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Sildenafil attenuates intestinal injury in necrotizing enterocolitis independently of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J Pediatr Surg 2022; 57:967-973. [PMID: 35794042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease that impacts the intestine of premature infants. Sildenafil has shown benefit in colitis and ischemia/reperfusion models but has not been adequately studied in NEC. Sildenafil's best studied mechanism involves augmenting nitric oxide induced vasodilation. We hypothesized that sildenafil would improve outcomes during experimental NEC in an eNOS dependent manner. MATERIALS NEC was induced in five-day old mouse pups with gavage formula feeds plus intermittent hypoxia and hypothermia. Using wild type (WT) mice, the route of sildenafil administration was studied in the following groups: (1) breastfed controls, (2) NEC + oral (PO) sildenafil, (3) NEC + PO vehicle, (4) NEC + intraperitoneal (IP) sildenafil, (5) NEC + IP vehicle. The eNOS KO groups studied included: (1) breastfed controls, (2) NEC + PO sildenafil, (3) NEC + PO vehicle. Data were tested for normality and compared using t-tests or Mann-Whitney with a p-value <0.05 considered significant. RESULTS In WT mice, oral and IP sildenafil resulted in improved clinical outcomes compared to their respective vehicle group. Only orally administered sildenafil significantly improved perfusion to the intestine and protected it from macroscopic and histologic injury. When repeated in eNOS KO mice, oral sildenafil improved clinical scores and attenuated intestinal injury scores, despite no effect on intestinal perfusion. CONCLUSIONS Sildenafil, when administered orally, improves clinical outcomes and protects the intestine in a murine model of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. While sildenafil requires eNOS to impact mesenteric perfusion, it does not appear to be dependent on eNOS to attenuate intestinal injury.
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Effect of rutin on experimentally induced small intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats: A biochemical and histopathological evaluation. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.858237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Moore HM, Drucker NA, Hosfield BD, Shelley WC, Markel TA. Sildenafil as a Rescue Agent Following Intestinal Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. J Surg Res 2019; 246:512-518. [PMID: 31630883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute mesenteric ischemia carries a significant morbidity. Measures to improve blood flow parameters to the intestine may ameliorate the disease. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate and has been shown to prevent the effects of ischemia when given before injury. However, its effects as a rescue agent have not been established. We therefore hypothesized that sildenafil, when given as a rescue agent for intestinal ischemia, would improve mesenteric perfusion, limit intestinal epithelial injury, and decrease intestinal leukocyte chemoattractants. METHODS Eight to 12 wk-old-male C57BL/6J mice underwent laparotomy and temporary occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min. Following ischemia, reperfusion was permitted, and before closing the abdomen, sildenafil was injected intraperitoneally in a variety of concentrations. After 24 h, reperfusion was reassessed. Animals were euthanized and intestines evaluated for histologic injury and leukocyte chemoattractants. RESULTS Postischemic administration of sildenafil did not improve mesenteric perfusion following intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury. However, sildenafil did improve histologic injury scores in dose ranges of 0.01 to 10 mg/kg. No difference was noted in histological injury with 100 mg/kg dose, and all members of the 1000 mg/kg group died within 24 h of injury. Epithelial protection was not facilitated by the leukocyte chemoattractants Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed, and Secreted, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein, neutrophil activating protein, or granulocyte colony stimulating factor. CONCLUSIONS Administration of sildenafil following intestinal ischemia may limit intestinal mucosal injury but does not appear to alter mesenteric perfusion or leukocyte chemoattractant influx. TYPE: Basic science. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Moore
- The Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Natalie A Drucker
- The Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Brian D Hosfield
- The Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - W Chris Shelley
- The Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Troy A Markel
- The Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana; Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Doğan G, İpek H, Baş Y, Doğan G, Kayır S. Experimental study on prophylactic effects of vardenafil in ischemia-reperfusion model with intestinal volvulus injury in rats. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:2172-2177. [PMID: 30885562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM An experimental study was performed to evaluate the effects of Vardenafil on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in an experimental volvulus model by histochemical and biochemical methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided in five groups (n = 7). In Group 1, a 5 cm segment of small intestine 2 cm proximal to cecum was excised to have a control group. In the second group, 5 cm segment of small intestine 2 cm proximal to cecum was rotated 360° clockwise direction and sutured with 4/0 polyglactin to generate an experimental model of volvulus. At the end of 2 h of ischemia, the same intestinal segment was sampled. In group 3, after achieving ischemia similar to group 2, two hours of reperfusion injury was obtained by removing the sutures. Rats in Group 4 received vardenafil after 1.5 h of ischemia and then 2 h of reperfusion. And finally, in Group 5, vardenafil was administered 2 h before laparotomy and 5 cm of intestine was removed without I/R injury. Intestinal segments were evaluated for total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) with biochemical and histopathological analysis. RESULTS Serum TOS levels and OSI were not significantly different between groups (p = 0.910, P = 0,43 respectively). The serum TAS level was decreased in group 3 as compared to vardenafil groups 4 and 5, without a statistical significance (p = 0.428). In histopathologic analysis, we found that vardenafil, partially reduced I/R injury. The villus structure was preserved but, congestion and inflammation were moderate. CONCLUSION Vardenafil partially reduced I/R injury histopathologically on intestine. Our study shows that it does not have statistically antioxidant effect on intestinal I/R injury in experimental model of volvulus. However, effects of vardenafil in I/R injury of liver, kidney, heart, testis, over and brain which were cited in literature were not confirmed with I/R injury on intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gül Doğan
- Hitit University Erol Olcok Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Çorum, Turkey; Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Çorum, Turkey.
| | - Hülya İpek
- Hitit University Erol Olcok Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Baş
- Hitit University Erol Olcok Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Çorum, Turkey; Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Güvenç Doğan
- Hitit University Erol Olcok Training and Research Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Çorum, Turkey; Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Kayır
- Hitit University Erol Olcok Training and Research Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Çorum, Turkey
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Barone I, Giordano C, Bonofiglio D, Andò S, Catalano S. Phosphodiesterase type 5 and cancers: progress and challenges. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99179-99202. [PMID: 29228762 PMCID: PMC5716802 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are an extraordinarily heterogeneous collection of diseases with distinct genetic profiles and biological features that directly influence response patterns to various treatment strategies as well as clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, our growing understanding of cancer cell biology and tumor progression is gradually leading towards rational, tailored medical treatments designed to destroy cancer cells by exploiting the unique cellular pathways that distinguish them from normal healthy counterparts. Recently, inhibition of the activity of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) is emerging as a promising approach to restore normal intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling, and thereby resulting into the activation of various downstream molecules to inhibit proliferation, motility and invasion of certain cancer cells. In this review, we present an overview of the experimental and clinical evidences highlighting the role of PDE5 in the pathogenesis and prevention of various malignancies. Current data are still not sufficient to draw conclusive statements for cancer patient management, but could provide further rational for testing PDE5-targeting drugs as anticancer agents in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Baykan H, Ozyazgan I, Selçuk CT, AltıParmak M, Özköse M, Özyurt K. Effect of sildenafil citrate in nicotine-induced ischemia: An experimental study using a rat model. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE CHIRURGIE PLASTIQUE 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/229255031302100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Halit Baykan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Irfan Ozyazgan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Caferi Tayyar Selçuk
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet AltıParmak
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Özköse
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Özyurt
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Baykan H, Ozyazgan I, Selçuk CT, AltıParmak M, Özköse M, Özyurt K. Effect of sildenafil citrate in nicotine-induced ischemia: An experimental study using a rat model. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE CHIRURGIE PLASTIQUE 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/229255031302100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Halit Baykan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Irfan Ozyazgan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Caferi Tayyar Selçuk
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet AltıParmak
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Özköse
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Özyurt
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Ezra-Elia R, Alegro da Silva G, Zanoni DS, Laufer-Amorim R, Vitor Couto do Amaral A, Laus JL, Ofri R. Functional and Structural Evaluation of Sildenafil in a Rat Model of Acute Retinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:452-461. [PMID: 27421045 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1193615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinal ischemia is a common cause of visual impairment and blindness. Sildenafil, a PDE5 inhibitor which inhibits cGMP degradation and in turn prolongs the effect of nitric oxide, has been shown to be protective in a number of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries, as well as in neuronal damage. We hypothesized that treatment with sildenafil might be neuroprotective in a model of acute retinal I/R injury. METHODS Anterior chamber cannulation was performed to induce unilateral I/R injury in 38 Lewis rats. Animals received intraperitoneal injections of sildenafil (0.5 and 1 mg/kg once a day, for a period of 7 and 18 days, respectively), or saline. Electroretinography recordings, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) counts following retrograde labeling with fluorogold, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) using antibodies against PDE5, NOS2, caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bcl-2 were conducted. RESULTS No significant differences in electroretinography, RGC counts, or retinal morphometry were observed between experimental eyes of sildenafil- and saline-treated animals. A tendency toward less necrosis in histopathology, and a slight trend toward lower PDE5, NOS2, and caspase-9 and higher Bcl-2 IHC scores were evident in experimental retinas of sildenafil-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS Electroretinography, RGC counts, and retinal morphometry failed to show any neuroprotective effect of sildenafil in acute retinal I/R injury in rats. A slight positive effect of sildenafil was qualitatively indicated by histopathology and IHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raaya Ezra-Elia
- a Koret School of Veterinary Medicine , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Germana Alegro da Silva
- b Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Clinics and Surgery , College of Agronomical and Veterinarian Sciences, University of Estadual Paulista , Jaboticabal , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Diogo Sousa Zanoni
- c Veterinary Pathology Service, Department of Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , University of Estadual Paulista , Botucatu , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Renée Laufer-Amorim
- c Veterinary Pathology Service, Department of Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , University of Estadual Paulista , Botucatu , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - José Luiz Laus
- b Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Clinics and Surgery , College of Agronomical and Veterinarian Sciences, University of Estadual Paulista , Jaboticabal , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ron Ofri
- a Koret School of Veterinary Medicine , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , Israel
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Barros-Miñones L, Orejana L, Goñi-Allo B, Suquía V, Hervías I, Aguirre N, Puerta E. Modulation of the ASK1-MKK3/6-p38/MAPK signalling pathway mediates sildenafil protection against chemical hypoxia caused by malonate. Br J Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 23186227 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE PD5 inhibitors have recently been reported to exert beneficial effects against ischaemia-reperfusion injury in several organs. However, there are few studies regarding their neuroprotective effects in brain ischaemia. The present study was designed to assess the effects of sildenafil against chemical hypoxia induced by malonate. Intrastriatal injection of malonate produces energy depletion and striatal lesions similar to that seen in cerebral ischaemia through mechanisms that involve generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Volume lesion was analysed by cytochrome oxidase histochemistry. Generation of reactive species was determined by in situ visualization of superoxide production and nitrotyrosine measurement. Protein levels were determined by Western blot after subcellular fractionation. KEY RESULTS Sildenafil, given 30 min before malonate, significantly decreased the lesion volume in the rat. This protective effect cannot be attributed to any effect on ROS production but to the inhibition of downstream pathways. Thus, malonate induced the activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1) and two MAPK kinases, MKK3/6 and MKK7, which lead to an increased phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK, effects that were blocked by sildenafil. Selective inhibitors of p38 and JNK (SB203580 or SP600125, respectively) were used in combination with malonate in order to evaluate the plausible implication of these pathways in the protection afforded by sildenafil. While inhibition of p38 provided a significant protection against malonate-induced neurotoxicity, inhibition of JNK did not. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Sildenafil protects against the chemical hypoxia induced by malonate through the regulation of the ASK1-MKK3/6-p38/MAPK signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Barros-Miñones
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Cakir T, Ozer I, Bostanci EB, Keklik TT, Ercin U, Bilgihan A, Akoglu M. Increased collagen maturity with sildenafil citrate: experimental high risk colonic anastomosis model. Int J Surg 2014; 13:152-156. [PMID: 25498489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate healing and high anastomosis leak rates at rectal anastomosis may be due to lack of supportive serosal layer and technical difficulty of low anterior resections. Positive effects of sildenafil on wound healing were observed. The aim of this study was to simulate rectal anastomosis as a technical insufficient anastomosis and investigate the effects of sildenafil on anastomosis healing. METHODS Colonic anastomoses were carried out in 64 rats and randomized into four groups, CA-S, complete anastomoses without sildenafil (10 mg/kg for 5 days); CA+S, complete anastomoses with sildenafil; IA-S, incomplete anastomoses without sildenafil; IA+S, incomplete anastomoses with sildenafil. Half of the rats in every group were sacrificed on post-operative day (POD) 3, half of them sacrificed on POD 7. Tissues from the anastomoses were used for functional, histochemical, biochemical investigations. RESULTS Sildenafil treatment resulted in increased bursting pressures in IA+S on POD 7 (p=0.010). Collagen maturity was higher in IA+S on POD 3 and POD 7, CA+S on POD 7 (p=0.010; p=0.010; p<0.007). Collagen content was higher in IA+S on POD 7 (p<0.001). Glutathione, hydroxyproline levels were similar. Malondialdehyde levels were lower in IA+S on POD 3 (p<0.001). Epithelization score was higher in IA+S on POD 7 (p=0.007). Inflammation score was higher in CA-S group on POD 3 and POD 7 (p<0.001; p<0.001). Neutrophil score was lower in CA+S on POD 3 (p=0.005). CONCLUSION An increase in collagen content, maturity, and epithelization, a decrease in neutrophil infiltration, oxidative stress and better mechanical strength were observed with the administration of sildenafil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tebessum Cakir
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Hacettepe Mah, 06230 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ilter Ozer
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Hacettepe Mah, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdal Birol Bostanci
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Hacettepe Mah, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tulay Timucin Keklik
- Department of Pathology, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Hacettepe Mah, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ugur Ercin
- Department of Biochemistry, Bilecik Public Hospital, Ertuğrulgazi Mah, 11040 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Ayse Bilgihan
- Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University School of Medicine, Emniyet Mah, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Musa Akoglu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Hacettepe Mah, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
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Celik M, Aksoy AN, Aksoy H, Aksoy Y, Halici Z. Sildenafil Reduces Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Ovary: Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2014; 78:162-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000363747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Protective effect of sildenafil on liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. J Pediatr Surg 2013; 48:1707-15. [PMID: 23932610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the protective effect of sildenafil on liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS Forty female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: sham-control (SC), ischemia (I), ischemia-reperfusion (IR), and ischemia-reperfusion+sildenafil (SIL; sildenafil gavaged at 50mg/kg before operating). A 2-h ischemia-reperfusion was performed by clamping the superior mesenteric artery. Liver function, plasma alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) aminotransferase, and intestinal and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured at the end of the experiment. Intestinal and liver tissue damage was examined by histology. Liver samples were immunologically stained for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). RESULTS The ALT and AST levels were highest in the IR group and were lower in the SIL group (p<0.05). Intestinal MDA levels were statistically higher in the IR group than in the SC, I and SIL groups. Liver MDA levels were significantly higher in the IR group than in the I and SC groups (p<0.05) and higher than in the SIL group (p>0.05). Intestinal damage based on Chiu scoring was more severe in the IR than in the SIL group (p<0.05). Sildenafil reduced damage and also increased eNOS and PCNA immunoreactivity in liver tissue. CONCLUSIONS Sildenafil shows a protective effect on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-induced liver injury, possibly by decreasing vascular resistance through increased nitric oxide levels.
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Kloner RA, Comstock G, Levine LA, Tiger S, Stecher VJ. Investigational noncardiovascular uses of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2011; 12:2297-313. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2011.600306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Arikan DC, Bakan V, Kurutas EB, Sayar H, Coskun A. Protective effect of tadalafil on ischemia/reperfusion injury of rat ovary. J Pediatr Surg 2010; 45:2203-9. [PMID: 21034945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of tadalafil (TDF) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat ovaries. METHODS Thirty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 7): sham (S), I/R1, I/R2, TDF1, and TDF2. In the I/R1 and TDF1 groups, 3-hour ischemia was followed by 12-hour reperfusion; and in the I/R2 and TDF2 groups, 3-hour ischemia was followed by 24-hour reperfusion. In the TDF groups, 30 minutes before reperfusion, a single dose of 5 mg/kg TDF was administered intraperitoneally. The ovarian tissue levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide (NO), and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured biochemically. Tissue damage to ovarian tissue was scored by histopathologic examination. RESULTS The tissue malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher and the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly lower in the I/R groups compared with the S and TDF groups (P < .05). The NO levels were significantly higher in the TDF1 group than the S and I/R1 groups (P < .05). Although the NO levels were increased in the TDF2 group compared with the I/R2 group, the difference was not significant. Ovarian tissue damage scores of the I/R groups were significantly higher than those of the S group (P < .05). Treatment with TDF significantly decreased the ovarian tissue damage scores in the TDF groups compared with the I/R groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Tadalafil is effective in preventing tissue damage induced by I/R in rat ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Cemgil Arikan
- Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
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