The action site of the synthetic kainoid (2S,3R,4R)-3-carboxymethyl-4-(4-methylphenylthio)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (PSPA-4), an analogue of Japanese mushroom poison acromelic acid, for allodynia (tactile pain)

Practical synthesis of kainoids: a new chemical probe precursor and a fluorescent probe

A practical total synthesis of kainoid MFPA (5) was achieved in only six steps, via a novel Ni-catalyst-mediated asymmetric conjugate addition reaction. Furthermore, a fluorescein-based fluorescent ionotropic glutamate receptor probe 28 was efficiently synthesized from a precursor derived from a synthetic intermediate of 5.

Recent progress in neuroactive marine natural products

This review covers the isolation, chemical structure, biological activity, structure activity relationships including synthesis of chemical probes, and pharmacological characterization of neuroactive marine natural products; 302 references are cited.