) and the CGRP receptor is involved in the vascular responses to cannabinoids. The majority of this evidence has been obtained through animal research, but recent work has confirmed some of these targets in human arteries. Vascular responses to cannabinoids are enhanced in hypertension and cirrhosis, but are reduced in obesity and diabetes, both due to changes in the target sites of action. Much further work is required to establish the extent of vascular actions of cannabinoids and the application of this research in physiological and pathophysiological situations. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids 2013. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Stanley
- School of Graduate Entry Medicine and Health, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cannabinoids alter endothelial function in the Zucker rat model of type 2 diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 720:376-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
14
|
Ho WSV. Modulation by 17β-estradiol of anandamide vasorelaxation in normotensive and hypertensive rats: a role for TRPV1 but not fatty acid amide hydrolase. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 701:49-56. [PMID: 23340220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that endocannabinoid signaling is modulated by 17β-estradiol (17Eβ) however it is unclear if this applies to the cardiovascular actions of anandamide, a major endocannabinoid. This study examined the in vitro effects of 17Eβ on vasorelaxation to anandamide in myograph-mounted small mesenteric arteries obtained from Wistar rats and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRs) of both sexes. Treatment with 1μM 17Eβ but not its enantiomer 17Eα significantly enhanced relaxation to anandamide in male Wistar rats. This effect was independent of a functional endothelium but was blocked by the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor antagonist SB366791 (2μM) or prolonged treatment with the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin (10μM). A TRPV1-dependent potentiation by 17Eβ was also observed in male SHRs, but not in female Wistar rats or female SHRs. Whilst inhibition of anandamide hydrolysis by 1μM URB597 (an inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase; FAAH) similarly augmented anandamide relaxation in male, but not female, Wistar rats and SHRs, URB597 did not affect the 17Eβ-induced potentiation. Female SHRs displayed a larger maximal relaxation to anandamide; however sex difference was not found in Wistar rats. We conclude that pharmacological levels of 17Eβ potentiate mesenteric relaxation to anandamide through mechanisms dependent on TRPV1 receptors but not FAAH-mediated hydrolysis in male Wistar rats and male SHRs. Sexual dimorphism was observed in the modulatory effects of 17Eβ and URB597, which does not necessarily lead to a greater anandamide response in female rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W-S V Ho
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, St. George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Enhanced vasorelaxant effects of the endocannabinoid-like mediator, oleamide, in hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 684:102-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
16
|
Khalili A, Nekooeian AA, Khosravi MB, Fakher S. Simultaneous renal hypertension and type 2 diabetes exacerbate vascular endothelial dysfunction in rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2012; 93:210-7. [PMID: 22458508 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2012.00811.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high rate of occurrence of both diabetes and hypertension in humans, the cardiovascular effects of the two conditions have not been investigated when they occur simultaneously. Thus this study examined the vascular effects of simultaneous type 2 diabetes and renal hypertension on endothelial function. Serum malondialdehyde and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured, glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed, and concentration-response to phenylephrine (PE) in the absence and presence of nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were conducted on aortic rings from diabetic control, type 2 diabetes, sham-operated, renal hypertensive, and simultaneous type 2 diabetes plus hypertension rats respectively. Hypertension, diabetes, and simultaneous diabetes and hypertension were associated with either increased or decreased maximal responses (E(max)) of PE dependent on in the presence or absence of l-NAME. There was also increased serum malondialdehyde and decreased E(max) of acetylcholine. Thus simultaneous hypertension and diabetes caused a greater decrease in E(max) of acetylcholine compared to that seen with either diabetes or hypertension alone higher than that seen in hypertension. The blood glucose during GTT was lower than that seen in diabetes groups. Thus simultaneous type 2 diabetes and the SBP was renal hypertension is associated with improved glucose tolerance, but with further deterioration of endothelial dysfunction compared with either condition alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Khalili
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research Center, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wheal AJ, Alexander SPH, Randall MD. Hydrogen peroxide as a mediator of vasorelaxation evoked by N-oleoylethanolamine and anandamide in rat small mesenteric arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 674:384-90. [PMID: 22154756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) has been shown to participate in endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor (EDHF)-mediated mechanisms. Vasorelaxation to the endocannabinoid-like N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) and anandamide has been shown to be endothelium-dependent. Therefore, the principal aim was to investigate whether H(2)O(2) plays a role in vasorelaxation to endocannabinoids in rat mesenteric arteries. We have also investigated the effects of catalase on endothelium-dependent relaxations and vascular responses to H(2)O(2). First- (G1) and third- (G3) order branches of the superior mesenteric artery from male, Wistar rats were mounted in a wire myograph, contracted with methoxamine, and concentration-response curves to anandamide, OEA carbachol or H(2)O(2), were constructed. The influence of nitric oxide production and H(2)O(2) breakdown on these responses were then investigated using L-NAME (300 μM), and catalase (1000 Uml(-1)) respectively. In G1 mesenteric arteries, vasorelaxations to carbachol and H(2)O(2) were inhibited by L-NAME, but not by catalase. Responses to both anandamide and OEA were also unaffected by catalase. In G3 mesenteric arteries, endothelium-dependent relaxations to carbachol were modestly affected by L-NAME, unaffected by catalase alone, but their combination greatly inhibited vasorelaxation. Similarly, catalase inhibited vasorelaxation to anandamide and OEA, and combined treatment with L-NAME further reduced this response. In G1 mesenteric arteries, vasorelaxation to H(2)O(2) is predominantly mediated by nitric oxide. We conclude that in G3 arteries H(2)O(2) activity contributes towards EDHF-type responses and vasorelaxation to endocannabinoids, either directly or indirectly. Given the association between vascular pathophysiology and H(2)O(2), these findings may provide a mechanism whereby disease states may influence responses to endocannabinoid and related mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Wheal
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|