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Ragab TIM, Ali NA, El Gendy ANG, Mohamed SH, Shalby AB, Farrag ARH, Shalaby ASG. Renoprotective and therapeutic effects of newly water, ethanol, and butanol ginseng fractions in hypertensive and chronic kidney disease with L-NAME. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111978. [PMID: 34411920 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the protective and treatment effects of different ginseng fractions against L-NAME-induced renal toxicity in rats. The data obtained demonstrated that L-NAME significantly increased creatinine, urea, KIM-1, and lipocalin-2 levels in serum; and also increased renal MDA and eNOS levels compared with the control group. Three bioactive fractions were newly extracted from ginseng, analyzed by GC-MS analysis, and were examined for antimicrobial, prebiotic, and histological activities. All ginseng fractions improved such histological changes, as reflected by significant reductions in creatinine, urea, KIM-1, and LCN-2 levels in serum, and renal MDA and eNOS contents in tissue homogenate. The water ginseng fraction (WGF) has the highest prebiotic index of 4.7 toward Lactobacillus reuteri, and can improve the renal functions more than butanol ginseng fraction (BGF) and ethanol ginseng fraction (EGF). These three ginseng fractions significantly reversed L-NAME-induced depletion in the TNF-α gene expression level. Interestingly, WGF was able to improve the renal functions more than BGF and EGF. L-NAME led to alterations in the histological structure and functions of renal tissue of rats and ginseng supplementation could offer greater protection against these changes. Moreover, the WGF exhibited superior renoprotection properties when compared with the other two fractions: BGF and EGF, and the reference drug losartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer I M Ragab
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industry Division, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Naglaa A Ali
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser G El Gendy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical Industry Division, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Safaa H Mohamed
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aziza B Shalby
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Razik H Farrag
- Departments of Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Al Shimaa Gamal Shalaby
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industry Division, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Nymphaea lotus Linn. (Nymphaeaceae) Alleviates Sexual Disability in L-NAME Hypertensive Male Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8619283. [PMID: 31467581 PMCID: PMC6699280 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8619283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension (HT) is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). This study aimed to evaluate the suppressive effect of Nymphaea lotus (N. lotus) on erectile dysfunction induced by NO deficiency in rat. 40 male rats equally divided into 4 groups received an oral treatment with 10 mg/kg/day of L-NAME, a NO blocker, during 4 weeks. Control group composed of 10 male rats received only distilled water (10 mL/kg). Thereafter oral treatments with N. lotus (75 and 200 mg/kg/day) and losartan (10 mg/kg/day) started and continued concomitantly with L-NAME in 3 groups for 4 additional weeks. Normal and negative controls received only distilled water. Sexual behaviour, orientation activities, anxiety, and penile histomorphology were evaluated at the end of treatment. L-NAME administration elevated significantly the blood pressure in male rats and decreased the copulatory rate by enhancing intromission latency and decreasing the numbers of intromission and ejaculation. However, the sexual motivation remains unaltered by chronic NO blockage suggesting that L-NAME induces penile dysfunction mainly by peripheral mechanisms. L-NAME chronic intake also induced anxiety, 4 weeks of N. lotus cotreatment prevented inhibitory effects of L-NAME on male sexual behaviour by shortening mainly ejaculation latency and postejaculatory interval while losartan does not. Losartan proved to be a more effective drug to decrease the blood pressure compared to the plant extract. Effectively, Nymphea lotus was able to reverse totally at 75 mg/kg the increment of hemodynamic parameters and the histological damage and exhibit anxiolytic-like effects in hypertensive male rats. Nymphaea lotus uses NO pathway to facilitate sexual responses at central and peripheral levels and can have a double medicinal use, against anxiety and erectile dysfunction.
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Miloradović Z, Ivanov M, Jovović Đ, Karanović D, Vajić UJ, Marković-Lipkovski J, Mihailović-Stanojević N, Milanović JG. Angiotensin 2 type 1 receptor blockade different affects postishemic kidney injury in normotensive and hypertensive rats. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:813-820. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ivanov M, Mihailović-Stanojević N, Grujić Milanović J, Jovović Đ, Marković-Lipkovski J, Ćirović S, Miloradović Z. Losartan improved antioxidant defense, renal function and structure of postischemic hypertensive kidney. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96353. [PMID: 24796787 PMCID: PMC4010520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic acute renal failure (ARF) is a highly complex disorder involving renal vasoconstriction, filtration failure, tubular obstruction, tubular backleak and generation of reactive oxygen species. Due to this complexity, the aim of our study was to explore effects of Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockade on kidney structure and function, as well as oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Experiments were performed on anaesthetized adult male SHR in the model of ARF with 40 minutes clamping the left renal artery. The right kidney was removed and 40 minutes renal ischemia was performed. Experimental groups received AT1R antagonist (Losartan) or vehicle (saline) in the femoral vein 5 minutes before, during and 175 minutes after the period of ischemia. Biochemical parameters were measured and kidney specimens were collected 24h after reperfusion. ARF significantly decreased creatinine and urea clearance, increased LDL and lipid peroxidation in plasma. Treatment with losartan induced a significant increase of creatinine and urea clearance, as well as HDL. Lipid peroxidation in plasma was decreased and catalase enzyme activity in erythrocytes was increased after losartan treatment. Losartan reduced cortico-medullary necrosis and tubular dilatation in the kidney. High expression of pro-apoptotic Bax protein in the injured kidney was downregulated after losartan treatment. Our results reveal that angiotensin II (via AT1R) mediates the most postischemic injuries in hypertensive kidney through oxidative stress enhancement. Therefore, blockade of AT1R may have beneficial effects in hypertensive patients who have developed ARF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Ivanov
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail:
| | - Nevena Mihailović-Stanojević
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelica Grujić Milanović
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đurđica Jovović
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Sanja Ćirović
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Miloradović
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Endothelium/Nitric Oxide Mediates the Vasorelaxant and Antihypertensive Effects of the Aqueous Extract from the Stem Bark of Mammea africana Sabine (Guttiferae). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:961741. [PMID: 23008745 PMCID: PMC3447406 DOI: 10.1155/2012/961741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects of the aqueous extract from the stem bark of M. africana (AEMA). AEMA was tested in vitro on intact or endothelium-denuded rats' aorta rings precontracted with KCl or norepinephrine in absence or in presence of L-NAME or glibenclamide. The effect of a single concentration (300 μg/mL) of AEMA was also examined on the concentration-response curve of KCl. In vivo, the antihypertensive effects of AEMA (200 mg/kg/day) were evaluated in male Wistar rats treated with L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. AEMA relaxed aorta rings precontracted with NE or KCl with respective EC50 values of 0.36 μg/mL and 197.60 μg/mL. The destruction of endothelium or pretreatment of aorta rings with L-NAME shifted the EC50 of AEMA from 0.36 μg/mL to 40.65 μg/mL and 20.20 μg/mL, respectively. The vasorelaxant activity of M. africana was significantly inhibited in presence of glibenclamide. AEMA also significantly inhibited the concentration-response curve of KCl. Administered orally, AEMA induced acute and chronic antihypertensive effects and normalized renal NO level. These results show that the vasorelaxant activity of AEMA might be mediated by the activation of the NO-cGMP-ATP-dependent potassium channels pathway and might predominantly account for its antihypertensive effect.
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Savard S, Lavoie P, Villeneuve C, Agharazii M, Lebel M, Larivière R. eNOS gene delivery prevents hypertension and reduces renal failure and injury in rats with reduced renal mass. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:2182-90. [PMID: 22121231 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired nitric oxide (NO) release in chronic renal failure has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and the progression of renal insufficiency. We investigated whether gene delivery of the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) improves NO release and reduces blood pressure and renal failure and injury in rats with reduced renal mass. METHODS Renal failure was induced by renal artery branches ligation. Two weeks later, rats with renal failure were divided into three groups and received an intravenous injection of the vehicle or the adenovirus that expresses eNOS or β-galactosidase (β-gal). Systolic blood pressure, renal parameters and histopathology were assessed at Week 4 after gene delivery. RESULTS At the end of the study, systolic blood pressures, serum creatinine, proteinuria, urinary endothelin-1 (ET-1) excretion and renal cortex ET-1 levels were increased, whereas plasma and urine NO(2)/NO(3) were reduced in renal failure rats as compared to normal controls. Renal injury comprised blood vessel media hypertrophy, focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Gene delivery of eNOS, but not β-gal, prevented an increase in systolic blood pressure and proteinuria, and a reduction in plasma and urine NO(2)/NO(3). eNOS gene delivery also reduced a rise in serum creatinine, urinary ET-1 excretion and renal cortex ET-1 levels, and the renal vascular, glomerular and tubular injury. CONCLUSION This study indicates that eNOS gene delivery in rats with renal failure improves NO release, which likely prevents the aggravation of hypertension and slows down the progression of renal failure and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Savard
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, CHUQ Research Centre, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital and Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Piechota A, Polańczyk A, Goraca A. Role of endothelin-1 receptor blockers on hemodynamic parameters and oxidative stress. Pharmacol Rep 2010; 62:28-34. [PMID: 20360613 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin (ET) was first isolated and described by Yanagisawa et al. and has since been described as one of the most potent known vasoconstrictor compounds. ET-1 mediates its effects via two types of receptors, ETA and ETB, which are expressed in the vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, intestines and brain. Secretion of ET-1 results in long-lasting vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure and, in turn, overproduction of free radicals. As dysregulation of the endothelin system is an important factor in the pathogenesis of several diseases including atherosclerosis, hypertension and endotoxic shock, the ETA and ETB receptors are attractive therapeutic targets for treatment of these disorders. The biosynthesis and release of ET-1 are regulated at the transcriptional level. Studies have shown that p38MAP kinase, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), PKC/ERK and JNK/c-Jun all take part in the ROS-activated production of ET-1. Furthermore, administration of ET(A) significantly reduces the generation of free radicals. However, treatment with ETB receptor blockers does not elicit the same effect. Therefore, the effects of endothelin receptor blockers on blood pressure and the generation of free radicals remain debatable. This review summarizes recent investigations into the role of endothelin receptor blockers with respect to the modulation of hemodynamic parameters and the generation of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Piechota
- Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical University of Łódź, Mazowiecka 6/8, PL 92-215 Łódź, Poland.
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Li X, Zhang W, Ren H, Pan X, Chen N. Malignant hypertension complicated by acute renal failure. BMJ Case Rep 2009; 2009:bcr10.2008.1116. [PMID: 21686456 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.10.2008.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant hypertension is closely associated with impairment of multiple organs, and renal dysfunction remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with malignant hypertension. The renal histopathological changes usually indicate malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis (MANS) that is characterised by fibrinoid necrosis in small arteries. However, renal biopsies were not taken routinely in previous reports. We report an educational case of malignant hypertension caused by MANS leading to thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
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