1
|
Suau R, Garcia A, Bernal C, Llaves M, Schiering K, Jou-Ollé E, Pertegaz A, Garcia-Jaraquemada A, Bartolí R, Lorén V, Vergara P, Mañosa M, Domènech E, Manyé J. Response Variability to Drug Testing in Two Models of Chemically Induced Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076424. [PMID: 37047397 PMCID: PMC10094987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of IBD is a challenge for the development of more effective and safer therapies. Although in vivo preclinical approaches are critical for drug testing, none of the existing models accurately reproduce human IBD. Factors that influence the intra-individual response to drugs have barely been described. With this in mind, our aim was to compare the anti-inflammatory efficacy of a new molecule (MTADV) to that of corticosteroids in TNBS and DSS-induced colitis mice of both sexes in order to clarify further the response mechanism involved and the variability between sexes. The drugs were administered preventively and therapeutically, and real-time bioluminescence was performed for the in vivo time-course colitis monitoring. Morphometric data were also collected, and colonic cytokines and acute plasma phase proteins were analyzed by qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively-bioluminescence images correlated with inflammatory markers. In the TNBS model, dexamethasone worked better in females, while MTADV improved inflammation in males. In DSS-colitis, both therapies worked similarly. Based on the molecular profiles, interaction networks were constructed to pinpoint the drivers of therapeutic response that were highly dependent on the sex. In conclusion, our results suggest the importance of considering sex in IBD preclinical drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Suau
- IBD Research Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Garcia
- IBD Research Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Carla Bernal
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Biosciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima 15088, Peru
| | - Mariona Llaves
- IBD Research Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Katharina Schiering
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Jou-Ollé
- IBD Research Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Alex Pertegaz
- IBD Research Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Ramon Bartolí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hepatology Unit IGTP, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Violeta Lorén
- IBD Research Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patri Vergara
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Míriam Mañosa
- IBD Research Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Gastroenterology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Eugeni Domènech
- IBD Research Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Gastroenterology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Josep Manyé
- IBD Research Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee HJ. Therapeutic Potential of the Combination of Pentoxifylline and Vitamin-E in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Inhibition of Intestinal Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164713. [PMID: 36012952 PMCID: PMC9410449 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although intestinal fibrosis is a consequence of recurrent inflammation in Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), alleviating inflammation alone does not prevent the progression of fibrosis, suggesting that the development of direct anti-fibrotic agents is necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-fibrotic properties of combination treatment with pentoxifylline (PTX) and vitamin E (Vit-E) on human primary intestinal myofibroblasts (HIMFs) and the therapeutic potential of the combination therapy in murine models of IBD. Methods: HIMFs were pretreated with PTX, Vit-E, or both, and incubated with TGF-β1. We performed Western blot, qPCR, collagen staining, and immunofluorescence to estimate the anti-fibrotic effects of PTX and Vit-E. The cytotoxicity of these was investigated through MTT assay. To induce murine models of IBD for in vivo study, C57BL/6 mice were treated with repeated cycles of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), developing chronic colitis. We examined whether the combined PTX and Vit-E treatment would effectively ameliorate colonic fibrosis in vivo. Results: We found that the co-treatment with PTX and Vit-E suppressed TGF-β1-induced expression of fibrogenic markers, with decreased expression of pERK, pSmad2, and pJNK, more than either treatment alone in HIMFs. Neither PTX nor Vit-E showed any significant cytotoxicity in given concentrations. Consistently with the in vitro results, the co-administration with PTX and Vit-E effectively attenuated colonic fibrosis with recovery from thickening and shortening of colon in murine models of IBD. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that the combination of PTX and Vit-E exhibits significant anti-fibrotic effects in both HIMFs and in vivo IBD models, providing a promising therapy for IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Joo Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13496, Korea; ; Tel.: +82-31-881-7075
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mazur M, Włodarczyk J, Świerczyński M, Kordek R, Grzybowski MM, Olczak J, Fichna J. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Acidic Mammalian Chitinase Inhibitor OAT-177 in DSS-Induced Mouse Model of Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042159. [PMID: 35216274 PMCID: PMC8875595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic and relapsing gastrointestinal disorders, where a significant proportion of patients are unresponsive or lose response to traditional and currently used therapies. In the current study, we propose a new concept for anti-inflammatory treatment based on a selective acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) inhibitor. The functions of chitinases remain unclear, but they have been shown to be implicated in the pathology of various inflammatory disorders regarding the lung (asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) and gastrointestinal tract (IBD and colon cancer). The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of AMCase inhibitor (OAT-177) on the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced models of colitis. In the short-term therapeutic protocol, OAT-177 given intragastrically in a 30 mg/kg dose, twice daily, produced a significant (p < 0.001) anti-inflammatory effect, as shown by the macroscopic score. Additionally, OAT-177 significantly decreased TNF-α mRNA levels and MPO activity compared to DSS-only treated mice. Intraperitoneal administration of OAT-177 at a dose of 50 mg/kg caused statistically relevant reduction of the colon length. In the long-term therapeutic protocol, OAT-177 given intragastrically in a dose of 30 mg/kg, twice daily, significantly improved colon length and body weight compared to DSS-induced colitis. This is the first study proving that AMCase inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Mazur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (J.W.); (M.Ś.)
- OncoArendi Therapeutics SA, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.G.); (J.O.)
| | - Jakub Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (J.W.); (M.Ś.)
| | - Mikołaj Świerczyński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (J.W.); (M.Ś.)
| | - Radzisław Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Marcin M. Grzybowski
- OncoArendi Therapeutics SA, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.G.); (J.O.)
| | - Jacek Olczak
- OncoArendi Therapeutics SA, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.G.); (J.O.)
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (J.W.); (M.Ś.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-272-57-07
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El-Haggar SM, Hegazy SK, Abd-Elsalam SM, Elkaeed EB, Al-Karmalawy AA, Bahaa MM. A Potential Role of Ethosuximide and Pentoxifylline in Relieving Abdominal Pain in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients Treated with Mebeverine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1159-1172. [PMID: 35221706 PMCID: PMC8867223 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s346608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is defined as an association of chronic abdominal pain with bowel habit abnormalities, without clear organic dysfunction. T-type calcium channels and low-grade mucosal inflammation are linked to abdominal pain; however, medical treatments for IBS abdominal pain are largely ineffective. In this study, we investigated if pentoxifylline (PTX) and ethosuximide could potentially alleviate abdominal pain in patients with IBS treated with mebeverine. Methods We recruited 150 patients from Tanta University Hospital to this randomized, prospective, and double blinded study. Patients were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 50). Group 1 (mebeverine) received 135 mg mebeverine three times/day (t.i.d). Group 2 (ethosuximide group) received 135 mg mebeverine t.i.d plus 250 mg ethosuximide twice daily (b.i.d) and group 3 (PTX group) received 135 mg mebeverine t.i.d plus 400 mg PTX b.i.d. Patients were assessed by a gastroenterologist at baseline and 6 months after therapy. Serum interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, tumor necrosis-α (TNF-α), fecal myeloperoxidase, and fecal neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels were measured before and after therapy. The numeric pain rating scale (NRS) was also assessed before and after therapy. Primary Outcomes Reduced NRS scores and abdominal pain relief. Secondary Outcomes Decreased inflammatory biomarkers. Results After 6 months, groups 2 and 3 showed a significantly greater reduction in serum IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, fecal myeloperoxidase, and fecal NGAL levels when compared to group 1 after therapy. Both groups 2 and 3 showed significant reductions in NRS scores when compared to the group 1. Conclusion Ethosuximide and PTX may be promising, novel adjunct drugs to antispasmodics for relieving abdominal pain in patients with IBS. Trial Registration Identifier: NCT04217733.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar M El-Haggar
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Gharbia Government, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Sahar K Hegazy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Gharbia Government, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Sherief M Abd-Elsalam
- Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 315274, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Bahaa
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
- Correspondence: Mostafa M Bahaa, Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt, Tel +201025538337, Email ;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Borowiecki P, Rudzka A, Reiter T, Kroutil W. Chemoenzymatic deracemization of lisofylline catalyzed by a (laccase/TEMPO)-alcohol dehydrogenase system. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00145d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This article reports on a novel biocatalytic method for the synthesis of both enantiomers of lisofylline based on Trametes versicolor laccase, TEMPO as a redox mediator and stereocomplementary recombinant alcohol dehydrogenases as biocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowiecki
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa St. 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rudzka
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa St. 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tamara Reiter
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Field of Excellence BioHealth, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Field of Excellence BioHealth, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang H, Yue GGL, Leung PC, Wong CK, Lau CBS. A review on the molecular mechanisms, the therapeutic treatment including the potential of herbs and natural products, and target prediction of obesity-associated colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106031. [PMID: 34896542 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Obesity has been proven to be closely related to colorectal carcinogenesis. This review summarized the potential underlying mechanisms linking obesity to CRC in different aspects, including energy metabolism, inflammation, activities of adipokines and hormones. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic targets of obesity-associated CRC were predicted using network-based target analysis, with total predicted pathways not only containing previously reported pathways, but also putative signaling pathways pending for investigation. In addition, the current conventional therapeutic treatment options, plus the potential use of herbs and natural products in the management of obesity-associated CRC were also discussed. Taken together, the aim of this review article is to provide strong theoretical basis for future drug development, particularly herbs and natural products, in obesity-associated CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihai Yang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Grace Gar Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
El-Haggar SM, Hegazy SK, Abd-Elsalam SM, Bahaa MM. Pentoxifylline, a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, in adjunctive therapy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome treated with mebeverine. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112399. [PMID: 34775240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal condition marked by chronic bowel pain or discomfort, as well as changes in abdominal motility. Despite its worldwide prevalence and clinical impact, the cause of IBS is unknown. Inflammation could play a fundamental role in the development of IBS. The aim of this study was to examine whether pentoxifylline, a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is useful in alleviating abdominal pain in IBS patients treated with mebeverine. METHODS A randomized, controlled, and prospective clinical study that included 50 outpatients who met the inclusion criteria for IBS. Patients are allocated randomly into two groups (n = 25). Group 1 (mebeverine group) received mebeverine 135 mg three times daily (t.i.d) for three months. Group 2 (pentoxifylline group) received mebeverine 135 mg t.i.d and pentoxifylline 400 mg two times daily for three months. Patients were assessed by a gastroenterologist at baseline and three months after the medication had been started. The serum levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, fecal Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), and fecal myeloperoxidase were measured at the start and after three months of therapy. The Numeric Pain Rating scale (NRS) was assessed at baseline and after therapy. RESULTS the pentoxifylline group showed a significant decrease in the level of measured biomarkers and a significant decrease in NRS. CONCLUSION Pentoxifylline could be a promising adjuvant anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of abdominal pain in IBS patients treated with mebeverine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar M El-Haggar
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Guiesh Street, El-Gharbia Government, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Sahar K Hegazy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Guiesh Street, El-Gharbia Government, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Sherief M Abd-Elsalam
- Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Bahaa
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Badawi GA, Shokr MM, Zaki HF, Mohamed AF. Pentoxifylline prevents epileptic seizure via modulating HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4 signalling pathway and improves memory in pentylenetetrazol kindling rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1111-1124. [PMID: 33899956 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic widely prevalent neurologic disorder, affecting brain functions with a broad spectrum of deleterious consequences. High mobility group box1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear non-histone protein that targets vital cell receptor of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and advanced glycation end products (RAGE). HMGB1 mediated TLR4/RAGE cascade has been scored as a key culprit in neuroinflammatory signalling that critically evokes development of impaired cognition and epilepsy. The current study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-kindling rats by its anti-inflammatory/antioxidant capacity and its impact on memory and cognition were investigated, too. PTZ was intraperitoneally injected 35 mg/kg, every 48 h, for 14 doses, to evoke kindling model. Phenytoin (30 mg/kg, i.p.) and PTX (60 mg/kg, i.p.) or their combination were given once daily for 27 days. PTX treatment showed a statistically significant effect on behavioural, histopathological and neurochemical analysis. PTX protected the PTZ kindling rats from epileptic seizures and improved memory and cognitive impairment through the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Furthermore, PTX reversed PTZ hippocampal neuronal loss by decreasing protein expression of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), Tau and β site-amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1), associated with a marked reduction in expression of inflammatory mediators such as HMGB1, TL4, and RAGE proteins. Furthermore, PTX inhibited hippocampal apoptotic caspase 1 protein, total reactive oxygen species (TROS) along with upregulated erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) content. In conclusion, PTX or its combination with phenytoin represent a promising drug to inhibit the epilepsy progression via targeting the HMGB1/TLR4/RAGE signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Badawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, EL-Arish, Egypt
| | - Mustafa M Shokr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, EL-Arish, Egypt
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chitinases and Chitinase-Like Proteins as Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Diseases, with a Special Focus on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136966. [PMID: 34203467 PMCID: PMC8268069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinases belong to the evolutionarily conserved glycosyl hydrolase family 18 (GH18). They catalyze degradation of chitin to N-acetylglucosamine by hydrolysis of the β-(1-4)-glycosidic bonds. Although mammals do not synthesize chitin, they possess two enzymatically active chitinases, i.e., chitotriosidase (CHIT1) and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase), as well as several chitinase-like proteins (YKL-40, YKL-39, oviductin, and stabilin-interacting protein). The latter lack enzymatic activity but still display oligosaccharides-binding ability. The physiologic functions of chitinases are still unclear, but they have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of various human fibrotic and inflammatory disorders, particularly those of the lung (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sarcoidosis, and asthma) and the gastrointestinal tract (inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colon cancer). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about chitinases, particularly in IBDs, and demonstrate that chitinases can serve as prognostic biomarkers of disease progression. Moreover, we suggest that the inhibition of chitinase activity may be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of IBDs.
Collapse
|
10
|
Borowiecki P, Zdun B, Dranka M. Chemoenzymatic enantioselective and stereo-convergent syntheses of lisofylline enantiomers via lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution and optical inversion approach. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
11
|
Inhibitory effects of pentoxifylline on inflammation-related tumorigenesis in rat colon. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33972-33981. [PMID: 30338039 PMCID: PMC6188053 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in the colorectum increases the risk of colorectal cancer development. Pentoxifylline, a medicine used for improving the circulation, has been reported to inhibit TNF-α production and to ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In this study, we investigated the effects of pentoxifylline on inflammation-related colon tumorigenesis in a rodent model using Kyoto APC delta rats, which have APC mutation and are susceptible to colon carcinogenesis. Male Kyoto APC delta rats were treated with azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate, and were subsequently administered water, with or without pentoxifylline. At the end of the experiment, the development of colorectal tumor was significantly inhibited in the pentoxifylline group. The pentoxifylline treatment also lowered the levels of oxidative stress markers and mRNAs of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, in the colon mucosa. The PCNA labeling index and the inflammation score were also decreased in the colon of rats in the pentoxifylline -treated group. We also used an endoscopy to observe the tumor progression and inflammation in the colon of rats, revealing that inflammation grade was significantly lower in pentoxifylline-treated group at several points during the experiment. These findings suggest that pentoxifylline treatment might be useful for chemoprevention of inflammation-related colon cancer.
Collapse
|
12
|
Eissa N, Hussein H, Kermarrec L, Grover J, Metz-Boutigue MHE, Bernstein CN, Ghia JE. Chromofungin Ameliorates the Progression of Colitis by Regulating Alternatively Activated Macrophages. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1131. [PMID: 28951733 PMCID: PMC5599789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by a functional dysregulation of alternatively activated macrophage (AAM) and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) homeostasis. Chromogranin-A (CHGA) secreted by neuroendocrine cells is implicated in intestinal inflammation and immune dysregulation. CHGA undergoes proteolytic processing to generate CHGA-derived peptides. Chromofungin (CHR: CHGA47–66) is a short CHGA-derived peptide encoded by CHGA Exon-IV and is involved in innate immune regulation, but the basis is poorly investigated. We investigated the expression of CHR in colonic tissue of patients with active UC and assessed the effects of the CHR in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis in mice and on macrophages and human colonic epithelial cells. We found that mRNA expression of CHR correlated positively with mRNA levels of AAM markers and gene expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins and negatively with mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-18, and collagen in patients with active UC. Moreover, AAM markers correlated positively with gene expression of TJ proteins and negatively with IL-8, IL-18, and collagen gene expression. Experimentally, intracolonic administration of CHR protected against DSS-induced colitis by priming macrophages into AAM, reducing colonic collagen deposition, and maintaining IECs homeostasis. This effect was associated with a significant increase of AAM markers, reduction of colonic IL-18 release and conservation of gene expression of TJ proteins. In vitro, CHR enhanced AAM polarization and increased the production of anti-inflammatory mediators. CHR-treated AAM conditioned medium increased Caco-2 cell migration, viability, proliferation, and mRNA levels of TJ proteins, and decreased oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and proinflammatory cytokines release. Direct CHR treatments had the same effect. In conclusion, CHR treatment reduces the severity of colitis and the inflammatory process via enhancing AAM functions and maintaining IECs homeostasis. CHR is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation in experimental colitis. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms of colonic inflammation and could lead to new therapeutic strategies for UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nour Eissa
- Immunology Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hayam Hussein
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Jasmine Grover
- Immunology Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Et Metz-Boutigue
- INSERM U977, Biomatériaux et Ingéniérie tissulaire, Institut Leriche 2éme étage, Hôpital Civil, Porte de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Ghia
- Immunology Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Karatay E, Gül Utku Ö, Erdal H, Arhan M, Önal İK, Ibiş M, Ekinci Ö, Yilmaz Demirtaş C, G Dumlu Ş. Pentoxifylline attenuates mucosal damage in an experimental model of rat colitis by modulating tissue biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47:348-356. [PMID: 28263514 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1508-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM This study was designed to identify the effect of pentoxifylline on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: group A, TNBS + intraperitoneal (IP) pentoxifylline; group B, TNBS + IP saline; group C, TNBS + intrarectal (IR) pentoxifylline; group D, TNBS + IR saline; group E, IP pentoxifylline + TNBS; group F, IP saline + TNBS; group G, IR saline. Pentoxifylline was given daily for 3 days before or 6 days after the induction of colitis. Rats were killed after 6 days. RESULTS IP and IR pentoxifylline similarly and significantly reduced damage and histopathological scores. Pentoxifylline attenuated the accumulation of malonyldialdehyde and transforming growth factor β1 and the activities of myeloperoxidase, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, and it also restored superoxide dismutase activity. The IP route was more effective than the IR route in this regard. Administration of IP pentoxifylline before or after induction did not influence all parameters. Conclusions: Pentoxifylline showed a therapeutic effect in this experimental colitis model. IP administration seemed to be better. This effect may occur as a result of inhibition of oxidative stress and metalloproteinase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eylem Karatay
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Gül Utku
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Harun Erdal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Arhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Koral Önal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ibiş
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özgür Ekinci
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Canan Yilmaz Demirtaş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şükrü G Dumlu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Preventive Effects of Pentoxifylline on the Development of Colonic Premalignant Lesions in Obese and Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020413. [PMID: 28212276 PMCID: PMC5343947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its related metabolic abnormalities, including enhanced oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, are closely related to colorectal tumorigenesis. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, has been reported to suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and possess anti-inflammatory properties. The present study investigated the effects of PTX on the development of carcinogen-induced colorectal premalignant lesions in obese and diabetic mice. Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice, which are severely obese and diabetic, were administered weekly subcutaneous injections of the colonic carcinogen azoxymethane (15 mg/kg body weight) for four weeks and then received drinking water containing 125 or 500 ppm PTX for eight weeks. At the time of sacrifice, PTX administration markedly suppressed the development of premalignant lesions in the colorectum. The levels of oxidative stress markers were significantly decreased in the PTX-treated group compared with those in the untreated control group. In PTX-administered mice, the mRNA expression levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-6, and TNF-α, and the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells in the colonic mucosa, were significantly reduced. These observations suggest that PTX attenuated chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, and prevented the development of colonic tumorigenesis in an obesity-related colon cancer model.
Collapse
|
15
|
Segnani C, Ippolito C, Antonioli L, Pellegrini C, Blandizzi C, Dolfi A, Bernardini N. Histochemical Detection of Collagen Fibers by Sirius Red/Fast Green Is More Sensitive than van Gieson or Sirius Red Alone in Normal and Inflamed Rat Colon. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144630. [PMID: 26673752 PMCID: PMC4682672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen detection in histological sections and its quantitative estimation by computer-aided image analysis represent important procedures to assess tissue localization and distribution of connective fibers. Different histochemical approaches have been proposed to detect and quantify collagen deposition in paraffin slices with different degrees of satisfaction. The present study was performed to compare the qualitative and quantitative efficiency of three histochemical methods available for collagen staining in paraffin sections of colon. van Gieson, Sirius Red and Sirius Red/Fast Green stainings were carried out for collagen detection and quantitative estimation by morphometric image analysis in colonic specimens from normal rats or animals with 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS) induced colitis. Haematoxylin/eosin staining was carried out to assess tissue morphology and histopathological lesions. Among the three investigated methods, Sirius Red/Fast Green staining allowed to best highlight well-defined red-stained collagen fibers and to obtain the highest quantitative results by morphometric image analysis in both normal and inflamed colon. Collagen fibers, which stood out against the green-stained non-collagen components, could be clearly appreciated, even in their thinner networks, within all layers of normal or inflamed colonic wall. The present study provides evidence that, as compared with Sirius Red alone or van Gieson staining, the Sirius Red/Fast Green method is the most sensitive, in terms of both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of collagen fibers, in paraffin sections of both normal and inflamed colon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Segnani
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Amelio Dolfi
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Baumgart DC, Müller HP, Grittner U, Metzke D, Fischer A, Guckelberger O, Pascher A, Sack I, Vieth M, Rudolph B. US-based Real-time Elastography for the Detection of Fibrotic Gut Tissue in Patients with Stricturing Crohn Disease. Radiology 2015; 275:889-99. [PMID: 25668520 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14141929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether ultrasonography (US)-based real-time elastography (RTE) can be used to detect gut fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this institutional review board-approved, prospective, proof-of-concept study, unaffected and affected gut segments in 10 patients with Crohn disease (four women, six men; median age, 49 years) were examined pre-, intra-, and postoperatively with US, including RTE to assess strain. Disease activity was scored by using the Limberg index on the basis of (a) bowel wall thickness and (b) size and extent of Doppler signal. After surgical resection, strain of full gut wall segments was measured with direct tensiometry. Gut wall layers, fibrosis, and collagen content were quantified histologically. Aggregated data per patient, disease status, and available measurements were assessed with mixed-effects models. RESULTS Unaffected versus affected gut segments yielded higher RTE (mean ± standard deviation, 169.0 ± 27.9 vs 43.0 ± 25.9, respectively) and tensiometry (mean, 77.1 ± 21.4 vs 13.3 ± 11.2, respectively) values used to assess strain (both P < .001). There was good correlation between pre-, intra-, and postoperative RTE values of unaffected (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.572) and affected (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.830) segments. RTE was not associated with pre- or intraoperative Limberg scores (median, 1 vs 2; P = .255 and .382, respectively). Affected internal (median, 2011 vs 1363 μm; P = .011) and external (median, 929 vs 632 μm; P = .013) muscularis propria, serosa (median, 245 vs 64 μm; P = .019), and muscularis mucosae (median, 451 vs 80 μm; P = .031) were wider than unaffected segments. Width differences of internal muscularis propria and mucularis mucosae were associated with RTE-assessed strain (P = .044 and .012, respectively) and tensiometry-assessed strain (P = .006 and .014, respectively). Masson trichrome (median, 4 vs 0; P < .001) and elastica-van Gieson (median, 805 346 μm(2) vs 410 649 μm(2); P < .001) stains and western blotting (median, 2.01 vs 0.87; P = .009) demonstrated a higher collagen content in affected versus unaffected segments and were associated with RTE-assessed strain (both P < .001) and tensiometry-assessed strain (P < .001 and 0.025, respectively). CONCLUSION RTE can be used to detect fibrosis in human Crohn disease. Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Baumgart
- From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (D.C.B., H.P.M., D.M., A.F.), Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology (U.G.), Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery (O.G., A.P.), Department of Experimental Radiology (I.S.), and Institute of Pathology (B.R.), Charité Medical School, Virchow Hospital, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; and Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Germany (M.V.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rogler G. New therapeutic avenues for treatment of fibrosis: can we learn from other diseases? Dig Dis 2014; 32 Suppl 1:39-49. [PMID: 25531352 DOI: 10.1159/000367825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by the frequent occurrence of complications, such as fibrotic strictures and subsequently the need for CD-related surgery. Chronic or recurrent inflammation is generally regarded to be a necessary precondition for the initiation of intestinal fibrosis. In this view, fibrosis is a pathologically augmented healing response to inflammation-induced mucosal tissue destruction and injury. At present, there are no approved or effective medical therapies aimed specifically at fibrosis or stricture in IBD. Indirect benefits may occur from anti-inflammatory therapies, although there is no consensus on this. Therapy for fibrosis is complicated by the fact that a wound-healing response is essential in CD and ulcerative colitis. Several pharmaceutical companies are now working on the therapy of fibrosis in other diseases. Strategies interfering with TGF-β expression and activation are promising. Pirfenidone has been studied in several clinical trials. Further therapeutic options are second-generation and wide-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These inhibit growth factor receptor signaling, thus reducing fibrosis in animal models and some patients with tumor-associated fibrosis. At present, the development of antifibrotic therapies takes place in other diseases such as lung and liver fibrosis. This is partially due to a lack of experimental models for gut fibrosis and the fact that reliable readouts (MRI, serum markers) in patients are lacking. It will be important to test the above-mentioned newly available treatment strategies in IBD to profit from progress in other fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gruber S, Schmidt M, Bozsaky E, Wolfram K, Haagen J, Habelt B, Puttrich M, Dörr W. Modulation of radiation-induced oral mucositis by pentoxifylline: Preclinical studies. Strahlenther Onkol 2014; 191:242-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-014-0775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
19
|
Li JH, Zhou W. P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB203580 promotes peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis in rats with colitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:668-673. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i5.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the influence of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB203580 on peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) apoptosis in rats with colitis and the possible mechanisms involved.
METHODS: Forty-five healthy female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: a normal group, a model group and a SB203580 group. Colitis was induced with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats of the latter two groups. The normal group and the model group were treated intrarectally with saline, while the SB203580 group was given SB203580 [1 mg/(kg•d)]. The rats were sacrificed after 2 wk to assess disease activity index (DAI) and macroscopic and histological changes of the colon. PBL apoptosis and Bcl-2 expression were examined by flow cytometry. p-ATF2 protein expression in colon tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: In the model group, the percentages of cells expressing p-ATF2 and Bcl-2 were higher than those in the normal group and SB203580 group (43.40% ± 2.67% vs 7.45% ± 1.26%, 20.70% ± 2.79%; 38.60% ± 3.53% vs 13.70% ± 2.45%, 20.30% ± 2.87%, P < 0.01 for all), but the percentage of apoptotic PBLs in the model group was lower than those in the normal group and SB203580 group (27.70% ± 3.02% vs 58.70% ± 3.09%, 46.60% ± 4.14%, P < 0.01 for both). DAI and macroscopic and histological scores in the model group were significantly higher than those in the normal group and SB203580 group (2.42 ± 0.30 vs 0.28 ± 0.29, 1.24 ± 0.17; 5.42 ± 0.30 vs 0.30 ± 0.48, 3.30 ± 0.22; 3.29 ± 0.26 vs 0.05 ± 0.20, 1.10 ± 0.74, P < 0.01 for all).
CONCLUSION: P38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 reduces colonic inflammatory injury in rats with colitis by down-regulating expression of p-ATF2 and Bcl-2 and inducing PBL apoptosis. SB203580 can be considered as a novel therapeutic alternative for the treatment of UC.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee IA, Kamba A, Low D, Mizoguchi E. Novel methylxanthine derivative-mediated anti-inflammatory effects in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:1127-38. [PMID: 24574789 PMCID: PMC3921497 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i5.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Family 18 chitinases have a binding capacity with chitin, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine. Recent studies strongly suggested that chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1, also known as YKL-40) and acidic mammalian chitinase, the two major members of family 18 chitinases, play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), bronchial asthma and several other inflammatory disorders. Based on the data from high-throughput screening, it has been found that three methylxanthine derivatives, caffeine, theophylline, and pentoxifylline, have competitive inhibitory effects against a fungal family 18 chitinase by specifically interacting with conserved tryptophans in the active site of this protein. Methylxanthine derivatives are also known as adenosine receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inducers. Anti-inflammatory effects of methylxanthine derivatives have been well-documented in the literature. For example, a beneficial link between coffee or caffeine consumption and type 2 diabetes as well as liver cirrhosis has been reported. Furthermore, theophylline has a long history of being used as a bronchodilator in asthma therapy, and pentoxifylline has an immuno-modulating effect for peripheral vascular disease. However, it is still largely unknown whether these methylxanthine derivative-mediated anti-inflammatory effects are associated with the inhibition of CHI3L1-induced cytoplasmic signaling cascades in epithelial cells. In this review article we will examine the above possibility and summarize the biological significance of methylxanthine derivatives in intestinal epithelial cells. We hope that this study will provide a rationale for the development of methylxanthine derivatives, in particular caffeine, -based anti-inflammatory therapeutics in the field of IBD and IBD-associated carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
21
|
Rieder F, Kessler S, Sans M, Fiocchi C. Animal models of intestinal fibrosis: new tools for the understanding of pathogenesis and therapy of human disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 303:G786-801. [PMID: 22878121 PMCID: PMC4073977 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00059.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a serious condition complicating chronic inflammatory processes affecting the intestinal tract. Advances in this field that rely on human studies have been slow and seriously restricted by practical and logistic reasons. As a consequence, well-characterized animal models of intestinal fibrosis have emerged as logical and essential systems to better define and understand the pathophysiology of fibrosis. In point of fact, animal models allow the execution of mechanistic studies as well as the implementation of clinical trials with novel, pathophysiology-based therapeutic approaches. This review provides an overview of the currently available animal models of intestinal fibrosis, taking into consideration the methods of induction, key characteristics of each model, and underlying mechanisms. Currently available models will be classified into seven categories: spontaneous, gene-targeted, chemical-, immune-, bacteria-, and radiation-induced as well as postoperative fibrosis. Each model will be discussed in regard to its potential to create research opportunities to gain insights into the mechanisms of intestinal fibrosis and stricture formation and assist in the development of effective and specific antifibrotic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rieder
- 1Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; ,2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Sean Kessler
- 1Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;
| | - Miquel Sans
- 3Service of Gastroenterology, Centro Medico Teknon, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- 1Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; ,2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| |
Collapse
|